Why, O God? (Foreword by Randy Alcorn) E-Book

• Herausgeber: Crossway
• Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 617

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

With two in seven American families affected by disability, the body of Christ has a great opportunity for ministry. This new anthology uniquely points the way, training churches, caregivers, pastors, and counselors to compassionately respond. The book's contributors—ranging from Joni Eareckson Tada and others living with disabilities, to seminary professors, ministry leaders, and medical professionals—do more than offer a biblical perspective on suffering and disability; they draw from very personal experiences to explore Christians' responsibility toward those who suffer. The volume addresses various disabilities and age-related challenges, end-of-life issues, global suffering, and other concerns—all the while reminding readers that as they seek to help the hurting, they will be ministered to in return. This unprecedented work, which includes a foreword by Randy Alcorn, belongs in the hands of every Christian worker and caring individual who is seeking a real-world, biblical perspective on suffering. 

Leseprobe

“It has been said that suffering is the most common denominator among humans. Whether you are one of the 660 million people worldwide affected by disability, or your suffering takes another form, you’ve probably asked the question, ‘Why, God?’ Here is a book that addresses the difficult issues surrounding suffering and disabilities. I commend Waters and Zuck, and the other contributors, for powerfully calling the church to provide a biblical response to suffering and to point people to Christ.”

Steve Bundy, Managing Director, Joni and Friends Christian Institute on Disability

“This is the most comprehensive biblical theology on the mystery of human suffering I have ever read. Illustrated by deeply moving experiences from the lives of many of its authors, it can easily be adopted for effective public teaching.”

David C. Cotten, Pastor of Senior Adults, Edmond Faith Bible Church; Retire Vice President for Student Services, Professor of Pastoral Ministries, Dallas Theological Seminary

“Sadly, ministry to the disabled within our churches is a much-neglected area. This book rightly identifies it as a priority that demands our thoughtful response. Yet, never before has a single book combined such a rich harmony of insights from scholars across so many disciplines, ranging from biblical studies to the medical field. It reminds us, too, that disabled believers have an important ministry to the nondisabled in the church as bearing witness to the grace of God, who redeems all our sufferings with a loving purpose. This book will serve as a valuable resource in churches, colleges, and seminaries for years to come.”

Gary Cook, President, Dallas Baptist University

“Who doesn’t ask why? It is the question we all consider. I am grateful for this biblical and personal approach to suffering, which will minister love and healing to the body of Christ.”

Jack Graham, Pastor, Prestonwood Baptist Church, Plano, Texas

“The question as to why righteous individuals suffer is as old as the days of Job, a contemporary of Abraham. Why, O God? first faces the problem biblically, searching the Scriptures to find God’s perspective on suffering. Then it faces the problem experientially, as many who have seriously suffered share their stories to show the sufficiency of God’s grace and what they learned from their sufferings. A study of the first will provide a foundation for understanding suffering, and a study of the second will be an encouragement to all who suffer, because they bear testimony of the grace of God. This balanced approach provides a work that will answer many questions as to why the righteous suffer, and is highly recommended.”

J. Dwight Pentecost, Distinguished Professor of Bible Exposition, Emeritus, Dallas Theological Seminary

“What a wonderful book! Waters and Zuck have uniquely addressed the problem of suffering through the testimonies of those who have suffered and the lessons God has taught them. The wisdom of these fellow pilgrims is thoroughly buttressed with profound biblical studies by seminary professors, giving us needed insight into the question why. Any pastor or counselor will benefit from reading this—most of all, anyone who suffers or who knows someone who does. Highly recommended!”

Joseph Dillow, former President, BEE World

WHY, O GOD?

Why, O God? Suffering and Disability in the Bible and the Church

Copyright © 2011 by Larry J. Waters and Roy B. Zuck

Published by Crossway

                    1300 Crescent Street

                    Wheaton, Illinois 60187

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided for by USA copyright law.

Cover design: Studio Gearbox

Cover images: Veer and iStock

Interior illustrations: Dawn Waters Baker

Interior design and typesetting: Lakeside Design Plus

First printing 2011

Printed in the United States of America

Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations marked nasb are from The New American Standard Bible®. Copyright © The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Scripture quotations marked niv from the Holy Bible, New International Version®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 Biblica. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved. The “NIV” and “New International Version” trademarks are registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica. Use of either trademark requires the permission of Biblica.

Scripture references marked nkjv are from The New King James Version. Copyright © 1982, Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission.

