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The first collection in the area of mentoring that applies theory to real-world practice, research, programs, and recommendations from an international perspective In today's networked world society, mentoring is a crucial area for study that requires a deep international understanding for effective implementation. Despite the immense benefits of mentoring, current literature on this subject is surprisingly sparse. The Wiley International Handbook of Mentoring fills the need for a comprehensive volume of in-depth information on the different types of mentoring programs, effective mentoring practices, and emerging practical and applicable theories. Based on sound research methodologies, this unique text presents original essays by experts from over ten different countries, demonstrating the ways mentoring can make a difference in the workplace and in the classroom; these experts have an understanding of mentoring worldwide having worked in mentoring in over forty countries. Each of the Handbook's four sections--mentoring paradigms, practices, programs, and possibilities--include a final synthesis chapter authored by the section editors that captures the essence of the lessons learned, applies a global context, and recommends research avenues for further exploration. This innovative volume demonstrates how mentoring in any culture can help employees to complete tasks and advance in their positions, aid in socialization and assimilation in various settings, provide diverse groups access to resources and information, navigate through personalities, politics, policies, and procedures, and much more. * Offers an inclusive, international perspective that supports moving mentoring into a discipline of its own and lays a theoretical foundation for further research * Shows how emerging practical theories can be implemented in actual programs and various scenarios * Examines a wide range of contemporary paradigms, practices, and programs in the field of mentoring, including a panorama of introspections on mentoring from international scholars and practitioners * Includes historical and epistemological content, background information and definitions, and overviews of fundamental aspects of mentoring The Wiley International Handbook of Mentoring is an essential volume for a global readership, particularly teachers of mentoring courses, trainers, and researchers and practitioners in a variety of fields such as business, education, government, politics, sciences, industry, or sports.

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Table of Contents

Cover

Preface

Why Is Mentoring Important?

What the

International Handbook

Offers

Construct and Structure

Section I: Mentoring Paradigms

Section II: Mentoring Practices

Section III: Mentoring Programs

Section IV: Mentoring Possibilities

Conclusion

References

Notes on Contributors

The Editors

The Contributors

Section I: Mentoring Paradigms

1 Defining Mentoring

Purpose and Overview

Method

Rationale for a Creating a Definition of Mentoring

Difficulties, Risks, and Cautions in Creating a Singular Mentoring Definition

A Way Forward

Most Commonly Used Mentoring Definitions

Developmental Networks and Reciprocity

Common Elements in Mentoring Definitions

Overarching Dimension of Mentoring

Mentoring Dimensions

Applying the Definitional Process

Significance

Conclusions

References

2 Epistemological Beginnings of Mentoring

The Beginnings of the Use of Mentoring in Print

Mentoring in Print in Ancient Egypt

The Instructions and Teachings of Kagemni

Ptah‐hotep's Mentoring

The Teaching of Ani

Discussion

References

3 Social Capital as Mentoring

Soka Education–“From Indigo, an Even deeper Blue”

The Mentor‐Student Relationship–“Two but Not Two”

Value Creation as Social Capital Building: A New Paradigm in Action

Paying it Forward: From a Culture of Care to the Contributive Life

References

4 Mentoring in the Human Resource Development Context

Definitions of Mentoring and Its Evolution

Types and Functions of Mentoring

Antecedents and Consequences of Mentoring in the Workplace

Discussion and Implications

References

5 Constructivism and Mentoring

Constructivism and Me

The Nature of Constructivist Thinking

Mentoring

Analyzing Constructivist Theory and Practice in Mentoring Strategies

Summary, Conclusions, and Implications

References

6 Mentoring as Loose Coupling

Theory: Loosely Coupled Systems

Theory in Action: Student Teaching Supervision

Method

Educator Preparation Programs as Loosely Coupled Systems

Cases: Loosely Coupled Systems

Discussion

Implications

References

7 Relational Mentoring for Developing Novice Principals as Leaders of Learning

Introduction

Research Strategies

Leadership for Learning

Defining and Theorizing Mentoring

Relational Mentoring and Leadership for Learning

Mentoring Programs

Future Trends of Mentoring School Principals

References

8 Mentoring in a Globally Active Learning Context

Situating Literature on Mentoring and Culture

Grounding AL Concepts within this Account

Local and Global Contexts

Inquiry Approaches and Resources

Narration of the GAL Phases in China and Beyond

Reflection on Learning: GAL as a Spiral

In Hindsight

References

9 Synthesis of Mentoring Paradigms

Section II: Mentoring Practices

10 Mentoring Within Communities of Practice

Communities of Practice

Method

Literature Review

Discussion

Concluding Thoughts

References

11 Mentoring Women Faculty of Color in the Academy

Overview of Women Faculty of Color in Academe

Mentoring: An Overview

The Role of Mentoring for Women Faculty of Color in Academe

The Need for Alternative Mentoring Models for WFOC

Recommendations: Mentoring and Women Faculty of Color

Mentors

Conclusion

References

12 The Mentoring Mindset

Review of the Literature

Method

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion

References

13 Collaborative Learning and Knowledge‐Sharing

Rationale for the Study

Literature Review

Background of the Study

Method

Findings

Discussion and Implications

Conclusion

References

14 Faculty‐Inspired Strategies for Early Career Success Across Institutional Types

Data Sources

Methods

Community Colleges

Liberal Arts Colleges

Faculty‐Inspired Strategies

Comprehensive Universities

Research Universities

Recommendations and Opportunities

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

15 Practices of Cognitive Apprenticeship and Peer Mentorship in a Cross‐Global STEM Lab

Background

Toward a Synthesis of Apprenticeship and Mentorship

A Global STEM Case Study

Methods

Takeaways

References

16 Professional Knowledge of Teaching and the Online Mentoring Program

Partnership Research and Collaborative Construction of Teaching Professional Knowledge

