The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering and Contract Administration E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 660

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

This key text for the building team is an authoritative guide and gives a detailed account of the team's roles and responsibilities, with best industry practice required to ensure that building projects meet clients' expectations on time, cost and quality. The second edition of The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering and Contract Administration has been edited, enlarged and updated by a high-profile author team with unparalleled experience of both private and public sectors, as well as of teaching on QS courses. It covers the entire building process from inception to final account and throughout, the emphasis is on current best practice. This edition has new material on the CDM regulations; JCT contracts; the RIBA Plan of Work; the RICS New Rules of Measurement; BIM; and Sustainability - as well as a general update for industry changes, especially on procurement; internationalisation; and PFI. With clear and thorough explanations, you are taken through self-contained chapters covering the detail of the briefing stage, procurement methods, tendering procedures, and contract administration. The period from starting a college course to successful completion of professional examinations represents a long and steep learning curve. The range of skills and the knowledge required to perform work efficiently and effectively might, at first, seem rather daunting. Although designed as an introductory textbook for undergraduates in construction, architecture and quantity surveying, The Aqua Group Guide offers an excellent overview of contract administration and will provide you with sufficient understanding to hold you in good stead for your early years in professional practice.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Part I: Briefing the Project Team

Chapter 1: The Project Team

Introduction

Parties to a building contract and their supporting teams

Rights, duties and responsibilities

Statutory requirements

Avoiding disputes

Communications

Chapter 2: Assessing the Needs

The structure

The strategic definition

Contribution to the initial project brief

The initial programme

The appointment

Chapter 3: Buildings as Assets

Buildings as assets as well as buildings

Single building or programme?

Buildings as solutions to business challenges?

Everyday solutions-based thinking

Summary

Part II: Available Procurement Methods

Chapter 4: Principles of Procurement

Simple theory – complex practice

The eternal triangle

Other considerations

Entering into the contract

The dynamics of tendering

Chapter 5: Basic Concepts

Economic use of resources

Contractor's contribution to design and contract programme

Production cost savings

Continuity

Risk and accountability

Summary

Chapter 6: Accountability

Background

The modern concept of public accountability

Contract documentation

Proper price

Dispensing with competition

Inflation

Value for money

Summary

Chapter 7: Value and Risk Management

Value management

Risk management

Risk management strategies

Allocating management actions

Value and risk are complementary

Chapter 8: Fixed Price and Cost Reimbursement

Fixed price

Cost reimbursement

Application to contract elements

Fluctuations

Target cost contracts

Use

Programme

Summary

Chapter 9: Fixed Price Contracts

JCT fixed price contracts

Advantages and disadvantages of fixed price contracts

Chapter 10: Cost Reimbursement Contracts

The fee

The prime cost building contract

Advantages and disadvantages of cost reimbursement contracts

Budget and cost control

Administering the contract

Procedure for keeping prime costs

Sub-letting

Defective work

Cost control

Final account

Chapter 11: Target Cost Contracts

Guaranteed maximum price contracts

Competition

Contract

Advantages and disadvantages

Use

Chapter 12: Management and Construction Management Contracts

Payment and cost control

Selection and appointment of the contractor

Contract conditions

Contract administration

Professional advisers

Advantages and disadvantages

Construction management

Use

Programme

Chapter 13: Design and Build Contracts

The contract

Where to use DB (and when not to do so)