All emphases in Scripture quotations have been added by the authors.

Trade paperback ISBN: 978-1-4335-2580-3

PDF ISBN: 978-1-4335-2581-0

Mobipocket ISBN: 978-1-4335-2582-7

ePub ISBN: 978-1-4335-2583-4

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Why, O God?: suffering and disability in the Bible and the church / edited by Larry J. Waters and Roy B. Zuck; foreword by Randy Alcorn.

               p.  cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4335-2580-3 (tp)

1. Suffering—Biblical teaching. 2. Suffering—Religious aspects—Christianity. 3. People with disabilities— Biblical teaching. 4. Church work with people with disabilities. I. Waters, Larry J. II. Zuck, Roy B.

BS680.S854W49  2011

248.8'6—dc22

2011001940

Crossway is a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.

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CONTENTS

Foreword by Randy Alcorn

9Part 1 Challenge and Need

1 Redeeming Suffering

JONI EARECKSON TADA

15

2 A Biblical Disability-Ministry Perspective

DANIEL R. THOMSON

23

3 Church-Based Disability Ministries

JESSICA JAMES BALDRIDGE

39

4 Disabilities and the Church

MICHAEL A. JUSTICE

55

5 The Rolling Throne

GREGORY A. HATTEBERG

69Part 2 Biblical Foundations

6 Suffering in the Pentateuch

STEPHEN J. BRAMER

87

7 Suffering in the Historical Books

STEPHEN J. BRAMER

99

8 Suffering in the Book of Job

LARRY J. WATERS

111

9 Suffering in the Psalms and Wisdom Books

RONALD B. ALLEN

127

10 Suffering in the Writing Prophets (Isaiah to Malachi)

STEPHEN J. BRAMER

147

11 A Biblical Theology of Suffering in the Gospels

MARK L. BAILEY

161

12 Suffering in Acts and the Pauline Epistles

STANLEY D. TOUSSAINT

183

13 Suffering in the Non-Pauline Epistles

JAMES E. ALLMAN

195

14 Suffering in the Book of Revelation

THOMAS L. CONSTABLE

207Part 3 Theology, Pastoral Ministry, and Missions

15 Receiving Evil from God

DOUGLAS K. BLOUNT

217

16 Pastoral Care and Disability

VICTOR D. ANDERSON

231

17 Global Suffering

JAMES A. NEATHERY

245Part 4 Counseling and Professional Services

18 Dealing with Disabilities in Adults

AMY J. WILSON

259

19 Children with Disabilities

PATRICIA EVANS

269

20 Bioethics and Suffering

RICHARD L. VOET

281

21 Death and Dying

LINDA M. MARTEN

297Part 5 Conclusion

22 Wheelchairs in Heaven?

JONI EARECKSON TADA

315

General Index

325

Scripture Index

329

FOREWORD

Randy Alcorn

I have never said yes to endorsing a book, much less to writing its foreword, unless I have believed in it. I anticipated Why, O God? would be good, but I am pleased to find it exceptional.

Let me offer some context. Because I’ve written books about heaven, over the years I’ve received hundreds of letters from people whose loved ones have died after extended periods of suffering. While researching my recent book If God Is Good: Faith in the Midst of Suffering and Evil, I read close to a hundred books on the problem of evil and suffering—books by theologians, pastors, physicians, Holocaust survivors, and atheists. I interviewed many sufferers, some of them victims of abuse, diseases, disabilities, and accidents, others who’ve lost children and spouses.

This is why I don’t appreciate neat, tidy, and superficial references to suffering that seem to say, “Cheer up,” and “God will protect his children from suffering,” and “It’s not so bad if you’re a Christian.” Actually, it’s sometimes very bad. As our dear friend Joni Eareckson Tada—one of this book’s contributors—told me, “Suffering is a messy business.”

Why, O God? addresses issues in the Bible, theology, church and pastoral ministry, counseling, and much more. Each chapter makes a unique contribution, and the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Rarely have I seen such biblical and theological knowledge integrated with moving and helpful personal stories and extremely practical ministry guidance. And as a bonus, I enjoyed the beautiful art.

There’s something in this bookfor everyone—whether you’re looking for biblical perspective on suffering, insights in how to serve those who suffer, hands-on guidance on establishing a disability ministry in your church, or help in dealing with the ethical questions in end-of-life issues.

I particularly appreciate the fact that the writers are not strangers to suffering. After forty plus years in a wheelchair, Joni says, “Disability ministry is not disability ministry unless the disabled are ministering.” One of the authors has raised an autistic child, another’s wife has multiple sclerosis, one is an insulin-dependent diabetic who’s had two kidney transplants and is legally blind. Another—whom I know personally—grew up with a disabled father, stood by his daughter in a long battle with leukemia, then suffered a serious head injury from a biking accident, which has resulted in nine years of nearly constant pain. These are not ivory-tower theologians, out-of-touch academics, or head-in-the-sand clerics. These are real people in touch with real people, daily serving a God who shed real blood on a cross.

One of the things I love about Why, O God? is how it demonstrates that there is much more to helping suffering people than wheeling them forward in healing services and then hiding in the back of the church those who aren’t healed. My friend John, a church elder, told me of a handicapped woman visiting his church who had been in many other churches over her lifetime. After observing him on the platform in his wheelchair with the other elders, she told him he was the first disabled church leader she had ever seen.

My mind goes to one of the stories in Why, O God?, about six men in a church being trained to take care of a disabled man in eight-hour shifts in order to free his wife to attend a weekend women’s retreat. Everyone came out ahead—the man, his wife, the men who served, and the Lord who took pleasure in it. This is the church at its best—not denying suffering or ignoring it or cloaking it, but bringing to it the love of our suffering Savior. An uncaring world will never be won to Christ by an uncaring church. But when people see the church behaving like this, they will line up to find out about the Christ we serve.

Finally, I appreciate this book’s eternal perspective. Christians are empowered by God’s Spirit, covered by his grace, and assured of the resurrection to the happiest life imaginable on a new earth. We should never forget this, and it can sustain us through great heartache. But meanwhile we are not immune to the fall and the curse. Only when we fully realize this can we see the loving power of God’s sovereign grace. Because even the very bad, in the hands of our Redeemer who turned history’s worst Friday into Good Friday, is part of the “all things” God will ultimately work together for our good.

To top it off, the final paragraph of Why, O God? is one of the most powerful you’ll ever read. You could turn to it now, but I recommend reading all the way through to appreciate its significance!

My thanks to each of the authors and also to Larry Waters and Roy Zuck for assembling this excellent book. May it bring honor to the risen Christ and enrichment to his people until the day we see his outstretched hands, marked by the scars of his love for us.

Dawn Waters Baker graduated magna cum laude from Dallas Baptist University. During her college years she became aware that art was her calling. She gives seminars for churches, colleges, and seminaries on how God can be communicated through art. Dawn’s work is displayed at the Riverbend Fine Art Gallery, Marble Falls, Texas, and is also collected by many businesses and private owners, including Dallas Theological Seminary and Dallas Baptist University. A list of her awards and commissions can be found atwww.dawnsartsite.com.

PART ONE

CHALLENGE AND NEED

Suffering, by Dawn Waters Baker. “I prayed a long time about this painting as I wrestled with how to share suffering to which all could relate,” she explains. “At first I had a wheelchair in the picture, but I thought viewers would feel, ‘that’s them,’ instead of seeing themselves. So I had the figure seated as if he is getting up from bed, and the weight of his day is crashing in on him like a storm. The dark sky conveys how suffering feels: there is nothing but darkness. I painted a soft light coming in on the right as God’s presence. He is not overtaking the man, and the man has not even noticed the light. Yet God is there.”

Joni Eareckson Tada is the founder and chief executive officer of Joni and Friends, an organization that is accelerating Christian ministry in the disability community. A flagship program of Joni and Friends is the Christian Institute on Disability, which offers internships, studies in public policy, curriculum, and coursework in disability ministry. The institute promotes a biblical worldview on key issues related to disability, including stem-cell research, health-care reform, euthanasia, and physician-assisted suicide.

Joni’s role as a disability advocate led to a presidential appointment to the National Council on Disability during the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. She also served on the State Department’s Disability Advisory Committee under Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.

1

REDEEMING SUFFERING

Joni Eareckson Tada

Greg Barshaw, an elder at the Grace Community Church in Southern California, received a phone call one day from a neighboring pastor. This pastor and Greg often studied the Bible together over coffee in the mornings. The pastor said, “Greg, a friend in my church has a little boy with multiple disabilities, and I’m wondering if your church would want to help this mom and dad and young boy.” Greg thought it was a good idea. He would be happy to reach out to this family. But then, when he pressed the pastor further, he realized that additional issues were involved. Then the pastor said, “To be honest, Greg, I’m afraid one day this father will walk into my study, slam his fist on my desk, and say, ‘Tell me why God has cursed me with a son with multiple disabilities? How is it that God has done this?’ I have no idea how I would answer him.”

Greg realized that this pastor had an issue with the theology of suffering and that he was not sure how he would address that family’s needs. One can understand that pastor’s fear. God’s sovereignty is sometimes scary. Sometimes a person wakes up in the middle of the night—even as I do right now with chronic pain that is related to my disability—and he thinks, Who is this God?

Does God say, “Into each life a little rain must fall,” and then aim a hose in earth’s general direction to see who gets the wettest? That’s what I thought when I was first injured. When I took that deep dive into shallow water, I thought that my spinal-cord injury was a flip of the coin. I thought it was a fluke of fate. I thought if God had anything to do with it, he was caught off guard. Perhaps he was off somewhere listening to the prayers of more obedient saints. Or perhaps he was in the Middle East fulfilling prophecy. Or maybe he was listening to the prayers of people with cancer.

I did not know where God was, but I assumed he was not on that raft when I took that dive. I figured that Satan probably was the one who came sneaking up behind me while God had his back turned, and Satan gave a big hard shove with his foot, and off I went. And then God turned around, saw what had happened, and responded, “Oh, my! How will I patch things up for this girl’s good and my glory?”

And then I imagined God had to go get his WD-40 and his fix-it glue and come back and scratch his head and try to figure out how he could fix my situation. I assumed God had been caught off guard when Satan threw a monkey wrench into his plans for my life. A view like that may have been the view of a seventeen-year-old girl lying on a Stryker frame, frustrated, frightened, embittered. But a view like that says that God is helpless and is held hostage by my handicap, just as I was.

I realized, though, that God was bigger than that. I had enough sense to know that the Bible probably has answers for my plight somewhere, but I had no idea where to look. I had no idea where to turn.

After I got out of the hospital, a young man knocked on my door. He was a sophomore from the local high school where I had graduated. He knew I had some tough questions about God. He did not have all the answers, but he said he was willing to help me in a Bible study, and he would assist me in tackling the tough questions about why this happened. And when he told me he would be willing to do that, the very first thing I did was ask him straight on, “How can this be God’s will?”

Just a year earlier Steve had prayed that God would draw me closer to him. So how could this be an answer to that prayer? If this is the way God treats his believers, especially young believers, he would never be trusted with another prayer again. How could any of this be God’s will? That was a good question forty years ago, when I broke my neck, and it is still a good question today.

Many are asking the same question. They may not have broken necks. But some of them have broken hearts, and others have broken homes. Some are experiencing hardships that have ripped into their sanity, leaving them numb and bleeding, and they too ask, “God, how can this be your will?”

Steve said a very wise thing to me. “Look, Joni—think of Jesus Christ. He was the most God-forsaken man who ever lived. And if we can find answers for his life, they should be able to suffice for your life. So, Joni, let me turn your question around. Do you think it was God’s will for Jesus to suffer as he did? Do you think it was his will for Jesus to go to the cross?”

“Well,” I thought, “that’s a stupid question. Of course it was God’s will for Jesus to go to the cross.”

And then he said something curious. “I want you to look at all the awful things that happened to Jesus on that cross. No doubt it was the Devil who inspired Judas Iscariot to hand over the Savior for a mere thirty pieces of silver. And no doubt Satan prodded Pontius Pilate to hand down mock justice in order to gain political popularity. And no doubt it was the Devil who inspired that mob to scream for Christ’s crucifixion. And no doubt it was the Devil who pushed those soldiers to torture Jesus. How can any of that be God’s will: treason, injustice, murder, torture?” He had me there, because I could not conceive of those things being part of God’s will.

But then Steve did an interesting thing. He turned to and read Acts 4:28. “They”—that is, Herod and Pontius Pilate, the mob in the streets, and the soldiers—“did what [God’s] power and will had decided beforehand should happen” (niv). And the world’s worst murder suddenly became the world’s only salvation.

God did not violate the will of the people who did those awful things. The sin was in their hearts. God permits all sorts of things he does not approve of. He lets out the rope so that they might fulfill their evil plans and wicked schemes. Perhaps the Devil thought, I will stop God’s Son dead in his tracks. No more of this ridiculous talk about redemption. But God’s motive was to abort that devilish scheme and throw open the floodgates of heaven so that whoever will may come to him. God always aborts devilish schemes to serve his own ends and accomplish his own purposes.