The OMP—Main Features

Methods

Construction and Development of a Research Group: Learning Process

Additional Considerations

References

17 Synthesis of Mentoring Practices

References

Section III: Mentoring Programs

18 The College Mentoring Experience—A Hong Kong Case Study

Mentoring in East and West

Review of the Literature

The United College Mentorship Program

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

References

19 Who Mentors Me? A Case Study of Egyptian Undergraduate Students

Literature Review

Context

Research Approach

Research Questions

Significance of the Study

Findings

Discussion

Implications and Conclusion

References

20 Mentoring Faculty for Quality Enhancement in Indian Higher Education

Mentoring: A Tool for Performance Enhancement

Mentoring in the Indian Context

Understanding Stakeholder Perspectives and Needs

The Management Perspective

The CARE Mentoring Model

Impact Analysis

Conclusions and Future Work

References

21 National Principal Mentor Program

Purpose of Principal Mentorship

Design, Method, or Approach to Principal Mentorship

Overview of the NAESP Mentor Training and Certification Program

Practical Implications of a Principal Mentorship Program

Originality and Value of the NAESP Principal Mentor Program

References

22 Educational Counselors as Leaders in Developing Personal and Communal Resilience

Introduction

Teacher Training Program for School Counselors

Acknowledgment

References

23 Training Teachers in Academic Mentoring Practices

Empirical Backgrounds

The ACCES Program

Potential Mechanisms of Action

Conclusion

References

24 Closing the Mentorship Loop

Teaching

Method

Discussion

Conclusion

References

25

Roots to Wings

–A Transformative Co‐Mentoring Program to Foster Cross‐Cultural Understanding and Pathways into the Medical Profession for Native and Mexican American Students

Program Context

Program Context

Pacific Northwest University

The Heritage Story

Mission

Setting

Mount Adams School District

Yakama Nation Tribal School

Program Design

Next Steps

Concluding Thoughts

References

26 Synthesis of Mentoring Programs

Section IV: Mentoring Possibilities

27 Mentoring Policies

Defining, Conceptualizing, and Developing Policy

Influences in Policy Development

Going Beyond the Norm to Identify the Field of “Mentoring Policy”

Informed Policy Development—What Is Important to Address in Mentoring Policies

Challenges and Possibilities for the Future

References

28 The Power, Politics, and Future of Mentoring

Global Background and Political Context

An Emerging Framework for Critical Analysis

Method

Findings

Discussion and Implications

An Aesthetic of Possibility

Acknowledgment

References

29 Mentoring Across Race, Gender, and Generation in Higher Education

Purpose, Context, and Significance

Cross‐Racial Mentoring

Cross‐Gender Mentoring

Generational Differences and Mentoring

Research Questions

Data Collection and Analysis

Cultural Analysis of Our Mentoring Relationship

Cultural Mentoring Purposes

Cultural barriers to success

Facilitating Factors

Lessons Learned

Future Research

References

30 Realizing the Power of Mentoring

Teaching, Mentoring, and the Australian Education System

Conceptual Framework: Mentoring and the Logic of Practice

Culture and Symbolic Capital

Bourdieu – Reciprocity and the Gift Exchange

Study Design

Findings

Discussion: Implications for Practice

Conclusion

References

31 On the Threshold of Mentoring

Chapter Structure

Phases of the Mentoring Relationship

Liminality: The Structure of Social and Cognitive Transitions

The Liminal Phase: On the Threshold of a Mentoring Relationship

Negotiating Mentoring's Liminal Phase: Suggestions and Recommendations

Conclusion: Holding up the Sailing

Acknowledgments

References

32 ONSIDE Mentoring

Mentoring Early Career Teachers

The Development of the ONSIDE Mentoring Framework

ONSIDE Mentoring: An Overview

Empirical Support for ONSIDE

Theoretical Support for ONSIDE Mentoring

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

33 Brain‐Based Mentoring to Help Develop Skilled and Diverse Communities

Brain‐Based Mentoring, Problem Solving, and the Brain's Plasticity

Brain‐Based Mentoring Phases

Brain‐Based Applications Related to Smart‐Skill Acquisition

Celebration of Innovation—Phase Three of the Model

Final Thoughts

References

34 Dynamic Model of Collaborative Mentorship

Method

Findings

Connections to Theoretical Framework

Implications for Practice and Research

Conclusion

References

35 Synthesis of Mentoring Possibilities

Reference

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1 Developmental Relationships Matrix

Table 2 Structural Dimensions of Adult Mentoring Definitions

Chapter 4

Table 1 Examples of Traditional Mentoring Definitions

Table 2 Articles (27) Published in

Human Resource Development

(

HRD

)‐related Jo...

Table 3 Summary of Research on Mentoring in

Human Resource Development

(

HRD

)

Table 4 Mentoring Research Types in

Human Resource Development

(

HRD

)

Table 5 Theories Used in Mentoring Research in

Human Resource Development

(

HRD

Chapter 6

Table 1 Program Expectations for Field Supervisors

Table 2 Cross College Obligation Structures

Table 3 Cross College Supervisor Autonomy

Table 4 Midwestern University Obligation Structures

Table 5 Midwestern University Supervisor Autonomy

Table 6 Southern Midwest University Obligation Structures

Table 7 Southern Midwest Supervisor Autonomy

Table 8 Thomas College Obligation Structures

Table 9 Thomas College Supervisor Autonomy

Chapter 7

Table 1 Summary of Research Studies 2002–2017 on Mentoring Principals

Chapter 8

Table 1 Data Sources and Description in the Overseas Project Context

Chapter 10

Table 1 Relationship Between Mentoring and

Communities of Practice

Chapter 18

Table 1 Goals/Expectation for a Successful Mentoring Program—Perspectives fro...