Managing the design process

Novation

Evaluation of submissions

Post-contract administration

Financial administration

Programme

Advantages and disadvantages

Chapter 14: Continuity Contracts

Serial contracting

Continuation contracts

Term contracts

Chapter 15: Partnering

A definition

When to adopt a partnering approach

The agreement

JCT Partnering Charter

JCT Framework Agreement

JCT constructing excellence

The partnering workshop

The benefits

The risks

Future of partnering

Chapter 16: EU Procurement

Introduction

The scope of procurement law

The general principles

Procedures

Key principles

Evaluating tenderers

Evaluating tenders

Framework agreements

Contract change

Cancellation of the process

Information obligations debrief and disclosure

Commencing proceedings

Remedies

Complaints to the EU commission and other challenge procedures

Tendering contracts

Notes

Part III: Preparing for and Inviting Tenders

Chapter 17: Procedure from Brief to Tender

Initial brief

Procurement

Detailed design

Programming

Design team meetings

Drawings

Specifications

Bills of quantities

Specialist sub-contractors and suppliers

Quality assurance

Obtaining tenders

Chapter 18: Pre-Contract Cost Control

Introduction

The purpose of pre-contract cost control

Framework for pre-contract estimating

Order of cost estimate

Information used to prepare an order of cost estimate

Treatment of on-costs and other costs in order of cost estimates

Presenting an order of cost estimate

Cost plans

Treatment of on-costs and other costs in cost plans

Presenting a cost plan

Challenges associated with the production of cost plans

Cash flow

Whole life costs

Summary

Notes

Chapter 19: Drawings and Schedules

The language of drawing

The changing role of drawings and documents

Quality

Types, sizes and layout of drawings

Nature and sequence of drawing production

Computer aided design

Project extranets

Contents of drawings

Schedules

Drawings and schedules for records

Notes

Chapter 20: Specifications

The use of specifications

Specification writing

Chapter 21: Building Information Modelling

The BIM revolution – what is BIM, and who/what is it for?

The role of government and its BIM strategy

The levels of BIM adoption

The BIM journey

Level 3 and the future

Epilogue

Notes

Chapter 22: Bills of Quantities

Tender and contract document

The wider role

Basic information

Preliminaries

Preambles

Measured works

Formats

Chapter 23: Sub-contractors

Introduction

Specialist sub-contractors

Design by the sub-contractor

The SBC and sub-contract agreements

Chapter 24: Obtaining Tenders

Introduction

Tender list

Preliminary enquiry

Tender documents and invitation

Tender period

Tender compliance

Late tenders

Opening tenders

Examination and adjustment of the priced document

Negotiated reduction of a tender

Notification of results

Tender analysis

E-Tendering

Part IV: Contract Administration

Chapter 25: Placing the Contract

Preparing and signing the contract documents

Performance bonds and parent company guarantees

Collateral warranties

Third party rights

Issue of documents

Insurances

Chapter 26: Meetings

Initial meeting

Procedure to be followed at subsequent meetings

Contractor's meetings

Employer's meetings

Chapter 27: Site Duties

The architect on site

The architect's duty of inspection and supervision

Considerate constructors scheme

Site safety

Fire precautions on site

Chapter 28: Instructions

Architect/contract administrator's instructions

Clerk of works' directions

Format and distribution of instructions

Chapter 29: Variations and Post-Contract Cost Control

Variations

Valuing variations

Cost control

Chapter 30: Interim Payments

Introduction

Certificates and payments under the SBC

Interim certificates under the SBC

Retention under the SBC

Payments to sub-contractors under the SBC

Value added tax

Valuation and certificate forms

Chapter 31: Completion, Defects and the Final Account

Practical completion

Partial possession

Possession of the building

Defects and making good

Final account

Final certificate

Chapter 32: Delays and Disputes

Introduction

Delays caused by the contractor

Delays caused by the employer or his representatives

Delays caused by events outside the control of either party

SBC procedure in the event of delay

Reimbursement of loss and/or expense under the SBC

Liquidated damages

Disputes and dispute resolution

Chapter 33: An Introduction to Sustainability in Construction

Sustainable development

The regulatory framework for construction

Assessing the sustainability of construction and buildings

Sustainable procurement

Other important issues

References

Chapter 34: Future Trends

Global -v- local

Industry and corporate trends

Opportunities and challenges

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Chapter 2: Assessing the Needs

Figure 2.1 RIBA outline plan of work. Reproduced by permission of Royal Institute of British Architects.

Example 2.1 The initial programme.

Chapter 4: Principles of Procurement

Figure 4.1 The procurement triangle.

Figure 4.2 Variations on the eternal triangle, showing the different priorities.

Example 4.1 Procurement options

Chapter 7: Value and Risk Management

Figure 7.1 Optimising value for money.

Figure 7.2 Opportunities reduce with time.

Figure 7.3 The integrated process of risk and value management.

Chapter 8: Fixed Price and Cost Reimbursement

Figure 8.1 Sequence of events – fixed price and cost reimbursement.

Chapter 11: Target Cost Contracts

Example 11.1 Target cost contract with saving

Example 11.2 Target cost contract with overspend

Example 11.3 Target cost contract with cost saving and overspend

Chapter 12: Management and Construction Management Contracts

Figure 12.1 Differing contractual arrangements.

Figure 12.2 Comparative sequence of events.

Chapter 13: Design and Build Contracts

Figure 13.1 Differing processes compared.

Chapter 15: Partnering

Figure 15.1 The three fundamental characteristics of partnering.

Chapter 18: Pre-Contract Cost Control

Figure 18.1 Constituents of an order of cost estimate.

Figure 18.2 Upper floors element hierarchy.

Figure 18.3 Constituents of a cost plan.