“Joni,” my friend Steve said to me, “God permits what he hates in order to accomplish what he loves.” Heaven and hell can end up participating in the exact same event but for different reasons. Ephesians 1:11 puts it plainly: God “according to [his] purpose . . . works all things according to the counsel of his will.” I found strange comfort in that thought. I believe it was Dorothy Sayers who said, “God wrenches out of evil positive good for us and glory for Himself.” In other words, he redeems it.

God redeems suffering. The God of life is the only one who can conquer death by embracing it. And so death no longer has the victory, and neither does suffering. Christ has given it meaning, not only for salvation but also for sanctification, and that is the best part. It tells us we are no longer alone in our hardships, our disabilities. Our suffering is not a flip of the coin; it is not a fluke of fate. We are not in the middle of some divine cosmic accident. No, our suffering can be redeemed. Oh, the wonder of such a thought that it is all for our sanctification, our relationship with him, and our witness to a world in need of redemption.

God will often permit suffering, just as he is allowing it in my life. After forty years of quadriplegia, with my chronic pain and now shortness of breath, I can say, God will permit that broken heart. God will permit that broken home. God will permit that broken neck. Suffering then is like a sheep dog snapping at my heels, driving me down the road to Calvary, where otherwise I might not naturally be inclined to go.

God is the one who takes suffering like a jackhammer and breaks apart the rocks of resistance. He takes the chisel of the pain and the bite of hardship and chips away at one’s pride. And then sufferers are driven to the cross by the overwhelming conviction that they have nowhere else to go. No one is naturally drawn to the cross. Human instincts do not naturally lead people there.

This may well be the most important reason every church needs a disability ministry in its congregation. People with disabilities, unlike others, are driven to the cross by the overwhelming conviction that they have no other place to go. That is eventually what happened to the father of that little boy with multiple disabilities.

The father came to realize that God allowed this in his life. God brought this child into their family so that that family might be united around the cross of Jesus Christ, that they might find help in time of need, that they might find strength in their weakness. People with disabilities may well be God’s best audiovisual aids of these powerful truths to the rest of the congregation. Disabled people are audiovisual aids on how suffering should be handled. People who are suffering always have something to say to those who are facing lesser conflicts.

Let me give you an example. If you listen to the Joni and Friends radio program or read our materials, you know that we hold retreats all across the country for families affected by disabilities. This year we will hold twenty-two retreats serving almost three thousand disabled children, adults, and other family members. Just before one of these retreats, I was glancing over the registration cards of the people who would be attending. I came across the name Karla Larson, and when I read the description of her disability, I was amazed. She had lost both of her legs. She was legally blind. She had suffered a heart attack, had had a kidney transplant, and had lost three fingers. I thought, Oh, my. I’d better meet this woman. I could not believe that she would be strong enough to make it to our family retreat.

When I wheeled up to Karla Larson, excited to meet her, I said, “Karla, I’m so glad you were able to come. I’m so surprised you’re here.” She replied, “Well, Joni, I thought I’d better come before I lose any more body parts.” Obviously this woman had not lost her sense of humor. And she had such a fabulous time at our family retreat. We had five days of fun, inspiration, Bible studies, wheelchair square dancing, wheelchair zip lines, wheelchair disco—it was such fun.

After the retreat Karla wrote me a thank-you note, tied to the toe of one of her plastic prosthetic legs. She sent me her foot in the mail. And the note read, “Dear Joni, since all of me cannot be with all of you all of the time, part of me will have to do.” Observing that woman—a double amputee, missing her fingers, legally blind, with a kidney transplant—I learned something about God.

What I learned is that perhaps the greatest good that suffering can work for a believer is to increase his or her capacity for God. The greater one’s need, the greater will be his capacity. And the greater the capacity, the greater will be one’s experience of the Savior. Karla is a good example of how people can embrace their sufferings, knowing that God’s power will always show up in their weakness.

This is what disability ministry is all about. It is less about helping poor unfortunates. It is less about blessing them. And it is more about them blessing the “nondisabled.” It is more about the way people think of what their weaknesses are to do for them. People like Karla should remind believers how suffering “works” in their lives. According to 1 Corinthians 12:22, “The parts of the body that seem to be weaker are indispensable.”

In the body of Christ we often admire the hands, feet, eyes, and lips, and all the showy, up-front gifts—the attractive parts. I tend to think Karla Larson would make a good pancreas in the body of Christ. Not very comely, not very attractive to look at. In fact, people do not even talk about the pancreas, but the body cannot survive without it. The body can survive without use of the hands. I can prove that. The body can survive without the use of the feet. I can prove that too. But the body cannot survive without a pancreas.