Table 2 Mentors' Perceptions about Strategies in Shaping a Successful Mentors...

Table 3 Expected Benefits to be a Mentor in Mentorship Program—Perspectives f...

Table 4 Effectiveness of the Mentorship Program—Perspectives from Mentors

Table 5 Effectiveness of the Mentorship Program—Perspectives from Mentees

Table 6 Benefits for the Mentoring Relationship—Perspectives from Mentees (Se...

Table 7 Benefits for the Mentoring Relationship—Perspectives from Mentees (Ca...

Chapter 19

Table 1 The Description of the Participants

Chapter 20

Table 1 Nature of

Faculty Development Programs

(

FDPs

) Attended by Respondents...

Table 2 Faculty Perspectives on Institutional Support

Table 3 Faculty Attitudes and Perceptions on Acquiring New Skills

Table 4 Faculty Engagement and Motivation Levels

Table 5 Mentee Profile

Table 6 Mentee Profile and Faculty Performance

Table 7 Distribution of Grades in Relation to Mentee Profile Parameters

Table 8 Mentee Feedback Analysis

Table 9 Mentor Feedback on the CARE Program

Chapter 25

Table 1 Medical Mentoring Programs for Youth

Chapter 29

Table 1 Cultural Framework of Mentoring Processes

Chapter 32

Table 1 The Five Empirical Studies (Re‐)Analyzed

Table 2 ONSIDE Mentoring

List of Illustrations

f04

Figure 1 Countries of Perspectives of Contributing Scholars

Chapter 2

Figure 1 Prisse Papyrus that was written in 1970 BC and Found in 1847 by the...

Figure 2 Kagemni's Instructions as Found in the Prisse Papyrus

Chapter 8

Figure 1 Chinese Students’ Assessment of Learning Activities (C. A. Mullen)...

Figure 2 Four Phases of the Multifaceted International Experience (C. A. Mul...

Chapter 12

Figure 1 Protégé Mentoring Mindset Framework

Chapter 15

Figure 1 STEM Apprentice Contributor to Bat Ear Breakthrough

Chapter 16

Figure 1 The OMP Dynamic of the Interaction Mentor–Novice Teacher

Chapter 18

Figure 1 Framework of the

United College

Mentorship Program

Figure 2 Overall Flow of the

United Colle

ge Mentorship Program

Chapter 19

Figure 1 The Benefits of Mentoring for Both Mentors and Mentees

Figure 2 Types of Mentoring

Chapter 20

Figure 1 Mentoring Process Adopted by the Institution

Figure 2 The Sample Welcome Letter for the Mentees Selected to the CARE Prog...

Figure 3 Snapshot of Faculty Performance Profile in PI‐360 Quality Analytics...

Figure 4 Snapshot of Google Classroom Used for Engaging with the Mentees

Figure 5 Sample Final Evaluation Report Shared with the Mentees

Figure 6 Comparison of Annual

Faculty Performance Index

(

FPI

) Values for Ele...

Figure 7 Grades Distribution of Mentees

Chapter 23

Figure 1 Student Learning Dispositions Before and After Exposure to the

Acco

...

Chapter 28

Figure 1 Bernstein's (1990, p. 203) Theories of Instruction

Figure 2 Mooney Simmie & Moles (2011), Productive Mentoring Framework, cited...

Chapter 33

Figure 1 Teaching and Learning Interactively

Figure 2 Teaching and Learning Interactively

Figure 3 Multiple Intelligence Tasks for Mind‐Guiding

Figure 4 Mentors and Mentees Identify Skills to Develop and Tract as they Pr...

Figure 5 One Process for Co‐leading Celebration of Innovation

Chapter 34

Figure 1 Dynamic Model of Collaborative Mentorship

Guide

Cover

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The Wiley International Handbook of Mentoring

Paradigms, Practices, Programs, and Possibilities

Edited by

Beverly J. IrbyJennifer N. BoswellLinda J. SearbyFrances KochanRubén GarzaNahed Abdelrahman

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Names: Irby, Beverly J., editor.Title: The Wiley international handbook of mentoring : paradigms, practices, programs, and possibilities / edited by Beverly J. Irby, Jennifer N. Boswell, Linda J. Searby, Frances Kochan, Rubén Garza, Nahed Abdelrahman.Other titles: Handbook of mentoringDescription: Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2020] | Series: Wiley handbooks in education | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2019018764 (print) | LCCN 2019022111 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119142881 (hardcover)Subjects: LCSH: Mentoring in education. | Mentoring in education–Case studies.Classification: LCC LB1731.4 .W55 2020 (print) | LCC LB1731.4 (ebook) | DDC 371.102–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019018764LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019022111

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Preface

The Wiley International Handbook of Mentoring: Paradigms, Practices, Programs, and Possibilities is presented as a text in which international authors offer commentaries and share interpretations on the components of mentoring in today's networked world society with varied cultural vantage points. This internationally focused Handbook serves to deepen the understanding and implementation of mentoring. Furthermore, it is our hope that the Handbook validates mentoring in any culture, (a) aids one's chances of promotion on the job or completion of a task, (b) provides socialization and assimilation into one's respective profession or new position, (c) facilitates success in maneuvering through personalities, politics, policies, and procedures, (d) gives women and/or individuals from diverse groups value‐added and equitable access to resources and information, (e) improves diversity initiatives, (f) addresses skill and knowledge gaps, (g) develops leaders, (h) increases employee commitment, participation, and retention, (i) helps build one's network, and (j) offers one different views of situation or helps one see different avenues to approach challenges.

Why Is Mentoring Important?

Mentoring appears to be more important than ever before, particularly from an international perspective. We believe this is due to the interconnectedness of societies around the world via instant communications. Due to this situation, there is a need to understand other cultures better in order to impact the social good and global economic outcomes. Mentoring can aid in such understandings via the mere basis of mentoring, and that is the development of empathic relationships.

We acknowledge that mentoring is actualized in a world of uncertainty. There is uncertainty in terms of time—it seems there is less time for professional priming and succession planning; there is uncertainty in terms of resources—it seems there are shrinking budgets for professional development and advanced training; and there is uncertainty in the mental health of many youth—it seems there is a lack of sophistication or naivety in terms of building strong structures for increasing human capacity. Therefore, effective personal mentoring and mentoring programs become even more important than ever in a world of resource deprivation and uncertainty.

What the International Handbook Offers

The Handbook provides the first collection in the area of mentoring in which the authors and editors apply theory to practice and research, programs, and recommendations from an inclusive, international perspective. Such a collection should enable readers to put theory into action, while considering cultural contexts and laying a theoretical foundation for further research internationally. This Handbook includes a panorama of introspections on mentoring from international scholars and practitioners who will contribute as a global collective with perspectives from 14 countries and 6 continents (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Countries of Perspectives of Contributing Scholars

Construct and Structure

Rather than having an introduction to sections, the reader will find that each section includes a final synthesis chapter authored by the section editor(s) that captures the essence of the lessons learned within a global mentoring context, along with research avenues recommended for further exploration. As a content analysis and synthesis of the chapters within each section, it is itself a culturally attuned research endeavor. This makes the Handbook totally unique from any other, which may make it an appropriate and essential volume for a global readership and for those teaching mentoring courses, for trainers, and for researchers and practitioners in a variety of fields such as business, education, government, politics, sciences, industry, or sports. The book also differs from other volumes, because it moves from the theoretical foundations of mentoring to mentoring programs, to best practices in mentoring, and finally to the future possibilities of mentoring. There is no other handbook volume that has this type of sequencing with an international composition. The four sequences of the book are: (a) mentoring paradigms, (b) mentoring practices, (c) mentoring programs, and (d) mentoring possibilities. Each is discussed as follows.

Section I: Mentoring Paradigms

First, we briefly introduce paradigms and disciplines. Kuhn (1962) reintroduced a most influential concept, that of a paradigm, which he put forward as a set of practices that define a scientific discipline at any particular period of time. Certainly, there are paradigms with sets of practices in the field of mentoring which come with their own vocabulary, operational definitions, purposes, strategies, outcomes, theoretical structures, programs, methods, and standards. Kuhn includes the term, “discipline,” within the concept of paradigm.

Riggio (2013) indicated that there is not a clear answer as to what specifically defines an academic discipline. However, he did state that a discipline emerges with consensus. He stated “Consensus refers to shared agreement about: (1) a circumscribed knowledge base, (2) research methodology, (3) content and procedures for training, and (4) professional, scholarly journals and association(s)” (p. 10). Mentoring is poised as an emergent discipline as it (a) has a set of practices that define it, (b) has a defined knowledge based with at least 20 years of published knowledge within a journal that is focused only on the topic of mentoring and within similarly focused published books, (c) has published studies using quantitative and/or qualitative methods grounded in the social sciences, (d) has content and procedures for training, and (e) has professional, scholarly journals, and associations.

Within the past 35 years since Kram's (1985) book, Mentoring at Work: Developmental Relationships in Organizational Life, numerous paradigms of mentoring have emerged. We contend that from an epistemological, paradigmatic perspective, mentoring has materialized over time as a way of knowing—knowing the other and knowing oneself; knowing when to mentor, when to decline, and when to be mentored; knowing what to say and what to do in a mentoring dyad or group; knowing who to mentor; knowing who should be a mentor; knowing where to mentor; and knowing how to mentor and how often to mentor or be mentored. Just as Kuhn proposed that major epistemological changes, or paradigm shifts, take a social revolution, we propose that the paradigm of mentoring with the past three decades of research, practice, and work in the field has been pushed forward, not so much by a social revolution but by a professional movement and consensus. We believe that the mentoring paradigms presented within this Handbook will further the core knowledge on mentoring, pushing it further toward a discipline. Thus, it is an appropriate topic with which to begin the Handbook. This section on Mentoring Paradigms should lead readers to a basic understanding of mentoring from the vistas of the authors who hail originally from Canada, Egypt, Guatemala, South Korea, and the United States.

Section II: Mentoring Practices

Practices, or sets of practices, are components of a paradigm and of a discipline. It is therefore appropriate to provide global examples of mentoring practices that have proven to be successful and those that are promising new innovations. A search on Google related to mentoring practices or practices of mentoring yielded over 5 million hits and in a search of large databases on the topic of mentoring practices, there were 3,383 articles, 317 text sources, 268 books, 247 reviews, and 181 conference proceedings. From a global perspective, authors from Brazil, Canada, Haiti, and the United States share practices of mentoring with the following general topics: practices related to mentoring new faculty; mentoring as a community of practice; mentoring practices among women of color; practices for mentoring protégés; collaborative practices in mentoring; cross‐cultural practices; online mentoring, practices in mentoring principals, and mentoring practices in higher education and community colleges.

