Veterinary Technician's Large Animal Daily Reference Guide E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 304

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Veterinary Technician's Large Animal Daily Reference Guide is an indispensible resource in daily clinical practice. Covering all aspects of a veterinary technician's responsibilities in the care of large animals, the book provides fast access to practical information, aiding newly trained and skilled large animal technicians alike in performing their daily tasks. Designed as a quick yet comprehensive reference, the tables and charts throughout offer reliable, easy-to-follow information on horses, cattle, small ruminants, and pigs. With chapter topics ranging from anatomy and nutrition to emergency and critical care, the book's coverage includes both the basics of veterinary care and more specialized nursing procedures. Veterinary Technician's Large Animal Daily Reference Guide is an invaluable tool for any veterinary technician working with large animals, as well as veterinary technology students seeking more information on these species.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title page

Copyright page

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: Anatomy

Introduction

Chapter 2: Preventative Health Care

Introduction

Physical Examinations

Vaccinations

Chapter 3: Nutrition

The Importance of Nutrition

Chapter 4: Internal Medicine

Chapter 5: Reproduction

Introduction

Female Reproductive Anatomy

Male Reproductive Anatomy

Female Reproductive Physiology

Male Breeding Soundness Examination

Female Breeding Soundness Examination

Estrous Detection

Artificial Insemination

Pregnancy Diagnosis

Abortion

Parturition

Postpartum Complications

Initial Care of the Neonate

Vaccination Schedule for Breeding Stock

Chapter 6: Nursing Care

Nutritional Support

Pain Management

Behaviors Suggesting Pain in Large Animals

Wound Care and Management

Fluid Therapy and Administration

Basic Clinical Techniques

Chapter 7: Clinical Pathology

Introduction

Blood Chemistry Tests

Hematology

Microbiology

Urinalysis

Chapter 8: Radiography of the Horse

Introduction

Markers

Positioning

Technique

Radiation Safety

Tranquilization

Foot

Fetlock

Carpus

Tarsus

Stifle

Elbow

Shoulder

Radius

Tibia

Metacarpus (MCIII)/Metatarsus (MTIII)

Cervical Spine

Thorax

Pelvis

Skull

Chapter 9: Pharmacology

Introduction

Chapter 10: Emergency Care

Introduction

Emergency Supplies

Triage

Chapter 11: Holistic Medicine for Horses

Holistic Medicine

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Editorial offices: 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA

The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee codes for users of the Transactional Reporting Service are ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-1621-0/2014.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Veterinary technician's large animal daily reference guide / [edited by] Amy D′Andrea, Jessica Sjogren.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8138-1621-0 (softback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-69478-7 – ISBN 978-1-118-69484-8 – ISBN 978-1-118-69488-6 – ISBN 978-1-118-69499-2 (Pub) – ISBN 978-1-118-69502-9 (Mobi)

I. D′Andrea, Amy. II. Sjogren, Jessica.

[DNLM: 1. Veterinary Medicine–methods–Handbooks. 2. Animal Technicians–Handbooks. SF 748]

SF981

636.089–dc23

2013010434

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover images: © istock image; Left: Brzi; Center: LazingBee; and Right: R.J. Seymour.

Cover design by Nicole Teut

Contributors

EDITORS

Amy D'Andrea, BS, MEd, CVT, VTS (EVN)

New England Institute of Technology

Veterinary Technology Program

Warwick, RI

Jessica Sjogren, BS in Veterinary Technology, CEST

Emergency Technologist

VCA South Shore Animal Hospital

South Weymouth, MA

ILLUSTRATOR

Nathan Davis, BS, CVT

Zookeeper

Franklin Park Zoo

Boston, MA

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

Katie Brown, BS, CVT, ESMT

Equine Massage Therapist

Glennville, GA

Jamie Defazio, CVT, VTS-EVN

Evening and Midnight Nursing Supervisor

New Bolton Center's Widener Hospital: The Large Animal Hospital of University of Pennsylvania

Kennett Square, PA

Barbara Dugan, CVT

Adjunct Instructor, Technician

New Bolton Center's Widener Hospital: The Large Animal Hospital of University of Pennsylvania

Kennett Square, PA

Manor College Program of Veterinary Technology

Jenkintown, PA

Maria Ferrer, DVM, MS, DACT

Clinical Assistant Professor Theriogenology

Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine

Manhattan, KS

Ryan Healy, BS

Manager

Scarlet Hill Farm

Groton, MA

Patrick Hennigan, BS, CVT, LVT

Anesthesia Technologist

Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine

Grafton, MA

Sheri Miller, LVT, VTS-EVN

Radiology Technician

Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital

Lexington, KY

Ashley Moulton, BS in Veterinary Technology, CEST

Neurology Technologist

VCA South Shore Animal Hospital

South Weymouth, MA

Sarah Ouellette, BS, CVT

Surgery Technician

Bulger Veterinary Hospital

North Andover, MA

Preface

The Veterinary Technician's Large Animal Daily Reference Guide is a comprehensive resource designed for use in educational settings, as well as large animal veterinary facilities. This text provides veterinary technicians with detailed information about a wide variety of large animal species. As the veterinary technician profession becomes increasingly diversified, there is a greater need for a text that covers all aspects of veterinary medicine as it relates to large animal species. Practicing veterinary technicians, as well as veterinary technician students, will find this book useful. It is designed not only as a quick reference guide, but also as a detailed collection of information ranging from anatomy and preventative health care to pharmacology and internal medicine and everything in between.

This book was created from the desire to create a textbook that could provide a wide array of information about large animals in one place. Practicing veterinary technicians and students will find it useful, as it will serve as a quick reference guide in practice and also as an all-encompassing resource in the classroom.

The chart and table format of this book supplies the information in an easy-to-utilize manner. All of the information is organized in a way that is designed to enable the reader to look up topics effortlessly and quickly.

Several of the chapters reference many helpful illustrations, pictures, and diagrams that enrich the information in the text. Black-and-white, as well as color, artwork provide meaningful enhancement to the material.

We are proud to have collaborated with some of the industry's top professionals in authoring the material in each of the chapters. Each individual brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to this project, with the end result being this one-of-a-kind collection of large animal veterinary information.

Amy D'Andrea

Jessica Sjogren

Acknowledgments

This book has become a labor of love for both Jessica and me, and we want to thank each and every person who has dedicated their time to making it a reality. Teaching large animal nursing has been a passion of mine for over 15 years, and it is my hope that this text will become a trusted resource for many practicing veterinary technicians and veterinary technician students.

First and foremost, I am thankful for the support and perseverance of my friend and colleague, Jessica Sjogren, without whom this book would never have been possible. Next, we would like to offer our appreciation to the many individuals who authored chapters in this text. Their expertise and knowledge has truly made this project a superior collection of information.

The illustrations were created by Nathan Davis, who not only did an outstanding job, but also has given his time freely to make sure we portrayed the information in the diagrams as accurately as possible.

To all of my students who have given me the satisfaction of molding generations of veterinary technicians—I thank you. You have become the symbol of our profession. I learned just as much from you. This project is dedicated to you. May you always be the proud, caring animal advocates I knew you could be.

Finally, to my two amazing children, Austin and Morgan Butzier; my stepdaughter, Madison Borrelli; and the love of my life, my husband Greg D'Andrea—I thank you for your support and love. Family is what makes life worth living, and I live every day to the fullest because of each of you.

Amy D'Andrea

I want to thank my family, especially my parents, for believing in and encouraging me. I would like to thank Kevin for his love and support and my friends, especially Ashley, who has helped me through this process. I would not have been able to do this without them. Lastly, I want to thank all the authors for their knowledge, hard work, and devotion and thank Nate for his amazing drawings and enthusiasm. Amy, I would not be where I am today without you. All of you made this possible, so thank you.

Jessica Sjogren

Chapter 1

Anatomy

Amy D'Andrea and Jessica Sjogren with illustrations by Nathan Davis

Introduction

Systems Overviews

Introduction

In relation to large animal species, anatomy plays an integral role in how the body works. As technicians, we should be familiar with how the body is put together and the vital functions of each structure. There are nine basic animal systems that we study: the integumentary system, the musculoskeletal system, the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the nervous system, and the genitourinary system.

This chapter will give a basic overview of each system and the specific anatomical structures that are important to recognize in various large animal species (Table 1.1). In addition, this chapter includes a detailed description of equine conformation and its relation to structural abnormalities.

Table 1.1 / Systems Overviews

System NameAnatomical StructuresFunctionsIntegumentaryEpidermisDermisHypodermis or subcutaneous layerHairGlands of the skinClaws/dewclawsHoovesHornsOne of the largest and most extensive organ systems in the bodyComposed of 4 tissue typesCovers and protects underlying structures within the bodyA critical barrier to the harsh outer worldMusculoskeletalBoneAxial skeletonAppendicular skeletonJointsSkeletal muscleCardiac muscleSmooth muscleTendonsThe framework of the body that supports and protects soft tissues within the bodyProvides movement and some body functionsCardiovascularHeartBloodArteriesVeinsCapillariesRegulates body functions and delivers oxygen, antibodies, inflammatory cells, and nutrients throughout the bodyRemoves waste from tissuesThe heart pumps blood throughout the vessels to maintain body function.LymphaticPlasmaRed blood cellsPlateletsWhite blood cellsLymphatic fluidImmune componentsTransport systemCellular metabolismAssists in immune responseAids in homeostasisRespiratoryUpper respiratory tractLower respiratory tractLungsThoraxResponsible for the complex process of respiration and gas exchange within the bodyBrings oxygen into the body and carries carbon dioxide outDigestiveOral cavityEsophagusStomach (monogastric/ruminant)Small intestineCecum (horses)Large intestineRectum and anusBreaks down complex foods, such as hay and concentrates, into nutrient molecules and absorbs the nutrients into the bloodstream for the body's useNervousNeuronsCentral nervous systemPeripheral nervous systemBrainSpinal cordA complex communication system that monitors the body's internal and external environments and directs the activities of the bodyGenitourinaryKidneysUretersBladderUrethraTestesPenisOvariesUterusCervixVaginaVulvaThere are multiple, combined functions of this system that include filtering of waste products from the body and eliminating them in various ways, as well as reproduction.

Figure 1.1 Conformation of a normal side view.

Figure 1.2 Conformation of a normal hind and front view.

Figure 1.3 Conformation faults in the forelimb of the horse.

Figure 1.4 Conformation faults in the forelimb of the horse.

Figure 1.5 Conformation faults in the forelimb of a horse (frontal view).

Figure 1.6 Conformation faults in the hind limb of the horse (side view).

Figure 1.7 Conformation faults in the croup/hip of the horse (side view).

Figure 1.8 Conformation faults in the hind legs of a horse (back view).

Figure 1.9 Conformation faults in the hind limbs of a horse (side view).

Figure 1.10 Body condition scoring of the horse. (Reprinted with permission from AAEVT’s Equine Manual for Veterinary Technicians, published by Wiley Blackwell).

Figure 1.11 Body condition scoring chart of cattle.

Figure 1.12 Lower limb bones of the horse.

Figure 1.13 Diagram of the superficial muscles of the pig.

Figure 1.14 Equine skull.

Figure 1.15 Equine spinal column.

Figure 1.16 Diagram of the anatomy of the cow.

Figure 1.17 Diagram of the anatomy of the goat.

Figure 1.18 Diagram of the anatomy of the horse.

Figure 1.19 Diagram of the anatomy of the pig.

Figure 1.20 Lateral view of the respiratory tract of the horse.

Figure 1.21 Equine muscles.

Figure 1.22 Equine skeleton.

Chapter 2

Preventative Health Care

Amy D'Andrea and Jessica Sjogren

Introduction

Physical Examinations

Large Animal History

Preliminary Examination

Types of Physical Examinations

Physical Examination

Other Assessments

Vaccinations

Guiding Principles for Vaccinating an Animal

Adverse Reactions from Vaccinations

Vaccine Categories

Equine Injection Sites

Vaccines for Preventing Fatal Diseases in Horses

Vaccines to Minimize Illnesses in Horses

Areas of Injection and Blood Draws in Cattle

Dairy and Beef Cattle Vaccines

Small Ruminant Vaccines

Areas of Injection in Swine

Swine Vaccines

Rabies

Anthrax

Hoof Care

Common Diseases and Disorders of the Hoof

Lameness Grading Scale

Introduction

Preventative health care consists of services that are designed to help prevent diseases and/or ailments in animals. It includes routine physical examinations, vaccinations, deworming programs, nutrition, and hoof/foot and dental care (in large animals). Each species has a recommended preventative health care program that is designed for its optimum health benefits and encourages an overall healthier life. This approach to veterinary care is proactive, and it is important to establish a preventative program at every stage of life.

Physical Examinations

The physical examination is by far the most cost effect diagnostic tool available in veterinary medicine. Much can be learned about the animal through a thorough examination. Technicians can play vital roles by assisting the veterinarian in this process. It is also important that technicians have the ability to assess an animal's overall health so that they can better help their clients with compliance in animal care. Large animal species should have a physical examination at least once per year. A proper exam should be done prior to purchasing an animal, prior to immunization, prior to any procedure involving anesthetics, and when the veterinarian is visiting the farm to see an animal with a problem. The following tables will cover methods and specific areas of the physical examination in both pediatric and adult patients.