Textbook of Transplantation and Mechanical Support for End-Stage Heart and Lung Disease, 2 Volume Set E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 4879

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023

Beschreibung

Textbook of Transplantation and Mechanical Support for End-Stage Heart and Lung Disease Comprehensive textbook covering all aspects of the care of patients with advanced heart or lung disease Transplantation and Mechanical Support for End-Stage Heart and Lung Disease is the most comprehensive and contemporary textbook available that addresses the medical and surgical treatment options for patients with end-stage heart and lung disease. All facets of these complex and resource-intensive therapies are covered by leading experts -- including the basics of transplant immunology, databases, regulatory and ethical aspects of transplantation and conventional and new modalities of donor organ harvest. Transplantation and Mechanical Support for End-Stage Heart and Lung Disease includes further information on topics such as: * Historical developments that facilitated heart and lung transplantation; engineering advances in continuous flow technologies * Transplant organizations, oversight, structure, process, databases and registries in the thoracic transplants and MCS field * Current strategies in immune modulation, desensitization protocols and mechanisms of allograft rejection and tolerance/immunosenescence * Detailed descriptions of donor and recipient surgical procedures as well as comprehensive implantation techniques for all available short- and long-term mechanical circulatory support devices, including ECMO * Organ allocation and prioritization, donor evaluation, high risk donors, marginal donors, and risk assessment Richly enhanced with summary tables and color illustrations to provide an engaging and supportive learning experience, the book will serve as a highly valuable source of contemporary knowledge for medical students, residents, nurses, perfusionists, physicians and surgeons involved in the care of these desperately ill group of patients. "This comprehensive book covers all aspects of advanced heart and lung failure treatment, including shock, short-term and durable mechanical assistance, as well as transplantation. The in-depth information will be welcome by newcomers in the field as well as seasoned veterans." --Andreas Zuckermann, M.D Vice-Chair, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Director of Cardiac Transplantation Program, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital "This comprehensive tour-de-force compendium covers practical issues of clinical administration, program development, care pathways, ongoing challenges and opportunities in each treatment area as a must go-to reference for guidance in the rapidly evolving fields of mechanical circulatory support and transplantation." --Mandeep R. Mehra, MBBS, MSc, FRCP Executive Director, Center for Advanced Heart Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School "This unique textbook authored by key opinion leaders is a refreshing 'wind of change' in our field, one that will well serve all professionals involved in the care of end-stage heart and lung patients for many years to come." --Marcelo Cypel MD, MSc, FACS, FRCSC Surgical Director Ajmera Transplant Centre at UHN , University of Toronto

Leseprobe

Textbook of Transplantation and Mechanical Support for End-Stage Heart and Lung Disease

Edited by Yaron D. Barac, Scott C. Silvestry, Mani A. Daneshmand, and Daniel J. Goldstein

Volume 1

This edition first published 2024

© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Yaron D. Barac, Scott C. Silvestry, Mani A. Daneshmand, and Daniel J. Goldstein to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

Registered Offices

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.

Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty

The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Barac, Yaron D., editor. | Silvestry, Scott C., editor. | Daneshmand, Mani A., editor. | Goldstein, Daniel J., MD, editor.

Title: Textbook of transplantation and mechanical support for end-stage heart and lung disease / edited by Yaron D. Barac, Scott C. Silvestry, Mani A. Daneshmand, Daniel J. Goldstein.

Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2024. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2023012864 | ISBN 9781119633846 (set) | ISBN 9781394197927 (v. 1 ; Hardback) | ISBN 9781394198153 (v. 2 ; Hardback) | ISBN 9781119633853 (ePDF) | ISBN 9781119633860 (epub) | ISBN 9781119633884 (oBook)

Subjects: MESH: Heart Diseases--therapy | Lung Diseases--therapy | Advanced Cardiac Life Support | Heart Transplantation | Lung Transplantation

Classification: LCC RC682 | NLM WG 166 | DDC 616.1/2--dc23/eng/20230505

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023012864

Cover Images: © Jay LeVasseur, MFA/Applied Art, LLC/[email protected]

Cover Design: Wiley

Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd., Pondicherry, India

Contents

Volume 1

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Editors᾿ Dedications

Introduction

List of Contributors

Section I Overview of Thoracic Transplantation

1 Historical Developments that Facilitated Heart Transplantation

2 Historical Developments that Facilitated Lung Transplantation

3 Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Perspective on Engineering and Pump Technology

4 Transplant Organizations, Oversight, Structure, and Allocation Process: Worldwide Perspective

5 Databases and Registries in the Field of Thoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support

6 The Ethics of Transplantation

7 Administration and Finance of Mechanical Circulatory Support and Transplant Programs

Heart Transplant Section II Transplant Immunology

8 HLA and Antigen Receptor Biology

9 The Histocompatibility Lab: Alloantibodies, Sensitization, and the Virtual Crossmatch

10 Current Strategies in Immune Modulation and Desensitization Protocols

11 Mechanisms of Allograft Rejection and Tolerance/Immunosenescence

Section III The Pretransplant Phase: Recipient

12 The Multidisciplinary Recipient Selection Process (Adult and Pediatric): Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

13 The Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Patient: Presentation and Management

14 Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

15 LVAD Versus Cardiac Transplantation: When to List? When to Implant?

16 Inpatient and Outpatient Preoperative Optimization and Waitlist Management

Section IV The Pretransplant Phase: Donor

17 Organ Allocation and Prioritization

18 Cardiac Donor Evaluation

19 High-Risk Donors, Marginal Donors, and Risk Assessment

20 Organ Procurement and Preservation

21 Cardiac Transplantation Utilizing Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD)

Section V The Transplant Phase

22 Coordinating the Transplant Procedure

23 Anesthesia in Cardiac Transplantation

24 Induction Therapy: When and How

25 Surgical Techniques in Cardiac Transplantation

26 Technical Considerations in the Complex Reoperative Patient

27 Management of Primary Graft Dysfunction and Vasoplegia Syndromes

28 Concomitant Procedures in the Transplant Heart

29 Multiorgan Transplantation: Heart–Lung

30 Multiorgan Transplantation: Heart–Kidney

31 Multiorgan Transplantation: Heart–Liver

Section VI The Post-Transplant Phase

32 Early Postoperative Period: Hemodynamics, Allograft Function, Bleeding, and Initiation of Immunosuppression

33 From ICU Discharge to Hospital Discharge

34 Diagnosis and Management of Rejection

35 Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

36 Infections in Heart Transplantations

37 Post-Transplant Malignancy and Lymphoproliferative Diseases

38 Miscellaneous Adverse Events and Causes of Death

39 Survival and Quality of Life After Heart Transplantation

Mechanical Circulatory Support Section VII Short-Term MCS

40 Cardiogenic Shock

41 Univentricular Support for the Left Ventricle

42 Univentricular Support for the Right Ventricle

43 ECMO Biventricular Support

44 Biventricular Assist Devices (BiVADs)

45 The Shock Team: Staffing, Algorithms, and Processes

Section VIII Durable MCS

46 Take-Home Messages of the Major Clinical Trials in Mechanical Circulatory Support

47 LVAD Patient Selection: A Multidisciplinary Team Evaluation

48 Perioperative Optimization

49 Anesthetic Considerations in the LVAD Candidate

50 Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Description of Available Technologies