Section III: Mentoring Programs

Section III houses information on programs of mentoring. Herein, international authors describe mentoring programs that have had a significant impact upon the field and those that have been designed to meet the unmet needs and underserved populations. This area of practice in mentoring brings up over 22 million sites on a Google search, and in a search of large databases in the Texas A&M University libraries on the topic of mentoring programs, there were 8,764 citations. The contributors for this section hail originally from Canada, Egypt, Hong Kong‐China, India, Israel, and the United States, and they share a variety of successful international programs related to mentoring college students, faculty, peers, principals, high school students, and teachers.

Section IV: Mentoring Possibilities

Section IV, Possibilities, is comprised of authors who delve into the realm of the future by exploring groundbreaking approaches to mentoring, which could further the field and the concepts of mentoring programs and relationships. The international scholars from Australia, England, Ireland, Sweden, and the United States challenge the readers on topics of brain‐based mentoring, international social action mentoring, e‐mentoring, politics of mentoring, mentoring and racism, liminality, how to determine best practices in mentoring, judgmentoring, techniques of mentoring, and sociopolitical mentoring.

Conclusion

It is our hope that this Handbook provides further guidance related to mentoring. Additionally, we hope that it offers an international perspective that spurs ongoing discussion and thought‐provoking arguments for moving mentoring into a discipline of its own. Again, in order to be a discipline, mentoring already could be considered as such as we have demonstrated in this collection alone—because it (a) has a set of practices that define it, (b) has a defined knowledge based with over 20 years of published knowledge within a journal that is focused only on the topic of mentoring and within similarly focused published books, (c) has published studies using quantitative and/or qualitative methods grounded in the social sciences, (d) has content and procedures for training, and (e) has professional, scholarly journals, and associations.

Beverly J. Irby

References

Kram, K. E. (1985).

Mentoring at work: Developmental relationships in organizational life

. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman.

Kuhn, T. (1962).

The structure of scientific revolutions

. (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Riggio, R. E. (2013). Advancing the discipline of leadership studies.

The Journal of Leadership Education

,

12

(2), 10–14. doi: 10.12806/V12/I3/C2

Notes on Contributors

The Editors

Beverly J. Irby is Regents Professor and the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs at the College of Education and Human Development at Texas A&M University. Dr. Irby is also the Director of the Educational Leadership Research Center. Her primary research interests center on issues of social responsibility, including bilingual and English‐as‐ a‐second‐language education, administrative structures, curriculum, and instructional strategies. She is the author of more than 200 refereed articles, chapters, books, and curricular materials for Spanish‐speaking children. She has had access of $20,000,000 in grants. She also has held another Regents Professor title from another university system, the Texas State University System. Dr. Irby has had extensive experiences working with undergraduate students in the past 25+ years, and many of these students are underrepresented, including first‐generation college students, ethnic minority, and economically advantaged, who have obtained doctorate and received research/teaching awards under her mentorship. Dr. Irby is the editor of the Mentoring and Tutoring Journal.

Jennifer N. Boswell is Associate Professor and the Chair of the Clinical and Mental Health Counseling at the University of St. Thomas. Prior to that position, she was Associate Professor at the University of Houston at Victoria, Texas. Dr. Boswell has served as the Assistant Editor of the Mentoring and Tutoring Journal for six years and as Assistant Editor of Advancing Women in Leadership Journal for seven years. She also served as the Editor of the Michigan Journal of Counseling: Research, Theory, and Practice (Michigan Counseling Association). She has her PhD in Counselor Education from Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas. In her work, she practices mentoring techniques and teaches such. Her current research focuses on the mentoring needs of women in counselor education programs. As well, Dr. Boswell is a published author with an average of three papers per year and has made numerous presentations at state, national, and international mental health conferences.

Linda J. Searby is Associate Clinical Professor of Educational Leadership at the University of Florida, where she teaches courses in Leadership and Administration, Curriculum and Supervision, Action Research, School Change, and Mentoring. She is the Co‐Editor for the International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, and a reviewer for several journals in educational leadership. Dr. Searby has published over 30 peer‐reviewed articles in mentoring research, specifically on the development of a mentoring mindset in the protégé, as well as conducted numerous presentations and trainings for mentors and protégés, including many in other colleges at University the of Florida. She is co‐editor of the books, Best Practices in Mentoring for Teacher and Leader Development (2016), and The Wiley International Handbook of Mentoring (2019). Dr. Searby is a graduate of Lincoln Christian University (BA), Eastern Illinois University (MS), and Illinois State University (PhD). Dr. Searby is a member of the Executive Board of the International Mentoring Association, and was instrumental in bringing the association to its new home at the University of Florida in 2018, and chaired its International Mentoring Conference here in March, 2019. Most recently, Dr. Searby has formed an Affinity Group at UF for faculty and staff who work with mentoring programs across campus.

Frances Kochan is the Wayne T. Smith Distinguished Professor, Emerita, Auburn University, AL. She has authored or co‐authored 10 books, published over 100 journal articles and book chapters, and presented at over 200 venues. She is editor of the Perspectives in Mentoring Series published by Information Age Press. Dr. Kochan was co‐chair of the American Educational Research Association Special Interest Group and served on the International Mentoring Association Board of Directors. Her research focuses on cultural aspects of mentoring and creating collaborative partnerships for leadership development and student success ([email protected]).

Rubén Garza is Assistant Dean for the College of Education and Professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Texas State University. He is a past Chair and Program Chair of the Mentoring and Mentoring Practices Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association. He has presented his research at state and national conferences and his work has been published in national and international journals. His research interests include mentoring, Latino education, caring, and culturally responsive pedagogy.

Nahed Abdelrahman is the Coordinator of the Preparing Academic Leaders (PAL) project. She is a researcher in Educational Administration at the Department of Educational Administration and Human Resources. Her research interests center on education policy and principal preparation. She was selected as a Barbara Jackson Scholar from 2015 to 2017. She authored and co‐authored several publications related to education policy such as Arab Spring and Teacher Professional Development in Egypt, A Website Analysis of Mentoring Programs for Latina Faculty at the 25 Top‐Ranked National Universities, Women and STEM: A Systematic Literature Review of Dissertation in Two Decades (1994–2014). She presented her research in conferences including in American Educational Research Association (AERA), University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA), Research on Women and Education (RWE), and The Universality of Global Education Issues Conference. She plays leadership roles in higher education as she serves as the president of Graduate Representative Advisory Board and a committee member in two committees of the Graduate and Professional Student Council at Texas A&M University: Award Committee and Graduate Appeals Panel. She currently serves as the Assistant Editor of the Mentoring and Tutoring Journal, Advancing Women in Leadership, and Dual Language Research and Practice.

The Contributors

Nahed Abdelrahman is the Coordinator of Preparing Academic Leaders (PAL) project. She is a researcher in Educational Administration at the Department of Educational Administration and Human Resources. Her research interests center on education policy and principal preparation. She was selected as a Barbara Jackson Scholar from 2015 to 2017. She authored and co‐authored several publications related to education policy such as Arab Spring and Teacher Professional Development in Egypt, A Website Analysis of Mentoring Programs for Latina Faculty at the 25 Top‐Ranked National Universities, Women and STEM: A Systematic Literature Review of Dissertation in Two Decades (1994–2014). She presented her research in conferences including in American Educational Research Association (AERA), University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA), Research on Women and Education (RWE), and The Universality of Global Education Issues Conference. She plays leadership roles in higher education as she serves as the president of Graduate Representative Advisory Board and a committee member in two committees of the Graduate and Professional Student Council at Texas A&M University: Award Committee and Graduate Appeals Panel. She currently serves as the Assistant Editor of the Mentoring and Tutoring Journal, Advancing Women in Leadership, and Dual Language Research and Practice.

Anne Adams' research focuses on the development of student mathematical reasoning and argument and on developing teachers' ability to support student reasoning. She has been awarded funding for numerous research and professional development projects and is currently a principal investigator for the NSF‐funded projects Making Mathematics Reasoning Explicit (MMRE) and Longitudinal Learning of Viable Argument in Mathematics for Adolescents (LLAMA). A secondary area of research is informal mentoring and its role in supporting new faculty. Her work has been presented at regional, national, and international conferences and published in national and international journals, including Mentoring and Tutoring, Mathematics Education Research Journal, Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, and The Mathematics Enthusiast.

Tammy Allen is a Distinguished University Professor within the Department of Psychology. Research interests include work–family issues, career development, and occupational health. She is the author of over 120 peer‐reviewed articles that have been published in a variety of journals, including Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Psychological Bulletin, Journal of Vocational Behavior, and Journal of Management. She has been a visiting scholar and guest speaker for a variety of universities and organizations across the world. Tammy is currently the PI on a 3‐year NSF funded project investigating work design and career development among faculty. Tammy is the 2018–2019 President of the Society for Occupational Health Psychology and served as the 2013‐2014 President of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. She is a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, the American Psychological Association, and the Association for Psychological Science.

Denise E. Armstrong is Professor of Administration and Leadership at Brock University. She has worked in K‐20 institutions in Canada and the Caribbean in a variety of teaching and administrative roles. Her research and writing focus on personal, professional and organizational dynamics, with particular emphasis on administrative transitions, middle space leadership, micropolitics, identity construction, and social justice and she has published extensively in these areas.

Vicki L. Baker is Professor of economics and management at Albion College and an instructor in business administration at the Pennsylvania State University's World Campus. Vicki received her BS in safety sciences from Indiana University of Pennsylvania, an MBA from Clarion University of Pennsylvania, and an MS in Management & Organizations and PhD in Higher Education from Pennsylvania State University. Before becoming a faculty member, Baker held administrative positions in Harvard Business School's Executive Education Division and worked at AK Steel Corporation. Baker studies the role of relationships (mentoring and developmental) in professional and personal development, with a particular focus on graduate students and faculty members. She also studies liberal arts colleges, both in terms of institutional change and the faculty experience. Baker was the principal investigator for a study called the Initiative for Faculty Development in Liberal Arts Colleges and the development of an Academic Leadership Institute for mid‐career faculty members at the Great Lakes Colleges Association, funded by the Henry Luce Foundation. The National Science Foundation and Chemical Bank have also funded her work. Baker's most recent research has appeared in the Review of Higher Education, Journal of Higher Education, Identity Journal, Mentoring and Tutoring, and Journal of Faculty Development. Her current work continues to focus on the faculty experience in liberal arts colleges, with a particular focus on mid and late career stages. She has published over 60 peer‐reviewed journal articles, essays, and book chapters on these topics. Baker consults with corporations and higher education institutions in the areas of leadership development, change management, mentoring programming, and faculty development. She is co‐founder of Lead Mentor Develop, LLC (www.leadmentordevelop.com).

Pam Beam is Lecturer and Clinical Faculty in the Adolescent to Young Adult Program in Teacher Education in the Patton College of Education at Ohio University. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in Curriculum and Instruction, Reading in the Content Areas, and general methods courses to all majors. Her major research interests include mentoring and coaching at all levels, co‐teaching, and the benefits of implementing a clinical model.

Jennifer N. Boswell is Associate Professor and the Chair of the Clinical and Mental Health Counseling at the University of St. Thomas. Prior to that position, she was Associate Professor at the University of Houston at Victoria, Texas. Dr. Boswell has served as the Assistant Editor of the Mentoring and Tutoring Journal for six years and as Assistant Editor of Advancing Women in Leadership Journal for seven years. She also served as the Editor of the Michigan Journal of Counseling: Research, Theory, and Practice (Michigan Counseling Association). She has her PhD in Counselor Education from Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas. In her work, she practices mentoring techniques and teaches such. Her current research focuses on the mentoring needs of women in counselor education programs. As well, Dr. Boswell is a published author with an average of three papers per year and has made numerous presentations at state, national, and international mental health conferences.

SueAnn I. Bottoms is committed to creating accessible, inclusive, and equitable STEM opportunities for children and families. She is passionate about providing outreach that is culturally responsive and able to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population. She has been involved extensively in STEM partnerships and particularly interested in how partnerships can reshape and reframe how STEM is defined, who has access to STEM and who participates in STEM. Her work has been presented at regional, national, and international conferences and published in national and international journals, including Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, and will be published in Afterschool Matters Journal and International Journal of Computer‐Supported Collaborative Learning.

Susan Brondyk is Assistant Professor at Hope College, Holland, Michigan (USA) where she teaches undergraduate preservice teachers and co‐coordinates mentor development opportunities for the program's college supervisors and cooperating teachers. She has been vitally involved in the design of Hope's new Student Teaching Model. Prior to this position, Brondyk served as the Associate Director of Launch into Teaching at Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (USA), which involved providing on‐going, job‐embedded support for mentors and instructional coaches working with beginning teachers in struggling urban districts. Dr. Brondyk's research examines mentor preparation at both the pre‐service and induction levels. Most recently she studied developmental mentoring and the ways that mentors scaffold student teacher learning.

Nora Dominguez is Director of the Mentoring Institute at the University of New Mexico (UNM), a professional consultant for the Office of Diversity at the Health Science Center at UNM (HSC‐UNM), and past‐president of the International Mentoring Association (IMA). Nora has more than 25 years of experience developing and implementing financial and organizational learning strategies, holding educational and management positions in banking and higher education institutions, and providing consulting and program evaluation services both in the United States and Mexico. Domínguez is also a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal for Mentoring and Coaching (Emerald, UK), co‐author of the book Mentoring: Perspectivas Teóricas y Prácticas (2010), co‐editor and chapter contributor to The Sage Handbook of Mentoring (2017), and chief editor of ten Mentoring Institute's annual conference proceedings.

Stéphane Duchesne is Professor in Educational Psychology at Laval University (Canada). His main fields of research and teaching are child and adolescent motivation, emotional problems, school transitions, and parent–child relationships. He is co‐principal investigator of prospective and longitudinal studies on the role of individual and social factors involved in school motivation and academic persistence and adjustment.

Hamada El Farargy is a third year PhD student in K‐12 Educational Leadership and a graduate research assistant in the Department of Educational Administration and Human Resource Development at Texas A&M University. He is a former English language teacher, education coordinator, and school principal at October STEM High School in Egypt. He is also a former STEM leadership trainer and television presenter. His research interests include STEM education, instructional leadership, teacher preparation, mentorship, student evaluation, and school effectiveness.

Susan Ferguson is Associate Professor at the University of South Alabama, College of Education and Professional Studies in the Department of Leadership and Teacher Education where she serves as Program Coordinator for Secondary Education and as Program Director for the University’s NSF Noyce grants. Her primary research deals with preservice teachers and inservice teachers and their students, and with equity for and advancement of marginalized populations.

Heidi Flavian is Senior Lecturer and Researcher at the Achva Academic College in Israel and a Link‐Convenor of the Net‐Work “Educational Improvement and Quality Assurance” of the EERA. She has a PhD in Educational Leadership from Dayton University, Ohio, USA. Her main areas of interest are teacher training, mediation, thinking processes among students, and teaching students with special needs. She published books and articles in a variety of journals and international conferences.

Göran Fransson is Professor in Curriculum Studies and associate professor in Education at the Faculty of Education and Business Studies, University of Gävle, Sweden. His research centers on digital technologies in educational contexts, teachers' professional development, policy issues, and induction and mentoring in different professions, with a primary focus on teachers. He has been published in multiple journals, books, and anthologies.

Sydney Freeman, Jr. is Associate professor of Adult, Organizational Learning and Leadership at the University of Idaho. He is a former National Holmes Scholar, a certified faculty developer and online instructor through the Learning Resources Network. His research investigates the topics such as higher education as a field of study, higher education executive leadership preparation, faculty development and HBCUs. He serves on multiple academic journal editorial and review boards, including serving as managing editor of the Journal of HBCU Research + Culture. He also is the founder and senior editor‐in‐chief of The Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education.

Rubén Garza is Assistant Dean for the College of Education and Professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at Texas State University. He is a past Chair and Program Chair of the Mentoring and Mentoring Practices Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association. He has presented his research at state and national conferences and his work has been published in national and international journals. His research interests include mentoring, Latino education, caring, and culturally responsive pedagogy.

Leslie D. Gonzales is Associate Professor at Michigan State University. Leslie’s research focuses on (a) legitimacy within academia; (b) relations of power that govern the recognition of knowledge and knowers; and (c) the possibility of agency among academics. Leslie is committed to exposing and challenging both material and symbolic injustices within academia, particularly in the careers of historically underrepresented scholars and amongst scholars whose research agendas fall outside conventional norms. As a Latina, working class, first‐generation‐college‐student‐turned academic who earned all three of her academic degrees from Hispanic Serving Institutions, Leslie aims to inform various processes that shape the academic profession, including graduate student preparation, faculty hiring and onboarding, and faculty evaluation.

