Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment An indispensable introduction to the key environmental processes of weathering and erosion Natural and human-induced weathering processes can have a great impact on soil and groundwater quality. With climate change and other environmental challenges placing increased emphasis on these resources, it has never been more important for researchers and environmental professionals to attain detailed knowledge of weathering and erosion processes. Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment meets this need with a rigorous, systematic overview. Beginning with a description of different forces and processes that contribute to weathering, it then discusses the different kinds of landforms that can be produced by weathering and erosion processes, as well as the potential impacts of hydrogeological processes on both surface water and groundwater. The result is a volume that balances qualitative and quantitative understanding of this crucial subject. Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment readers will also find: * Documented examples in which weathering and erosion processes have led to heavy metals and other trace elements in groundwater * Detailed discussion of climate change impacts, including extreme weather events and rising carbon dioxide levels * Modeling approaches throughout to enable quantitative assessment and predictions of future impact Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment is ideal for researchers and advanced students in geology, geochemistry, hydrogeochemistry and environmental science, as well as professionals dealing with water and soil management.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
List of Contributors
Preface
1 Heavy Metals in the Sediment of River Ganga: A Review
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Source of Heavy Metals
1.3 Effects on Human Health
1.4 Status of Heavy Metal in the Sediment of River Ganga
1.5 Comparative Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediment
1.6 Mitigation Strategies
1.7 Conclusion
References
2 Synergistic Process of Weathering and Erosion: Techniques of Measurement and Their Significance
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Method of Measuring Rock Surface Change
2.3 Contact Methods
2.4 Noncontact Methods
2.5 Techniques of Measuring Subsurface Changes in Rock
2.6 Techniques Based on Microscope for Measuring Rate of Weathering
2.7 Techniques Based on Infrared Microscopic Techniques
2.8 Techniques Based on Electron Microscopic Techniques
2.9 Techniques Based on Force Microscopy
2.10 Technique Based on 3D X‐Ray Microscopy Computed Tomography (CT)
2.11 Conclusion
References
3 Comparison of Major Hydrogeochemical Processes in Coastal Sedimentary and Hard Rock Aquifers of South India
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Study Area
3.3 Material and Methods
3.4 Results and Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Textural and Mineralogical Signatures of Fluvial Sediments in Mountain Streams of Contrasting Climates in the Southern Western Ghats (India)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Area
4.3 Methodological Framework
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.5 Summary and Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
5 Crucial Interplay of Microbial Communities in Controlling the Geogenic Processes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mechanical/Physical Weathering
5.3 Chemical Weathering
5.4 Biological Weathering
5.5 Weathering by Plants
5.6 Weathering by Animals
5.7 Microbial Weathering
5.8 Mechanisms of Microbial Weathering
5.9 Conclusion
References
6 Evolution of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Vulnerability of Western Himalayan Lake Sukhna, India
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Study Area
6.3 Data Used and Methodology
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.5 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contribution
References
7 Geochemical Characterization and Baseline Determination of Trace Elements in Stream Waters from a Part of the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.3 Results
7.4 Discussion
7.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
8 Identifying the Footprints of Meteorological, Tectonic, and Anthropogenic Parameters on Sediment Transport in the Indus River System: A Review
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Study Area
8.3 Geological and Tectonic Settings
8.4 Hydrologic Regime of the IRB
8.5 Climate Settings of the IRB
8.6 Precipitation in the IRB
8.7 Evaluation of Projections of Hydrometeorological Trends of the IRB
8.8 Conclusion
References
9 An Implication of Enhanced Rock Weathering on the Groundwater Quality: A Case Study from Wardha Valley Coalfields, Central India
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Study Area
9.3 Geology
9.4 Methodology
9.5 Characterization of the Groundwater
9.6 Spatial Source Approximation
9.7 Temporal Approximation
9.8 Conclusion
Appendix 9.1
Appendix 9.2
References
10 Soil Loss Rates in Trans‐Himalayan Region: Case Study of Shyok Suture Zone, Ladakh, India
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Study Area
10.3 Data and Methodology
10.4 Result and Discussion
10.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
11 Microbial Weathering of Rocks in Natural Habitat: Genetic Basis and Omics‐Based Exploration
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Microbial Diversity of Extreme Habitats
11.3 Factors Affecting Bio‐Weathering
11.4 Genes and Microbial Pathways
11.5 Microbial Interactions in Bio‐Weathering
11.6 Importance of Bio‐Weathering
11.7 Omics to Explore Microbial Weathering of Rocks
11.8 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
12 Occurrence of Arsenic (As) in the Aquatic Environment Due to Weathering and Erosion
12.1 Introduction
12.2 History and Extent of Arsenic Poisoning in an Aquatic System
12.3 Chemistry of Arsenic (Inorganic and Organic)
12.4 Source, Occurrence, and Distribution of Arsenic
12.5 Geochemistry and Arsenic Mobilization
12.6 Variation in As with the Groundwater Depth
12.7 Role of Geomorphology and Geo‐stratigraphy in As Mobilization
12.8 Role of Clay Minerals on As Mobilization
12.9 Conclusion
Declaration of Competing Interest
References
13 Atmospheric CO
2
Consumption Associated With Chemical Weathering in the Riverine Ecosystem
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Weathering and Ecosystem
13.3 Drivers of Chemical Weathering in the Riverine Ecosystem
13.4 Human‐Induced Drivers of Weathering Agents in the Riverine Environment
13.5 Atmospheric CO
2
, Carbonate, and Silicate Weathering
13.6 Chemical Weathering and Its Factor Affecting
13.7 Conclusion
References
14 Geoscientific Factors Affecting Weathering and Erosion of Surface Exposure and Rock Types
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Mechanical Weathering
14.3 Erosion
14.4 Case Study – A Mighty River, Kali Gandaki in Nepal
14.5 Erosion Rates Comparison Between Glaciated and Non‐Glaciated Basins
14.6 Conclusion
References
15 Impacts of Climate Change on Weathering and Erosion of Rock Types Exposed on Earths Surface
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Type of Weathering Mechanism
15.3 Impact of Climate on Weathering and Erosion
15.4 Impact of Weathering on Climate
15.5 Conclusion
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Heavy metals and their respective natural sources.
Table 1.2 The concentration of heavy metals present in the sediment of Rive...
Table 1.3 The concentration of heavy metals present in the sediment of Rive...
Table 1.4 Comparative analysis of different heavy metal concentrations in R...
Table 1.5 Sediment quality indices, with their respective ranges of classif...
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Maximum, Minimum, and Average of the different geochemical qualit...
Table 3.2 Chemical characters of groundwater for PRM and POM obtained from ...
Table 3.3 The order of dominance of cations and anions in different seasons...
Table 3.4 Correlation analysis and factor score of groundwater samples coll...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Textural parameters of sediments: MRB and PRB.
Table 4.2 Mineral abundance (%) in coarse‐, medium‐ and fine‐sand fractions...
Table 4.3 Quartz/feldspar ratio and MIA of the sediments of MRB and PRB.
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Few Bacterial Taxa reported mostly in mineral weathering.
Table 5.2 Habitat of few mineral weathering microorganisms.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1 Sediment deposition rates into Sukhna lake during different time ...
Table 6.2 Ordering of drainage in the sub‐catchments of the Sukhna lake and...
Table 6.3 Sediment yield using Garde and Kothyari (1987) model for the peri...
Table 6.4 Change in major LULCs in the study area.
Table 6.5 Storage capacity of the check dams and ponds in sub‐catchments of...
Table 6.6 Total number and area of check dams in different sub‐catchments d...
Table 6.7 Check dam's vis‐a‐vis stream length and drainage density of sub‐c...
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Basic statistics of physical–chemical parameters and anions in bo...
Table 7.2 Basic statistics of chemical parameters in both periods of MISB....
Table 7.3 Geochemical baseline threshold (GB) values and number of samples ...
Chapter 9
Table 9.1a The factor loading and the respective percentage contributions o...
Table 9.1b The factor loading and the respective percentage contributions o...
Table 9.2 The factor scores and the respective percentage contributions of ...
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Dataset used in this study.
Table 10.2 LULC classes
P
value have been assigned from the literature.
Table 10.3 Soil texture and assigned value.
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 Microorganisms present in extreme environments.
Table 11.2 Microorganisms involved in specific solubilization of rocks.
Table 11.3 Recent studies using omics approaches to determine microbial div...
Table 11.4 Microbial genes/enzymes and metabolic pathways involved in weath...
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 List of the countries with the maximum allowed As in their drink...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Map of the Ganga River Basin showing reviewed sampling locations ...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Study areas and sampling locations: (a) Cuddalore district and (b...
Figure 3.2 EC spatial variation of sedimentary aquifer in Cuddalore district...
Figure 3.3 Piper plot of groundwater samples during PRM and POM seasons: (a)...
Figure 3.4 Gibbs plot for mechanism controlling the water chemistry for diff...
Figure 3.5 Spatial distribution of factor score correlated with lithology du...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 The mountain river catchments, viz., MRB and PRB in the southern ...
Figure 4.2 Major rock types of MRB and PRB
Figure 4.3 Photograph of the locations of MSD5 (top) and PSD7 (bottom) sampl...
Figure 4.4 Textural characteristics of the sediments of the MRB and PRB. (a)...
Figure 4.5 (a) Variability of gravel and mud fractions, (b) weight percentag...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Overview of biological weathering process.
Figure 5.2 Types of lithobionts.
Figure 5.3 Microbial weathering mechanisms.
Figure 5.4 Omics approach to understand weathering microbial community.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Location map of the study area representing Sukhna lake and its c...
Figure 6.2 (a) Bulk density and dry density of sediment cores, (b) % moistur...
Figure 6.3
137
Cs activity in sediment cores collected from Sukhna lake bed....
Figure 6.4 Sediment deposition profiles of Sukhna lake during different peri...
Figure 6.5 Change in storage capacity of the Sukhna lake during different ye...
Figure 6.6 (a) Elevation, (b) Slope, and (c) drainage density map of the Suk...
Figure 6.7 LULC map representing the increase in the settlement and decrease...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Location maps: (a) Itacaiúnas river basin in the state of Pará; (...
Figure 7.2 Simplified maps of the study area: (a) Elevation; (b) Types of so...
Figure 7.3 (a) Geological domains of IRW; (b) simplified geological map of t...
Figure 7.4 EDA and Q–Q plots of (a) not normalized and (b) log normalized of...
Figure 7.5 Boxplots of physical–chemical parameters and anions of surface wa...
Figure 7.6 Boxplots of chemical elements from surface waters of the middle I...
Figure 7.7 Spatial distribution map of physico‐chemical parameters in two se...
Figure 7.8 Spatial distribution map of chemical elements in two seasons of t...
Figure 7.9 Spearman correlation matrix (r) of water quality parameters in tw...
Figure 7.10 Cluster of water quality variables in two seasons (a): rainy sea...
Figure 7.11 PCA water quality parameters in two seasons (a) rainy season; (b...
Figure 7.12 Gibbs plot showing the hydrogeochemical process controlling majo...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Flow diagram of Indus River
Figure 8.2 Indus catchment with subbasins and its tributaries
Figure 8.3 Geological map of Indus catchment with location map of the catchm...
Figure 8.4 Overview of drainage network of Indus catchment projected on digi...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Geology map of the study area with groundwater sample locations...
Figure 9.2 Piper plots for (a) Pre‐monsoon and (b) Post‐monsoon.
Figure 9.3 Gibbs plots for
x.
Pre‐monsoon and
y.
Post‐monsoon.
Figure 9.4 Line graphs for (a) Cd, (b) Fe, (c) Ni and (d) Pb.
Figure 9.5 Interpolation maps of the PC1 demonstrating the enrichments of mo...
Figure 9.6 P1’s microphotograph in (a) PPL (Qz‐ quartz, Flp‐ feldspar and Py...
Figure 9.7 P2’s microphotograph in (a) PPL (Qz‐ quartz, Mu‐ muscovite and C‐...
Figure 9.8 P3’s microphotograph in (a) PPL (C‐ carbonaceous matter) and (b) ...
Figure 9.9 P4’s microphotograph in (a) PPL (Qz‐ quartz, Flp‐ feldspar and Fu...
Figure 9.10 P5’s microphotograph in (a) PPL (Qz‐ quartz, Flp‐ feldspar and F...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Study area located in the upper Shyok river basin. 90 m spatial ...
Figure 10.2 Overall methodology adopted in this study.
Figure 10.3 Factors used for the RUSLE model to calculate the rate of soil l...
Figure 10.4 LULC map of the upper Shyok river basin, draped over hillshade. ...
Figure 10.5 Rate of soil loss in upper Shyok river basin and classified into...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Major Metabolic pathways involved in microbial weathering of roc...
Figure 11.2 Mechanism of weathering of rocks and minerals by soil bacteria e...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 World map showing As affected countries with As intensity (range...
Figure 12.2 Bangladesh arsenic pollution scenarios. Distribution of arsenic ...
Figure 12.3 State map of India showing Arsenic‐affected states and union ter...
Figure 12.4 Geology map of India, superimposed with the As contamination in ...
Figure 12.5 Pourbaix diagram for aqueous species of As at 25 °C and 1 bar to...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Graphical representation showing the role of biotic and abiotic ...
Figure 13.2 General overview of weathered material transport from the river ...
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Diagrammatic representation of constant force of gravity (
f
g
), i...
Figure 14.2 Rock stability at different sliding surfaces. (a) Large rock gli...
Figure 14.3 Kali Gandaki crosses the Greater Himalayas. The surrounding summ...
Figure 14.4 Kali Gandaki's Thakkhola glacial relics and restoration (Lower M...
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Depicts various forms of Weathering process
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
List of Contributors
Preface
Begin Reading
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment
Edited by
Virendra Bahadur Singh
University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Sughosh Madhav
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Naresh Chandra Pant
University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
Ravi Shekhar
Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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List of Contributors
Vikas AdlakhaWadia Institute of Himalayan GeologyDehradun, India
Amjad Al‐RashidiWater Resources DevelopmentManagement ProgramWater Research Center, Kuwait Institutefor Scientific Research, Kuwait
Bedour AlsabtiWater Resources DevelopmentManagement Program, Water ResearchCenter, Kuwait Institute for ScientificResearch, Kuwait
Uday BhanDepartment of Petroleum Engineering andEarth Sciences, UPESDehradun, India
Roberto Dall’AgnolPrograma de Pós‐graduação em UsoSustentável de Recursos Naturais emRegiões Tropicais, ITV, BelémBrazil; Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV)Belém, PA, Brazil; and Programa de Pós‐graduação em Geologia e GeoquímicaInstituto de Geociências, UniversidadeFederal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
Gessica da SilvaPrograma de Pós‐graduação em UsoSustentável de Recursos Naturais emRegiões Tropicais, ITVBelém, Brazil
Benidhar DeshmukhDiscipline of Geology, School of SciencesIndira Gandhi National Open UniversityNew Delhi, India
Rahul DevraniJindal School of Environment andSustainability, O.P. Jindal GlobalUniversity, Sonipat, Haryana, India
Prerna DiwanDepartment of Microbiology, Ram LalAnand College, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
Chandra S. DubeyK.R. Manglam UniversityGurugram, Haryana, India
Joystu DuttaDepartment of Environment ScienceSant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya SargujaAmbikapur, India; and IUCN Commissionon Ecosystem ManagementGland, Switzerland
Somenath GangulyDepartment of Petroleum Engineeringand Earth Sciences, UPES,Dehradun, India
Priyadarshan S. GanvirDepartment of Geology, M. G. Arts,Science and Late N. P. Commerce CollegeArmori, India
Lalit GoswamiDepartment of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National UniversityCheongju, South Korea
Rajeeva GuheyDepartment of GeologyGovt. N. P. G. College of ScienceRaipur, India
Rakesh K. GuptaDepartment of MicrobiologyRam Lal Anand CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi, India
Sunila HoodaDepartment of MicrobiologyRam Lal Anand CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi, India
Sabu JosephDepartment of Environmental SciencesUniversity of KeralaThiruvananthapuramKerala, India
Aseem KerkettaDepartment of BiotechnologySant Gahira Guru VishwavidyalayaSarguja, Ambikapur, India
Suhas Damodar KhobragadeHydrological Investigations DivisionNational Institute of HydrologyRoorkee, India
Vamsi K. KudapaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering andEarth Sciences, UPES, Dehradun, India
Anil KumarWadia Institute of Himalayan GeologyDehradun, India
Ashish KumarDepartment of BiotechnologySant Gahira Guru VishwavidyalayaSarguja, Ambikapur, India
Ashutosh KumarDepartment of Geology, Earth ScienceIndira Gandhi National Tribal UniversityAmarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
Prem KumarRam Lal Anand CollegeDepartment of GeologyUniversity of Delhi, Delhi, India
Rohit KumarDiscipline of Geology, School of SciencesIndira Gandhi National Open UniversityNew Delhi, India
Susheel KumarCentre for Petroleum ExplorationMizoram University, Aizawl, India
Sushil KumarDepartment of Environmental StudiesSiksha Bhavana (Institute of Science)Visva‐Bharati, SantiniketanWest Bengal, India
Anupma KumariDepartment of ZoologyPatna University, Patna, India
Anamika KushwahaDepartment of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National UniversityCheongju, South Korea
Ihsan U. LoneDiscipline of Geology, School of SciencesIndira Gandhi National Open UniversityNew Delhi, India
Nirlipta P. NayakDepartment of Petroleum Engineering andEarth Sciences, UPES, Dehradun, India
Amrita K. PandaDepartment of BiotechnologySant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya SargujaAmbikapur, India
Neeraj PantHydrological Investigations DivisionNational Institute of Hydrology, RoorkeeIndia; and School of EngineeringDesign and Built EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversitySydney, Australia
Mansi PodiaDepartment of MicrobiologyRam Lal Anand College, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
Shailendra PundirWadia Institute of Himalayan GeologyDehradun, India; and Departmentof Geology, Centre of Advanced StudyKumaun University, Nainital, India
Leandro S. QuaresmaPrograma de Pós‐graduação em UsoSustentável de Recursos Naturais emRegiões Tropicais, ITVBelém, Brazil
Jaya RaiRam Lal Anand CollegeDepartment of GeologyUniversity of Delhi, Delhi, India
Alagappan RamanathanSchool of Environmental SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
Pooja RaniDepartment of Vocational EducationIndira Gandhi National Tribal UniversityAmarkantakMadhya Pradesh, India
Rakesh K. RanjanDepartment of GeologySikkim University, Sikkim, India
Chidambaram SabarathinamWater Resources Development ManagementProgram, Water Research CenterKuwait Institute for Scientific ResearchKuwait
Prafulla K. SahooInstituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV)Belém, PA, Brazil; and Department ofEnvironmental Science and TechnologyCentral University of PunjabBathinda, India
Gabriel N. SalomãoInstituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV)Rua Boaventura da SilvaBelém, PA, Brazil
Kiran SathunuriDiscipline of Geology, School of SciencesIndira Gandhi National Open UniversityNew Delhi, India
Prabhat SemwalHydrological Investigations DivisionNational Institute of Hydrology, RoorkeeIndia
Singaraja ChelladuraiDepartment of Geology, PresidencyCollege, Chennai, India
Mohammed A. SulaimanDepartment of Zoology, Patna UniversityPatna, India
Shristy S. SwarnkarDepartment of Biotechnology, Sant GahiraGuru Vishwavidyalaya SargujaAmbikapur, India
Thilagavathi RajendiranDepartment of GeologyAnna UniversityChennai, India
Jobin ThomasDepartment of Geological and MiningEngineering and SciencesMichigan Technological UniversityHoughton, MI, USA
Thrivikramji Kythavilakom PillaiCentre for Environment andDevelopmentThiruvananthapuramKerala, India
Prerna YadavDepartment of MicrobiologyRam Lal Anand CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi, India
Shailesh K. YadavDepartment of GeologySikkim UniversitySikkim, India
Mohammad M. ZafarDepartment of ZoologyPatna UniversityPatna, India
Preface
Weathering is a process in which the earth's surface breaks down, dissolves, or wears out under the influence of atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and nuclear radiation. Erosion is the movement of substances on or below the surface of earth by flowing water, ice, and wind. Weathering and erosion are essential geochemical processes responsible for the formation of soil, sediment, dissolved solute, landforms, etc. There are three types of weathering, namely physical, chemical, and biological weathering. Various factors such as the composition of rock minerals, texture, temperature, and rainfall affect weathering and erosion. Climate change also impacts the weathering and erosion processes. Various anthropogenic activities accelerate the weathering and erosion processes, while several management strategies are also applied for controlling the weathering and erosion processes. Weathering and erosion have great significance on different types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Weathering and erosion create various landforms on the earth. The water quality of aquatic ecosystems is also controlled by weathering and erosion processes. Chemical weathering in the aquatic environment plays an essential role in sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere that exerts substantial impact on the climate. Sediment flux and nutrient geochemistry of surface water body is governed by the weathering and erosion processes. Various toxic elements such as arsenic and fluoride are derived from weathering of hard rock minerals in the aquatic environment that causes multiple types of diseases in human beings. Weathering and erosion are among the most important natural phenomena with vital significance. Thus, there is an urgent need to know about the fundamentals and recent advancements in the weathering and erosion processes.
This book covers weathering and erosion processes in the terrestrial and aquatic environment. This book contains chapters related to physical and chemical weathering, role of microbes in weathering and erosion, rock–water interaction, textural and mineralogical signatures, atmospheric CO2 consumption due to chemical weathering, climatic impact on weathering and erosion, sediment biogeochemistry, and causes of toxicity and pollution due to weathering in the aquifer. This current book deals with different geological and metrological factors that control weathering and erosion processes. The impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on weathering and erosion processes has also been discussed in the current book. CO2 sequestration induced with chemical weathering has also been discussed in this book. Sediment dynamics in the aquatic ecosystem and their relation with weathering will be part of this book. Metal fractionation and biogeochemistry in the aquatic ecosystem will also be part of this book. This book deals with the role of weathering in aquifer geochemistry and geogenic contamination in groundwater. It brings a holistic knowledge about the weathering and erosion processes, their measurement techniques, and significance to the natural environment. This book contains both practical and theoretical and latest and broad aspects of weathering and erosion.
This book will be useful for teachers, scientists, research scholars, and postgraduate students working in the field of geology, environmental sciences, weathering, erosion, geochemistry, hydrology, and climate change. We have tried to fill the gap in already published literatures by adding various aspects of weathering and erosion in this book. We have incorporated the book chapters of various authors having different backgrounds, which covers various aspects of weathering and erosion processes in the aquatic environment. We would like to express our gratitude to all the authors, reviewers, and publisher of this book for their dedicated work in publishing a remarkable and meaningful edited volume in the field of weathering and erosion.