51 Total Artificial Heart

52 Durable BiVAD Support: Configurations, Techniques, and Outcomes

53 Incisions and Decisions: Implantation Technique for Durable LVADs

54 Concomitant Surgery at LVAD Implantation

55 Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support

Index

Volume 2

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Section IX The MCS Patient

56 Postoperative ICU Care for Mechanical Circulatory Support Patients

57 Post-ICU LVAD Course

58 The VAD Coordinator’s Role: Education and Team Communication

59 The LVAD Patient Bridging to Wellness: Psychological Assessment and Rehabilitation

60 LVAD Clinic: Outpatient Monitoring and Causes for Readmission

61 Hemodynamic Optimization of the LVAD Patient

62 Myocardial Recovery During LVAD Support

Section X MCS-Related Complications in the Chronic Patient

63 Right Heart Failure: Risk Scores and Management

64 LVAD-Associated Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Pathophysiology, Etiologies, and Management

65 Mechanical Circulatory Support Infections

66 Pump Thrombosis: Medical and Surgical Management

67 Neurologic Complications: Pathophysiology, Incidence, Types, Prevention, and Management

68 Renal Dysfunction in MCS Patients: Perioperative and Long-Term Considerations

69 De Novo Aortic Insufficiency

Section XI The LVAD Program and Future Directions

70 Regulatory and Miscellaneous Aspects of an LVAD Program

71 Current Limitations and Characteristics of Next-Generation Ventricular Assist Devices

72 MCS and Novel Adjunctive Therapies: An Update

73 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in MCS

Lung Transplant Section XII The Pretransplant Phase: Recipient

74 Recipient Selection and the Lung Transplant Window for Adult and Pediatric Patients

75 Advanced Lung Disease

76 The Acute Lung Failure Patient and Temporary Mechanical Support

77 Preoperative Optimization for Lung Transplant

78 Lung Transplant Waitlist Management

Section XIII The Pretransplant Phase: Donor

79 Prioritization: Candidate Selection and Organ Allocation Systems

80 Donor Lungs Evaluation

81 Lung Transplantation: Marginal Donors and Risk Assessment

82 Organ Procurement and Preservation

83 Machines and Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD) in Lung Transplantation

Section XIV The Transplant Phase

84 Components of the Lung Transplant Team

85 Anesthesia and Hemodynamic Management for Lung Transplantation

86 Techniques in Lung Transplantation

87 Technical Considerations in the Complex Recipient

88 Taking the First Breath: ICU Care of the Lung Transplant Patient

Section XV The Post-Transplant Phase

89 Post-Transplant Phase: Issues in the Early Postoperative Period

90 Post-Transplant Phase: From ICU Discharge to Hospital Discharge

91 Lung Transplant Rejection

92 Transplant Infectious Diseases

93 Post-Transplant Complications

94 Post-Transplant Other Adverse Events

95 Survival and Quality of Life Post Lung Transplantation

Section XVI Thoracic Transplant in a Long-Term Perspective

96 The Future of Heart and Lung Transplantation

97 Heart and Lung Xenotransplantation

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

CHAPTER 02

Table 2.1 Key milestones during...

CHAPTER 04

Table 4.1 OPTN adult status...

Table 4.2 Canadian health authorities...

Table 4.3 Canadian recipient status...

Table 4.4 Ranking algorithm for...

Table 4.5 Canadian transplant centers...

Table 4.6 Australian adult and...

CHAPTER 05

Table 5.1 Goals of the...

Table 5.2 INTERMACS levels of...

CHAPTER 10

Table 10.1 Desensitization in heart...

CHAPTER 12

Table 12.1 Current indications for...

Table 12.2 Screening for extracardiac...

Table 12.3 Calculation of noninvasive...

Table 12.4 Suggested pretransplant cancer...

Table 12.5 Recommended tests for...

Table 12.6 Current indications for...

Table 12.7 Indications and contraindications...

Table 12.8 Absolute and relative...

CHAPTER 13

Table 13.1 NYHA functional classification...

Table 13.2 Markers of worse...

Table 13.3 ACC/AHA guidelines...

Table 13.4 Drugs for treatment...

Table 13.5 Oral diuretics for...

Table 13.6 Device therapy for...

Table 13.7 Surgical and percutaneous...

CHAPTER 14

Table 14.1 Main prognostic scores...

Table 14.2 Prognostic value of...

Table 14.3 Classification of CRS...

Table 14.4 Main characteristics of...

Table 14.5 Commonly encountered concomitant...

Table 14.6 Hemodynamic effects of...

CHAPTER 15

Table 15.1 Mnemonic for evaluation...

Table 15.2 INTERMACS HF clinical...

Table 15.3 Shared decision-making...

CHAPTER 17

Table 17.1 Waiting list mortality...

Table 17.2 Transition from a...

Table 17.3 Adult heart allocation...

Table 17.4 Proposed “Straw...

Table 17.5 Broader sharing proposal...

CHAPTER 18

Table 18.1 Standard criteria for...

Table 18.2 Change in ranking...

Table 18.3 Example of extended...

CHAPTER 19

Table 19.1 Criteria for “...

CHAPTER 21

Table 21.1 Maastricht DCD categories...

Table 21.2 Figures regarding donors...

CHAPTER 22

Table 22.1 Recipient information to...

Table 22.2 Donor and recipient...

Table 22.3 Notifications at the...

CHAPTER 23

Table 23.1 Anesthetic goals in...

Table 23.2 Contraindications to heart...

Table 23.3 Preoperative assessment...

CHAPTER 24

Table 24.1 When to consider...

CHAPTER 27

Table 27.1 Common inotropes, vasopressors...

Table 27.2 Mechanical device options...

CHAPTER 28

Table 28.1 Summary of congenital...

Table 28.2 Summary of valvular...

CHAPTER 30

Table 30.1 HKTx: indication, goals...

Table 30.2 Evaluation of eligibility...

CHAPTER 31

Table 31.1 List of single...

CHAPTER 32

Table 32.1 ISHLT guidelines for...

Table 32.2 Properties of intravenous...

Table 32.3 Definition of severity...

CHAPTER 33

Table 33.1 Transition to home...

Table 33.2 Transition out of...

Table 33.3 ISHLT histological grading...

Table 33.4 2013 ISHLT classification...

CHAPTER 34

Table 34.1 ISHLT standardized cardiac...

Table 34.2 Nomenclature for pAMR...

CHAPTER 35

Table 35.1 Comparison between CAV...

Table 35.2 ISHLT 2010 CAV...

Table 35.3 Stanford classification of...

CHAPTER 36

Table 36.1 Immunization recommendations for...

Table 36.2 Donor and candidate...

Table 36.3 Pathogens reported to...

Table 36.4 Clinical manifestations, diagnosis...

Table 36.5 Clinical manifestations, diagnosis...

Table 36.6 Clinical manifestations, diagnosis...

Table 36.7 Overview of selected...

Table 36.8 Overview of selected...

Table 36.9 Infectious causes of...

CHAPTER 40

Table 40.1 Etiology of CS...

Table 40.2 Clinical pharmacology and...

CHAPTER 45

Table 45.1 Criteria for defining...

Table 45.2 Trials of mechanical...

CHAPTER 46

Table 46.1 Outline of landmark...

CHAPTER 48

Table 48.1 Risk factors, prevention...

CHAPTER 49

Table 49.1 INTERMACS criteria for...

Table 49.2 Severity of RVF...

Table 49.3 RV parameters associated...

Table 49.4 RVF: risk predictor...

CHAPTER 50

Table 50.1 Currently available LVADs...

CHAPTER 51

Table 51.1 Indications for the...

CHAPTER 52

Table 52.1 Echocardiographic parameters correlated...

CHAPTER 53

Table 53.1 Comparison between minimally...

Table 53.2 Characteristics and outcomes...

CHAPTER 54

Table 54.1 Select studies of...

Table 54.2 Select studies of...

Table 54.3 Select studies of...

Table 54.4 Select studies of...

CHAPTER 56

Table 56.1 Vasoplegic syndrome and...

Table 56.2 Potential complications specific...

CHAPTER 57

Table 57.1 Overview of second...

Table 57.2 Predischarge TTE components...

CHAPTER 59

Table 59.1 Domains to be...

Table 59.2 The psychosocial evaluation...

CHAPTER 62

Table 62.1 Summary of results...

CHAPTER 63

Table 63.1 STS/INTERMACS definition...

Table 63.2 STS/INTERMACS definition...

CHAPTER 65

Table 65.1 MCS device types...

Table 65.2 Classification of infection...

Table 65.3 Summary of all...

Table 65.4 Microbiology genus and...

Table 65.5 Criteria for the...

Table 65.6 Criteria for the...

Table 65.7 Definitions of VAD...

CHAPTER 67

Table 67.1 Stroke incidence in...

Table 67.2 Modified Rankin scale...

CHAPTER 69

Table 69.1 Summary of key...

Table 69.2 Echocardiographic parameters used...

CHAPTER 70

Table 70.1 Roles and responsibilities...

CHAPTER 73

Table 73.1 Examples of ML...

CHAPTER 74

Table 74.1 Factors associated with...

Table 74.2 Factors influencing early...

Table 74.3 Relative contraindications to...

CHAPTER 75

Table 75.1 GOLD classification of...

Table 75.2 Recommended use of...

Table 75.3 Common drugs and...

Table 75.4 Description of WHO...

Table 75.5 Revised American Thoracic...

CHAPTER 76

Table 76.1 Absolute contraindications...

Table 76.3 Criteria for selection...

CHAPTER 78

Table 78.1 PHS risk criteria...

CHAPTER 79

Table 79.1 Factors included in...

CHAPTER 80

Table 80.1 Criteria for priority...

Table 80.2 Demographic characteristics of...

CHAPTER 81

Table 81.1 SRD criteria...

CHAPTER 82

Table 82.1 Maastricht categories for...

Table 82.2 Selection criteria for...

Table 82.3 Comparison of EVLP...

Table 82.4 XVIVO and OCS...

CHAPTER 83

Table 83.1 DCD milestones proposed...

CHAPTER 85

Table 85.1 Indications for lung...

Table 85.2 Standard evaluation for...

Table 85.3 Common inotropic and...

CHAPTER 87

Table 87.1 ISHLT grading of...

Table 87.2 Pathologic grading of...

Table 87.3 Grading of BOS...

CHAPTER 89

Table 89.1 The 2016 ISHLT...

Table 89.2 Potential risk factors...

Table 89.3 PGD and clinical...

Table 89.4 Trials of induction...

Table 89.5 Proposed cyclosporine C2...

CHAPTER 90

Table 90.1 Adverse effects of...

Table 90.3 Lung transplant follow...

Table 90.2 Summary of educational...

CHAPTER 91

Table 91.1 Morphological changes in...

Table 91.2 Pathological A-grade...

Table 91.3 Pathological B-grade...

Table 91.4 Histopathological changes warranting...

Table 91.5 Basic phenotypes of...

Table 91.6 CLAD staging [97...

CHAPTER 92

Table 92.1 Infectious disease screening...

Table 92.2 Geographically restricted infectious...

Table 92.3 Vaccination recommendations for...

Table 92.4 Vaccination recommendations for...

Table 92.5 Recommendations for pneumococcal...

Table 92.6 ATS/IDSA criteria...

Table 92.7 Pathogens reported to...

Table 92.8 Anti-infectives and...

Table 92.9 Anti-infectives and...

CHAPTER 94

Table 94.1 Neurological sequelae observed...

Table 94.2 Risk factors for...

Table 94.3 Categories of post...

Table 94.4 Causes of early...

Table 94.5 Causes of early...

Table 94.6 Risk factors for...

Table 94.7 Summary of URs...

Table 94.8 Known causes for...

CHAPTER 96

Table 96.1 Selected randomized trials...

Table 96.2 Selected randomized trials...

Table 96.3 Institution-specific protocols...

Table 96.4 Tolerance to lung...

List of Illustrations

CHAPTER 01

Figure 1.1 Actuarial survival probabilities...