André Green is Associate Dean in the College of Education and Professional Studies and Professor of Science Education at the University of South Alabama. He is the Executive Director of the Center for Integrative Studies in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. He has grants awarded by National Science Foundation to prepare science and mathematics teachers through the Noyce program where mentoring is an essential component to mitigate teacher attrition out of the field.

Ankur Gupta is the Director at the Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, India and Professor of Computer Science and Engineering. He has worked as a Technical Team Lead at Hewlett Packard, developing software in the network management and e‐Commerce domains. He obtained his BE (Hons.) Computer Science and MS Software Systems degrees from BITS, Pilani and his PhD from the National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur. His main areas of interest include peer‐to‐peer networks, network management, software engineering, cloud computing, and higher technical education. He has filed 15 patents, published over 60 peer‐reviewed papers, is a recipient of the AICTE's Career Award for Young Teachers besides receiving faculty awards from IBM and EMC. He is the Founding Editor of the International Journal of Next‐Generation Computing (IJNGC). He is the inventor of the national award‐winning analytics software—Performance Insight 360–which institutions and individual stakeholders can use to track and enhance their performance.

Dianne Gut is an Associate Professor in Special Education. She currently serves as Assistant Department Chair of Teacher Education in the Patton College of Education. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in Special Education and Curriculum and Instruction. Her major research interests include mentoring for educators at all levels, social and academic interventions for students with learning differences, and integrating twenty‐first century skills into the curriculum.

Catherine M. Hands is Associate Professor of Educational Administration and Leadership at Brock University. Catherine has worked with Canadian and American school districts, teachers' unions, and the Ontario Ministry of Education as a researcher and consultant. Catherine's research interests stem from her classroom experience as well as her work with school leaders and teachers, and include school‐community relations, family involvement in schooling, educational leadership, values and ethics in education, social justice, professional learning communities, and educational reform. She maintains an active research agenda in these areas, and has presented and published her work regionally, nationally, and internationally.

Sonya Hayes graduated with her PhD in Educational Administration from Texas A&M University in College Station. She was formerly Assistant Professor in the Educational Leadership department for Louisiana State University, and she is currently an Assistant Professor at the University of Tennessee in the Educational Leadership and Policy Studies program. She holds an MEd in Educational Administration and a BA in English. Her research interests include leadership development, principal preparation, and leadership for learning. She served in public education as a high school English teacher, a high school assistant principal, and a middle school principal for 23 years prior to moving to higher education. She is an active member in the University Council for Educational Administration and has served as the Editor for AERA's Learning and Teaching newsletter.

John M. Heffron is Director of the MA Program in Educational Leadership and Societal Change and Professor of Educational History and Culture at Soka University of America. His most recent book is The Evolution of Development Thinking: Governance, Economics, Assistance and Security (with William Ascher, Garry D. Brewer, and G. Shabbir Cheema) (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).

Andrew J. Hobson is Professor of Teacher Learning and Development and Head of Education Research at the University of Brighton, UK. His research has focused on the nature and impact of support for the professional learning and development of teachers, and early career teachers in particular. He has particular interests in mentoring and teacher well‐being, and is Editor‐in‐Chief of the International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education. Professor Hobson coined the term “judgmentoring” (Hobson & Malderez, 2013; Hobson, 2016) and developed the ONSIDE Mentoring framework (Hobson, 2016; Hobson, 2017), which is the subject of his chapter in this volume (a.hobson:http://brighton.ac.uk). Institutional affiliation: School of Education, University of Brighton, UK.

Bernadette Howlett is the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at University of Western State in Portland, Oregon. She has a PhD in Adult Learning and Organizational Development and has been in higher education for more than 20 years. She previously served as the Chief Research Office at Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, in Yakima, Washington. She is the lead author of a textbook entitled, Evidence‐Based Practice for Health Professionals: An Interprofessional Approach.

Beverly J. Irby is Regents Professor and the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs at the College of Education and Human Development at Texas A&M University. Dr. Irby is also the Director of the Educational Leadership Research Center. Her primary research interests center on issues of social responsibility, including bilingual and English‐as‐ a‐second‐language education, administrative structures, curriculum, and instructional strategies. She is the author of more than 200 refereed articles, chapters, books, and curricular materials for Spanish‐speaking children. She has had access of $20,000,000 in grants. She also has held another Regents Professor title from another university system, the Texas State University System. Dr. Irby has had extensive experiences working with undergraduate students in the past 25+ years, and many of these students are underrepresented, including first‐generation college students, ethnic minority, and economically advantaged, who have obtained doctorate and received research/teaching awards under her mentorship. Dr. Irby is the editor of the Mentoring and Tutoring Journal.

Maxine Brings Him Back‐Janis (Lao Wechokun Gluha Mani Win) President's Liaison for Native American Affairs and Associate Professor at Heritage University, Toppenish, WA. Dr. Janis actively works on multiple initiatives related to higher education and health, related to tribal people. Her career spans public health, private practice, and presently higher education. Dr. Janis's research focus is in the area of social justice and health inequities grounded in the human rights, service learning, and cross‐cultural education domain.

Gaëtane Jean‐Marie is Dean of the College of Education, Rowan University, and served as Dean of the College of Education and Richard O. Jacobson Endowed Chair of Leadership in Education at the University of Northern Iowa. She is the series editor of the Studies in Educational Administration Series and former editor of the Journal of School Leadership