Chapter 19: Drawings and Schedules

Example 19.1 Window schedule

Example 19.2 Door schedule

Example 19.3 Finishings schedule

Example 19.4 Manhole schedule

Chapter 20: Specifications

Figure 20.1 Uniclass section J (RIBA enterprise).

Chapter 21: Building Information Modelling

Figure 21.1 BIM maturity diagram.

Chapter 22: Bills of Quantities

Example 22.1 Uniclass work section bill of quantities

Example 22.2 Locational bill of quantities

Example 22.3 Annotated bills of quantities

Example 22.4 Elemental bills of quantities

Chapter 25: Placing the Contract

Example 25.1 Performance bond

Example 25.2 Parent company guarantee

Chapter 26: Meetings

Example 26.1 Construction programme

Example 26.2 Typical site meeting agenda

Example 26.3 Typical site meeting minutes

Chapter 27: Site Duties

Example 27.1 Standard checklist for site inspections

Chapter 28: Instructions

Example 28.1 Architect's instruction. Reproduced by permission of Royal Institute of British Architects.

Chapter 29: Variations and Post-Contract Cost Control

Example 29.1 Financial review. Reproduced by permission of Royal Institute of British Architects.

Chapter 30: Interim Payments

Example 30.1 Interim valuation.

Example 30.2 Statement of retention.

Example 30.3 Interim certificate.

Chapter 31: Completion, Defects and the Final Account

Example 31.1 Certificate of practical completion.

Example 31.2 Certificate of making good defects.

Example 31.3 Final certificate.

Chapter 32: Delays and Disputes

Example 32.1 Revision to completion date. Reproduced by permission of Royal Institute of British Architects.

Chapter 34: Future Trends

Figure 34.1 Team interactivity.

List of Tables

Chapter 7: Value and Risk Management

Table 7.1 Three phases in applying value management

Table 7.2 The stages of value management

Table 7.3 Study structure

Table 7.4 Evolution of risk management studies

Chapter 9: Fixed Price Contracts

Table 9.1 JCT forms of contract

Chapter 18: Pre-Contract Cost Control

Table 18.1 Alignment of estimates and cost plans and project stages

Table 18.2 Information requirement for the production of an order of cost estimate

Table 18.3 Information requirement for the production of cost plan 1

Chapter 29: Variations and Post-Contract Cost Control

Table 29.1 The five basic methods for the valuation of variations (excluding variations relating to a CDP and Schedule 2 Quotation)

Table 29.2 The valuation of variations relating to a CDP

The Aqua Group Guide to Procurement, Tendering and Contract Administration

Second Edition

Edited by

Mark Hackett and Gary Statham

with contributions from

Michael Bowsher, John Connaughton, Michael Dallas, Paul Morrell, Alan Muse, Erland Rendall, Simon Rawlinson, Nick Schumann, Andrew Shaw and Peter Ullathorne

This edition first published 2016

© 2016 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

© 2007 The Aqua Group and Blackwell Publishing

Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley's global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing.

First edition published 2007

Second edition published 2016

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The Aqua Group guide to procurement, tendering and contract administration.— Second edition / edited by Mark Hackett, Gary Statham ; with contributions from Michael Bowsher [and 5 others].

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-118-34654-9 (paperback)

1. Buildings— Specifications. 2. Construction contracts— Great Britain. 3. Letting of contracts— Great Britain. 4. Construction industry— Management. I. Hackett, Mark, 1962- editor. II. Statham, Gary, editor.

TH425.A678 2015

692— dc23

2015008101

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover design by Workhaus

Part IBriefing the Project Team

Chapter 1The Project Team

Introduction

Since the first editions of the Aqua Group's books, the process of constructing and running a built asset has become increasingly complicated. From inception to completion, through site acquisition, design, tender, contract and construction, each stage of the process is time-consuming and can be considerably expensive. The need to optimise the process is of paramount importance and the best base from which to achieve this is proper and efficient team work. It is therefore vital that all members of the project team are fully conversant, not only with their own role but also with the roles of others and with the inter-relationships at each stage of the project. All members of the project team can then play their part fully and effectively, contributing their particular expertise whenever required.

The make-up of any particular project team will depend upon the scope and complexity of the project, the procurement route and the contractual arrangements selected. There are already many different methods of managing a project and, no doubt, others will be developed in the future. This chapter is set in the context of traditional procurement and, although not exhaustive, provides an indication of the principles involved and the criteria by which other situations can be evaluated.

Parties to a building contract and their supporting teams

The parties to a building contract are the employer and the contractor. Those appointed by these two will complete the project team which can include: