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The Graphene Revolution E-Book

Brian Clegg

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Herausgeber: Icon Books
Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
Sprache: Englisch
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

In 2003, Russian physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov found a way to produce graphene – the thinnest substance in the world – by using sticky tape to separate an atom-thick layer from a block of graphite. Their efforts would win the 2010 Nobel Prize for Physics, and now the applications of graphene and other 'two-dimensional' substances form a worldwide industry. Graphene is far stronger than steel, a far better conductor than any metal, and able to act as a molecular sieve to purify water. Electronic components made from graphene are a fraction of the size of silicon microchips and can be both flexible and transparent, making it possible to build electronics into clothing, produce solar cells to fit any surface, or even create invisible temporary tattoos that monitor your health. Ultra-thin materials give us the next big step forward since the transistor revolutionised electronics. Get ready for The Graphene Revolution.

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Leseprobe

THE GRAPHENE REVOLUTION

The Weird Science of the Ultrathin

BRIAN CLEGG

For Gillian, Rebecca and Chelsea

Title PageDedicationAcknowledgements1The sticky tape solution2The essence of matter3Quantum reality4Like nothing we’ve seen before5Other flatties6The ultrathin worldFurther readingIndexAbout the AuthorCopyright

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My thanks to the team at Icon Books involved in producing this series, notably Duncan Heath, Simon Flynn, Robert Sharman and Andrew Furlow. Although their names will crop up a lot in this book, it’s also not possible to talk about ultrathin materials without thanking physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov for starting this whole business.

THE STICKY TAPE SOLUTION

Big science–little science

There was a time when a lone scientist, or a handful of individuals working in a lab on a shoestring budget, could achieve wonderful things. Think of pretty well any scientific discovery that was made before the Second World War and you’ll find that neither finance nor staffing were huge. However, it would be easy to think that the hot science subjects of the 21st century all require massive budgets and enormous teams. This book is about a subject that has shattered this assumption.

Think back to the major announcements that were made in science since 2000. Early on in the century, the Human Genome Project published its results, with drafts from both the $3 billion public programme and the $300 million private Celera programme released jointly in 2001 after many years of work. In 2013, the team working on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN near Geneva, often called ‘the biggest machine in the world’, announced the discovery of a particle consistent with a Higgs boson. The collider and the staff working on it have cost over $5 billion to date.

Similarly, in 2016 and 2017 we have had a number of announcements of discoveries of gravitational waves made from the LIGO observatories, built at a cost of over $1 billion and with over 1,000 scientists worldwide involved in the project. And all of this is dwarfed by the funding that has been piled into the International Space Station which has cost over $100 billion without a single major scientific discovery to its name.*

So, what could two physicists working in Manchester, England achieve with a negligible budget, some blocks of graphite and a few rolls of sticky tape? It would turn out to be rather a lot – perhaps the most far-reaching technological breakthrough of the 21st century to date. The development of ultrathin materials that emerged from the Manchester work has far greater practical value than any of the multi-billion dollar experiments named above, yet also contributes major steps forward in our understanding of both physics and chemistry. This is big-impact small science on a minimal budget.

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