CHAPTER 03

Figure 3.1 A) Centrifugal blood...

Figure 3.2 CF rotary pump...

Figure 3.3 CF rotary pump...

Figure 3.4 CF rotary pump...

Figure 3.5 Pressure–flow...

Figure 3.6 A) With a...

Figure 3.7 Flow through a...

Figure 3.8 A) Circulation in...

Figure 3.9 Cycling between series...

Figure 3.10 Relationship between pump...

Figure 3.11 Relationship between power...

CHAPTER 04

Figure 4.1 Breakdown of the...

Figure 4.2 Oversight and regulations...

Figure 4.3 OPO service areas...

Figure 4.4 Computerized matching algorithms...

Figure 4.5 Adult and pediatric...

Figure 4.6 Toward a new...

Figure 4.7 Total heart transplants...

Figure 4.8 Map of Canada...

Figure 4.9 Number of heart...

Figure 4.10 Transplant centers in...

Figure 4.11 Comparison of actuarial...

CHAPTER 05

Figure 5.1 Multiple sources of...

Figure 5.2 Competing outcomes for...

Figure 5.3 Adult heart transplant...

Figure 5.4 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 5.5 Percentage of patients...

Figure 5.6 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 5.7 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 5.8 Survival in isolated...

CHAPTER 08

Figure 8.1 Gene map of...

Figure 8.2 Schematic view of...

Figure 8.3 Generation of peptide...

CHAPTER 09

Figure 9.1 HLA genetic system...

Figure 9.2 Histocompatibility testing. HLA...

Figure 9.3 Monitoring HLA antibody...

Figure 9.4 Monitoring HLA antibody...

CHAPTER 10

Figure 10.1 Mechanisms of DSA...

Figure 10.2 Proposed framework for...

CHAPTER 11

Figure 11.1 Molecular basis for...

Figure 11.2 Direct versus indirect...

Figure 11.3 Molecular mechanisms of...

Figure 11.4 Mechanisms of rejection...

Figure 11.5 Schematic of the...

CHAPTER 12

Figure 12.1 Diagnosis prior to...

CHAPTER 14

Figure 14.1 Summary of the...

CHAPTER 15

Figure 15.1 High mortality associated...

Figure 15.2 Survival free of...

Figure 15.3 Assessment of patients...

Figure 15.4 Advantages and disadvantages...

Figure 15.5 Decisions about advanced...

CHAPTER 16

Figure 16.1 Areas of optimization...

CHAPTER 17

Figure 17.1 Relationship between the...

Figure 17.2 Post-transplant survival...

Figure 17.3 Six-month mortality...

Figure 17.4 Overall waitlist (WL...

Figure 17.5 Two-year post...

Figure 17.6 Variation in regional...

Figure 17.7 Significant decrease in...

Figure 17.8 Six-month patient...

Figure 17.9A A status 1A...

Figure 17.9B A status 3...

CHAPTER 19

Figure 19.1 Factors influencing transplant...

Figure 19.2 Framework for assessment...

CHAPTER 20

Figure 20.1 Relationship of structures...

Figure 20.2 Identification of Sondergaard...

Figure 20.3 The apex retracted...

Figure 20.4 The tissue left...

Figure 20.5 Process of controlled...

Figure 20.6 Summary of DCD...

Figure 20.7 Schematic images of...

Figure 20.8 Consideration of expected...

Figure 20.9 The OCS is...

CHAPTER 21

Figure 21.1 Key time points...

Figure 21.2 Diagram of OCS...

Figure 21.3 Kaplan–Meier...

CHAPTER 22

Figure 22.1 A phone tree...

CHAPTER 24

Figure 24.1 2019 ISHLT data...

Figure 24.2 ISHLT data depicting...

Figure 24.3 Site of action...

CHAPTER 25

Figure 25.1 Transplanted heart using...

Figure 25.2 Caval anastomoses. Not...

Figure 25.3 Donor heart for...

Figure 25.4 Donor heart for...

Figure 25.5 Recipient atrial cuffs...

Figure 25.6 Left atrial anastomosis...

Figure 25.7 A) Starting the...

Figure 25.8 Caval–caval...

Figure 25.9 Atrial flap technique...

Figure 25.10 The posterior right...

Figure 25.11 Heterotopic biventricular assist...

Figure 25.12 Left ventricular assist...

CHAPTER 27

Figure 27.1 Classification and severity...

Figure 27.2 Percutaneous RVAD utilizing...

Figure 27.3 Surgically implanted BiVADs...

Figure 27.4 Insertion strategies for...

CHAPTER 28

Figure 28.1 Prophylactic De Vega...

Figure 28.2 Sizing the prophylactic...

CHAPTER 29

Figure 29.1 Following extraction of...

Figure 29.2 The tracheal anastomosis...

Figure 29.3 Kaplan–Meier...

CHAPTER 30

Figure 30.1 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 30.2 Patient survival following...

Figure 30.3 Freedom from rejection...

CHAPTER 33

Figure 33.1 Adult heart transplants...

CHAPTER 34

Figure 34.1 Percentage of recipients...

Figure 34.2 A) Grade 1...

Figure 34.3 A) Grade 2...

Figure 34.4 A) Grade 3...

Figure 34.5 Photomicrographs show morphologic...

Figure 34.6 Categories of pAMR...

CHAPTER 35

Figure 35.1 Pathophysiology of CAV...

Figure 35.2 Histology of allograft...

Figure 35.3 Coronary angiography demonstrating...

Figure 35.4 IVUS imaging of...

CHAPTER 36

Figure 36.1 Timeline of infections...

Figure 36.2 Brain abscess in...

Figure 36.3 Chest computed tomography...

CHAPTER 37

Figure 37.1 Freedom from malignancy...

Figure 37.2 Spectrum of post...

Figure 37.3 Malignancies post transplant...

Figure 37.4 Survival in adult...

CHAPTER 38

Figure 38.4 Toxoplasmosis encephalitis after...

CHAPTER 39

Figure 39.1 Changes in quality...

CHAPTER 40

Figure 40.1 Descriptors of shock...

Figure 40.2 Current concept of...

Figure 40.3 Potential hemodynamic presentations...

Figure 40.4 In-hospital survival...

Figure 40.5 Institutional CS algorithm...

Figure 40.6 Externalized cannulas for...

CHAPTER 42

Figure 42.1 ProtekDuo TandemHeart Platform...

CHAPTER 43

Figure 43.1 The SAVE score...

Figure 43.2 Starling curves for...

Figure 43.3 Left: LV pressure...

Figure 43.4 VA-V ECMO...

Figure 43.5 Suggested ECMO weaning...

CHAPTER 44

Figure 44.1 Decision tree for...

Figure 44.2 (A) Using two...

Figure 44.3 Survival based on...

CHAPTER 45

Figure 45.1 The vicious cycle...

Figure 45.2 Survival of patients...

Figure 45.3 National CS Initiative...

Figure 45.4 Levels of CS...

CHAPTER 46

Figure 46.1 The main LVASs...

Figure 46.2 Baseline patient characteristics...

Figure 46.3 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 46.5 Kaplan-Meier estimates...

Figure 46.6 Comparative adverse effects...

Figure 46.7 Minimally invasive sternal...

Figure 46.8 Schematic diagram of...

Figure 46.9 Survival analysis from..]

Figure 46.10 Adverse effect profile...

Figure 46.4 Outcomes for 133...

CHAPTER 47

Figure 47.1 Flowchart outlining the...

CHAPTER 48

Figure 48.1 Multiple factors are...

Figure 48.2 Classification of infections...

CHAPTER 49

Figure 49.1 Off-pump anastomosis...

Figure 49.2 Normal LV and...

Figure 49.3 Intraoperative factors leading...

Figure 49.4 Video of typical...

Figure 49.5 Video of RV...

Figure 49.6 Intraoperative still frame...

Figure 49.7 Still frame of...

Figure 49.8 Down-sloping ETCO2...

CHAPTER 50

Figure 50.1 Axial versus centrifugal...

Figure 50.2 HeartMate II LVAD...

Figure 50.3 Jarvik 2000 LVAD...

Figure 50.4 HeartAssist 5/aVAD...

Figure 50.5 Berlin Heart Incor...

Figure 50.6 HeartWare HVAD. Representation...

CHAPTER 51

Figure 51.1 SynCardia TAH...

Figure 51.3 Hospital cart with...

Figure 51.4 A) Freedom Driver...

Figure 51.5 A) Air pressure...

Figure 51.6 Competing outcomes depiction...

Figure 51.7 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 51.8 Predicted probability of...

Figure 51.9 C-TAH.Source...

Figure 51.10 C-TAH—...

Figure 51.11 C-TAH—...

Figure 51.12 C-TAH—...

Figure 51.13 C-TAH—...

Figure 51.14 BiVACOR TAH.Source...

CHAPTER 52

Figure 52.1 A) Fibers of...

Figure 52.2 LVAD support either...

Figure 52.3 These postoperative computed...

Figure 52.4 After ventriculectomy, the...

Figure 52.5 Overall survival of...

CHAPTER 53

Figure 53.1 LVAD implantation through...

Figure 53.2 Intraoperative view of...

CHAPTER 54

Figure 54.1 Recommendations for concomitant...

Figure 54.2 Adjusted survival curves...

Figure 54.3 Pledgetted 4–...

Figure 54.4 Native AV closure...

Figure 54.5 Early (A) and...

Figure 54.6 Concomitant cardiac valvular...

CHAPTER 55

Figure 55.1 A 2.5...

Figure 55.2 The six available...

Figure 55.3 Flow diagram delineating...

Figure 55.4 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 55.5 Flow diagram illustrating...

Figure 55.6 PediMACS Kaplan–...

CHAPTER 56

Figure 56.1 Systemic protocol approach...

CHAPTER 57

Figure 57.1 Initial hemodynamic management...

CHAPTER 58

Figure 58.1 Sample patient discharge...

CHAPTER 59

Figure 59.1 Iterative, multiphase psychosocial...

CHAPTER 60

Figure 60.1 Arterial pressure waveforms...

Figure 60.2 Treatment algorithm for...

Figure 60.3 Log file analysis...

CHAPTER 61

Figure 61.1 Flow-dependent changes...

Figure 61.2 Flow (Q) compared...

Figure 61.3 3D endocardial surfaces...

Figure 61.4 Plot of individual...

Figure 61.5 A) Readmission-free...

Figure 61.6 Relationship between LV...

Figure 61.7 A) Kaplan–...

Figure 61.8 Schema of hemodynamic...

CHAPTER 62

Figure 62.1 LVADs are placed...

Figure 62.2 Serial echocardiographic changes...

Figure 62.3 Serial echocardiographic changes...

Figure 62.4 Highest LVEF achieved...

Figure 62.5 Indices of reverse...

Figure 62.6 Flow chart showing...

CHAPTER 63

Figure 63.1 Risk of early...

Figure 63.2 Receiver operating characteristics...

Figure 63.3 Receiver operating characteristic...

Figure 63.4 Bayesian model for...

Figure 63.5 Management of RVF...

Figure 63.6 Quality of life...

Figure 63.7 The Mechanical Circulatory...

Figure 63.8 Loess curves of...

CHAPTER 64

Figure 64.1 Two-hit hypothesis...

Figure 64.2 Characteristic pattern of...

Figure 64.3 Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia develops...

Figure 64.4 LVAD-associated vWF...

Figure 64.5 VWF as a...

CHAPTER 65

Figure 65.1 VAD-related and...

Figure 65.2 Non-VAD infections...

Figure 65.3 Cumulative rehospitalizations by...

Figure 65.4 Freedom from first...

Figure 65.5 Scanning electron micrograph...

Figure 65.6 Double tunneling technique...

Figure 65.7 The Jarvik 2000...

Figure 65.8 Example of driveline...

Figure 65.9 Superficial chronic DLI...

Figure 65.10 A) HVAD inflow...

Figure 65.11 Metallic scatter artifact...

Figure 65.12 LVAD pocket abscess...

Figure 65.13 Example of a...

Figure 65.14 Mayo Clinic guidelines...

Figure 65.15 Treatment of LVAD...

Figure 65.16 Patient survival after...

Figure 65.17 Impact of heart...

Figure 65.18 Effect of VAD...

CHAPTER 66

Figure 66.1 Schematic representation of...

Figure 66.2 Intraoperative image depicting...

CHAPTER 67

Figure 67.1 Cerebral autoregulation under...

Figure 67.2 Freedom from stroke...

Figure 67.3 NIHSS scale.Source...

Figure 67.4 Proposed treatment algorithm...

Figure 67.5 Proposed phone screening...

CHAPTER 68

Figure 68.1 Mean eGFR over...

Figure 68.2 Relationship between early...

Figure 68.3 Effect of increasing...

Figure 68.4 Comparative effects of...

CHAPTER 69

Figure 69.1 Color Doppler imaging...

Figure 69.2 AI patterns in...

CHAPTER 70

Figure 70.1 CMS facility requirement...

Figure 70.2 Program leadership...

Figure 70.4 Vision, mission, and...

Figure 70.5 Interdisciplinary team...

Figure 71.3 CorWave is an...

Figure 71.4 Leviticus Cardio CET...

Figure 71.5 HeartWare MVAD pump...

Figure 71.6 CircuLite Synergy system...

Figure 71.7 Left: aVAD pump...

CHAPTER 72

Figure 72.1 Combination of cell...

Figure 72.2 Major gene therapy...

CHAPTER 73

Figure 73.1 An example of...

Figure 73.2 Layout of deep...

Figure 73.3 Evaluation of performance...

Figure 73.4 Example of a...

Figure 73.5 Example of an...

Figure 73.6 Metrics used to...

Figure 73.7 BN predicting mortality...

Figure 73.8 Example of hierarchical...

Figure 73.9 Visualization showing transference...

CHAPTER 74

Figure 74.1 Theoretical construct of...

CHAPTER 75

Figure 75.1 Spiration valve...

Figure 75.3 Prevalence of respiratory...

Figure 75.4 Mechanisms of medications...

CHAPTER 76

Figure 76.1 John H. Gibbon...

Figure 76.2 Various ECMO configurations...

CHAPTER 77

Figure 77.1 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 77.2 Example of a...

Figure 77.3 Duke speech pathology...

CHAPTER 80

Figure 80.1 Trends in the...

CHAPTER 81

Figure 81.1 Bronchoscopy findings. A...

Figure 81.2 EVLP assessment of...

CHAPTER 82

Figure 82.1 Prior to extubation...

Figure 82.2 The TransMedics Organ...

Figure 82.3 The XVIVO Perfusion...

CHAPTER 83

Figure 83.1 Numbers of DCD...

Figure 83.2 The XPS is...

Figure 83.3 The OCS Lung...

Figure 83.4 PVR (upper) and...

Figure 83.5 Decreasing mPAP (A...

Figure 83.6 Differences in hemodynamics...

Figure 83.7 Improvement in vascular...

Figure 83.8 DCD transplants experienced...

Figure 83.9 PGD grade 3...

Figure 83.10 The objective performance...

CHAPTER 86

Figure 86.1 Patient positioning for...

Figure 86.2 The approach for...

Figure 86.3 View of the...

Figure 86.4 Bronchial anastomosis...

Figure 86.6 Left atrial anastomosis...

CHAPTER 87

Figure 87.1 Number of transplants...

Figure 87.2 The chest, abdomen...

Figure 87.3 Clamshell incision or...

Figure 87.4 Bronchial anastomosis performed...

Figure 87.5 A 4–...

Figure 87.6 Proper orientation is...

Figure 87.7 Sternal approximation using...

Figure 87.8 Kaplan–Meier...

CHAPTER 89

Figure 89.1 International Society for...

Figure 89.2 Chest radiography in...

Figure 89.3 Chest X-ray...

Figure 89.4 ISHLT Registry adult...

Figure 89.5 Effect of donor...

Figure 89.6 Induction therapy utilization...

Figure 89.7 Adult lung transplantation...

CHAPTER 90

Figure 90.1 Rates of induction...

Figure 90.2 A) Normal-looking...

Figure 90.3 Stenosis. A) Before...

Figure 90.4 Balloon dilatation. A...

Figure 90.5 A) Severe stenosis...

Figure 90.6 Metal stent in...

Figure 90.7 Transbronchial cryobiopsy. A...

Figure 90.8 Chest X-ray...

Figure 90.9 CT axial view...

Figure 90.10 Right lung nodule...

CHAPTER 91

Figure 91.1 Grade A2 cellular...

Figure 91.2 Grade A3 cellular...

Figure 91.3 Grade 1R bronchiolar...

Figure 91.4 AMR with neutrophilic...

Figure 91.5 Immunohistochemistry demonstrating C4d...

Figure 91.6 Classification of AMR...

Figure 91.7 Obliterative bronchiolitis with...

Figure 91.8 Total loss of...

Figure 91.9 A) H&...

CHAPTER 95

Figure 95.1 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 95.2 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 95.3 Kaplan–Meier...

Figure 95.4 Relation of 6MWD...

Figure 95.5 Long-term functional...

Figure 95.6 Determinants of survival...

Figure 95.7 Short-form (SF...

Figure 95.8 FEV1 (percentage of...

Figure 95.9 Survival after LT...

Figure 95.10 Nomogram of multivariable...

Figure 95.11 Change in lung...

CHAPTER 96

Figure 96.1 Human lungs after...

Figure 96.2 Neonatal tolerance...

Figure 96.4 General strategy used...

CHAPTER 97

Figure 97.1 Genetic modifications designed...

Figure 97.2 10-gene edited...

Guide

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Table of Contents

Editors’ Dedications

Introduction

List of Contributors

Begin Reading

Index

Index

End User License Agreement

Pages

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

vii

viii

ix

x

xi

xii

xiii

xiv

xv

xvi

xvii

xviii

xix

xx

xxi

xxii

xxiii

xxiv

xxv

xxvi

xxvii

xxviii

xxix

xxx

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

462

463

464

465

466

467

468

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

477

478

479

480

481

482

483

484

485

486

487

488

489

490

491

492

493

494

495

496

497

498

499

500

501

502

503

504

505

506

507

508

509

510

511

512

513

514

515

516

517

518

519

520

521

522

523

524

525

526

527

528

529

530

531

532

533

534

535

536

537

538

539

540

541

542

543

544

545

546

547

548

549

550

551

552

553

554

555

556

557

558

559

560

561

562

563

564

565

566

567

568

569

570

571

572

573

574

575

576

577

578

579

580

581

582

583

584

585

586

587

588

589

590

591

592

593

594

595

596

597

598

599

600

601

602

603

604

605

606

607

608

609

610

611

612

613

614

615

616

617

618

619

620

621

622

623

624

625

626

627

628

629

630

631

632

633

634

635

636

637

638

639

640

641

642

643

644

645

646

647

648

649

650

651

652

653

654

655

656

657

658

659

660

661

662

663

664

665

666

667

668

669

670

671

672

673

674

675

676

677

678

679

680

681

682

683

684

685

686

687

688

689

690

691

692

693

694

695

696

697

698

699

700

701

702

703

704

705

706

707

708

709

710

711

712

713

714

715

716

717

718

719

720

721

722

723

724

725

726

727

728

729

730

731

732

733

734

735

736

737

738

739

740

741

742

743

744

745

746

747

748

749

750

751

752

753

754

755

756

757

758

759

760

761

762

763

764

765

766

767

768

769

770

771

772

773

774

775

776

777

778

779

780

781

782

783

784

785

786

787

788

789

790

791

792

793

794

795

796

797

798

799

800

801

802

803

804

805

806

807

808

809

810

811

812

813

814

815

816

817

818

819

820

821

822

823

824

825

826

827

828

829

830

831

832

833

834

835

836

837

838

839

840

841

842

843

844

845

846

847

848

849

850

851

852

853

854

855

856

857

858

859

860

861

862

863

864

865

866

867

868

869

870

871

872

873

874

875

876

877

878

879

880

881

882

883

884

885

886

887

888

889

890

891

892

893

894

895

896

897

898

899

900

901

902

903

904

905

906

907

908

909

910

911

912

913

914

915

916

917

918

919

920

921

922

923

924

925

926

927

928

929

930

931

932

933

934

935

936

937

938

939

940

941

942

943

944

945

946

947

948

949

950

951

952

953

954

955

956

957

958

959

960

961

962

963

964

965

966

967

968

969

970

971

972

973

974

975

976

977

978

979

980

981

982

983

984

985

986

987

988

989

990

991

992

993

994

995

996

997

998

999

1000

1001

1002

1003

1004

1005

1006

1007

1008

1009

1010

1011

1012

1013

1014

1015

1016

1017

1018

1019

1020

1021

1022

1023

1024

1025

1026

1027

1028

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1038

1039

1040

1041

1042

1043

1044

1045

1046

1047

1048

1049

1050

1051

1052

1053

1054

1055

1056

1057

1058

1059

1060

1061

1062

1063

1064

1065

1066

1067

1068

1069

1070

1071

1072

1073

1074

1075

1076

1077

1078

1079

1080

1081

1082

1083

1084

1085

1086

1087

1088

1089

1090

1091

1092

1093

1094

1095

1096

1097

1098

1099

1100

1101

1102

1103

1104

1105

1106

1107

1108

1109

1110

1111

1112

1113

1114

1115

1116

1117

1118

1119

1120

1121

1122

1123

1124

1125

1126

1127

1128

1129

1130

1131

1132

1133

1134

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139

1140

1141

1142

1143

1144

1145

1146

1147

1148

1149

1150

1151

1152

1153

1154

1155

1156

1157

1158

1159

1160

1161

1162

1163

1164

1165

1166

1167

1168

1169

1170

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

1176

1177

1178

1179

1180

1181

1182

1183

1184

1185

1186

1187

1188

1189

1190

1191

1192

1193

1194

1195

1196

1197

1198

1199

1200

1201

1202

1203

1204

1205

1206

1207

1208

1209

1210

1211

1212

1213

1214

1215

1216

1217

1218

1219

1220

1221

1222

1223

1224

1225

1226

1227

1228

1229

1230

1231

1232

1233

1234

1235

1236

1237

1238

1239

1240

1241

1242

1243

1244

1245

1246

1247

1248

1249

1250

1251

1252

1253

1254

1255

1256

1257

1258

1259

1260

1261

1262

1263

1264

1265

1266

1267

1268

1269

1270

1271

1272

1273

1274

1275

1276

1277

1278

1279

1280

1281

1282

1283

1284

1285

1286

1287

1288

1289

1290

1291

1292

1293

1294

1295

1296

1297

1298

1299

1300

1301

1302

1303

1304

1305

1306

1307

1308

1309

1310

1311

1312

1313

1314

1315

1316

1317

1318

1319

1320

1321

1322

1323

1324

1325

1326

1327

1328

1329

1330

1331

1332

1333

1334

1335

1336

1337

1338

1339

1340

1341

1342

1343

1344

1345

1346

1347

1348

1349

1350

1351

1352

1353

1354

1355

1356

1357

1358

1359

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1369

1370

1371

1372

1373

1374

1375

1376

1377

1378

1379

1380

1381

1382

1383

1384

1385

1386

1387

1388

1389

1390

1391

1392

1393

1394

1395

1396

1397

1398

1399

1400

1401

1402

1403

1404

1405

1406

1407

1408

1409

1410

1411

1412

1413

1414

1415

1416

1417

1418

1419

1420

1421

1422

1423

1424

1425

1426

1427

1428

1429

1430

1431

1432

1433

1434

1435

1436

1437

1438

1439

1440

1441

1442

1443

1444

1445

1446

1447

1448

1449

1450

1451

1452

1453

1454

Editors’ Dedications

Yaron D. BaracTo Shikma, Hadar, Mika, and Jonathan for their never-ending love and understanding that make my world go around. To my parents and parents in law for their belief, love, and support. In memory of my grandparents Sarah and Abraham Dreshman (a heart failure patient), who survived the holocaust and have built a home and family in Israel.

Scott C. SilvestryTo Alison—without whom, nothing is possible. To my co-editors—thank you for the wisdom, enthusiasm, and patience to complete this project.

Mani A. DaneshmandTo Shannon, Ramin, Ali, Parvin, and Mahmoud my sincerest appreciation for your support and love.

Daniel J. GoldsteinTo Stephanie, Jeremy, and Benjamin my heartfelt gratitude for your support, love, and infinite patience.

Introduction

In this digital era of immediately accessible information and Wikipedia-ism—of knowledge with shorter expiration dates—one may genuinely question the need for a comprehensive medical textbook, regardless of publishing format. Those of us in clinical practice for more than a few years still wistfully recall the purchase of the major physical textbooks in our fields, written by key opinion leaders we admired. These books were the source of encyclopedic clinical data adorned by summary tables and graphs that would allow us to prepare for tests, enhance a grand round presentation, or serve as a starting point for research projects. And we would proudly display their voluminous spines on our library shelves, much like an athlete displays their medals and trophies.

And with time these books became us, their facts novel at first, then widely used, and now sewn into our fabric of clinical practices. And with further time, we passed our version of the information they imparted to us to our students, trainees, colleagues, and partners. Our own transplant textbooks have become old and patinaed, relegated to the display case. And so, we thought, it was time to take the baton and collect the knowledge of the clinical practices of our field, coalesce it, and pass it on along to start again.

The production of a good medical textbook requires defining the relevant content and convening a group of niche experts to lend their keyboards to create expert content. The process is invariably arduous and marked by passing deadlines, unanswered emails, endless permissions-to-reprint, edits and re-edits, and the distinct knowledge that the mandatory publication lag will fail to capture the latest trial or the newest guidelines. And yet, despite these unavoidable realities, we feel that there is a need for a source of foundational knowledge that culls the practice of advanced heart and lung disease over different clinical environments, populations, geographies, and constraints. Given the breadth of the fields covered, this task cannot be accomplished in a review paper or even a dedicated journal issue. Those scholarly projects are different in scope and vision. The subject matter covered in this two-volume tome comprises the most resource intensive, costly, and life-altering therapies available in medicine and surgery, and as such, deserves the input and collaborative effort of the clinical leaders that are at the forefront of creating and sharing this foundational knowledge with those of us immersed in this tremendously rewarding and challenging field. From nascent developments like donation after circulatory death to new organ preservation strategies, from transplantation in sensitized patients to the clinical reality of xenotransplantation, and from cardiogenic shock teams to the challenges in durable mechanical support, it is here, delivered by a critical mass of expertise. So, whether you prefer the nostalgia of a physical book and the feel and smell of flipping pages or you are attracted to the portability and searchability of an e-reader, we strongly believe you will find this textbook to be an invaluable source of the most comprehensive material in the field.

The Editors

We have a hunger of the mind which asks for knowledge of all around us, and the more we gain, the more is our desire; the more we see, the more we are capable of seeing.

Maria Mitchell

List of Contributors

Keith D. Aaronson, MD, MSDepartment of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Cardiovascular Center Ann Arbor MI

Michael J. Absalon, MD, PhDDepartment of Pediatrics in the School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University, Medford, OR

Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH

Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH

Robert Adamson, MDDirector, Cardiac Transplantation and Mechanical Support, Sharp Memorial HospitalSan Diego, CA

Sophia Airhart, MD, FACCMedical Director, Heart Failure, Mechanical Circulatory Support and Pulmonary Hypertension Saint Alphonsus Health SystemBoise, ID

Amit Alam, MDCenter for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease Baylor University Medical Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX

David D’Alessandro, MDDivision of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC

Shudhanshu Alishetti, MDDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell UniversityNew York, NY

Mark B. Anderson, MD, MHA, FACSDepartment of Cardiac Surgery Hackensack University Medical CenterHackensack, NJ

Jim Antaki, PhDMeinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY

Francisco Arabia, MDProfessor, Surgery and Medicine, Banner-University of Arizona–Phoenix, Physician Executive Advanced Heart ProgramsPhoenix, AZ

Dan Aravot, MDDivision of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel

Abbas Ardehali, MD, FACSProfessor, Surgery and Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, William E. Connor Endowed Chair, Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Director UCLA Heart, Lung, and Heart–Lung Transplant Programs, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA

Awais Ashfaq, MDCongenital Heart Surgery Fellow, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH

Karoun H. Bagamian, PhDAffiliate Faculty, University of Florida Bagamian Scientific ConsultingGainesville, FL

Keki R. Balsara, MDMedStar Heart and Vascular InstituteWashington, DC

Yaron D. Barac, MD, PhDAssociate Professor of Surgery and Cardiovascular Physiology Director; Heart and Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support ProgramsDirector; The Cardiothoracic Surgery Translational Research Lab The Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel

David A. Baran, MDSection Head, Heart Failure, Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Cleveland Clinic Heart Vascular and Thoracic InstituteWeston, FL

Markus J. Barten, MDDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburg, Germany

Carlo R. Bartoli, MD, PhDDivision of Cardiothoracic Surgery Geisinger Heart InstituteDanville, PA

David C. Becerra, MDCenter for Transplantation Sciences Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA

Binyamin Ben Avraham, MDHeart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel

Tuvia Ben Gal, MDHeart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel

Amit I. Bery, MDInstructor, Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Washington University in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO

Ankit Bharat, MDDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO

Reshma Biniwale, MDAssociate Professor, Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA

Abbas Bitar, MDDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular CenterAnn Arbor, MI

Jamil F. Borgi, MDMontefiore Medical Center, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Montefiore Greene Medical Arts PavilionBronx, NY

Brandi Bottiger, MDDivision of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Duke UniversityDurham, NC

Karl Bounader, MDDepartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery University Hospital of RennesRennes, France

Robert Bowen, MD, MPHAssistant Professor, Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. Louis, MO

Daniel C. Brennan, MD, FACPProfessor, Medicine, Division of Nephrology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineMedical Director, The Comprehensive Transplant CenterBaltimore, MD

Meredith A. Brisco-Bacik, MD, MSCEThe Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA

Daniel Burkhoff, MDDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York, NY

Margarita Camacho, MDDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Newark Beth Israel Medical CenterNewark, NJ

Pedro Catarino, MDDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Cedars-SinaiLos Angeles, CA

Nicholas C. Cavarocchi, MDProfessor Emeritus, Surgery, AdventHealthOrlando, FL

Lourdes I. Chacon, MDDepartment of Regenerative Medicine Research Texas Heart InstituteHouston, TX

Grace Chan, MB, MRCPI, FRCPathClinical Microbiology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin, Ireland

Satish Chandrashekaran, MDDepartment of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, McKelvey Lung Transplant Center Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA

Sandra Chaparro, MDDirector, Advanced Heart Failure Program Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute Baptist Health South FloridaMiami, FL

Christina Cheyne, MSDivision of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY

Yuting P. Chiang, MDDivision of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular SurgeryDepartment of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York, NY

Clifford Chin, MDDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH

Heart Institute Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH

Stephen Chiu, MDDivision of Thoracic Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL

Paolo C. Colombo, MD, FACCDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York, NY

Hannah Copeland, MD, FACS, FACCSurgical Director, Heart Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Director, ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation), Lutheran HospitalAssistant Professor, Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine–Fort WayneFort Wayne, IN

Jack G. Copeland, MDProfessor Emeritus, Surgery, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ

Guillaume Coutance, MD, PhDDepartment of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Cardiology Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Sorbonne University Medical School, Paris, France

INSERM UMR 970, Paris Translational Research Centre for Organ TransplantationParis, France

Jennifer Cowger, MD, MSHenry Ford HospitalDetroit, MI

Heidi Craddock, MSN, FMPCardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

Barnes Jewish HospitalSt. Louis, MO

Maria C. Creel, MDDepartment of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA

Mani A. Daneshmand, MD