This is why weaker members are indispensable. People who are weak, people like Karla Larson, showcase Titus 2:7: “Show yourself . . . to be a model of good works.” They set an example by doing what is good; they showcase the Lord’s ability to others. They sustain those who face lesser conflicts.

If the grace of God can sustain a woman who is a double amputee and half blind, or if God’s grace can sustain a quadriplegic who deals with chronic pain, then everyone ought to be boasting in his affliction, delighting in his infirmity. As sufferers rejoice in their weaknesses, they can then boast that Christ’s power is made manifest in them.

People’s disabilities can be the best embodiment of these marvelous truths from God’s Word. Disability ministry is a ministry of redemption. If the cross can be seen not as a symbol of torture but as a symbol of hope and life, then a wheelchair can be “redeemed” from a symbol of confinement to a representation of an intimate fellowship with the Lord Jesus Christ.

If someone looks at a person like Karla and thinks, “I could never handle suffering like hers,” or if someone looks at me and thinks, “I could never be a quadriplegic like you,” then maybe that person needs to read 1 Peter 2:21: “To this you have been called, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, so that you might follow in his steps.”

Karla is now in heaven. Her disabilities finally took over, and she lost a few too many body parts. But I know she’s rejoicing in heaven. No more intimate, sweeter fellowship with the Lord Jesus Christ can ever be realized than through suffering. God shares his joy on his terms, and those terms call for believers to suffer in some measure as his precious Son suffered when he was here on earth. And the union and the sweetness of intimacy with the Savior is priceless.

So disability is ministry. It is not an off-to-the-side, nice ministry to pitiable, poor unfortunates who need help. Rather, disability ministry is an up-front, in-your-face demonstration of these valuable lessons. It is a means of showcasing redemption to everyone, helping them learn how to respond to their own afflictions as well as helping them understand God’s motives in their suffering.

When my accident happened, maybe the Devil’s motive was to shipwreck the faith of that young, seventeen-year-old girl. Maybe he wanted to use her to make a mockery out of God’s goodness. Maybe he hoped to defame God’s sweet character. But remember, God is in the business of aborting devilish schemes. And God’s motive in my accident was to abort that devilish scheme and turn a headstrong, stubborn, rebellious teenager into a woman who can reflect something of his patience, something of his perseverance, something of his endurance, something of his character. And after forty years in a wheelchair, I can say that my own suffering has lifted me out of my spiritual slumber. It has got me seriously thinking about the lordship of Christ in my life. It has helped convince this skeptical, cynical world that my God is worth trusting. It has shown me that we can be loyal to him despite our afflictions and infirmities, that disability ministry should have priority in the church, and that heaven is real.

And my suffering has shown me that there are more important things in life than walking and using your hands. Most of all, it has shown me that Jesus Christ, the Man of Sorrows, saves and sanctifies through suffering. And the wonderful part is that a person does not have to break his or her neck to believe it.

Daniel R. Thomson, a ThM graduate of Dallas Theological Seminary, has practiced physical therapy in both the rehabilitation and home-health settings for twelve years. Because of his clinical and personal experience, he has developed a passion for ministering to and through individuals affected by disability. Daniel and his wife, Kim, a pediatric occupational therapist, share a desire to encourage church leaders to value ministry endeavors that intentionally include the disabled.

2

A BIBLICAL DISABILITY-MINISTRY PERSPECTIVE

Daniel R. Thomson

Disability ministry is not disability ministry until the disabled are ministering.

—JONI EARECKSON TADA

Chuck Jones, a Dallas Theological Seminary graduate of the class of 1984 (MABS) and 1992 (ThM), has recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease). This is a degenerative motor neurological disease that results in progressive weakening of the entire body, ending in paralysis and eventual death. It is a brutal, relentless disease with no known cure. When Chuck was first officially diagnosed, his neurologist insisted that he join a local Lou Gehrig’s secular support group. Chuck’s initial reply was noteworthy, “I don’t want to go there right now to learn how to die. I’d rather initially be with fellow Christians who have ALS to learn how to live!” Unfortunately no such group was known to exist.

If there is ever a group of individuals who trust and eagerly anticipate the fulfillment of the eternal promises of God, it is the believing disabled. If there is ever a group of individuals who seek to have God’s purposes demonstrated in and through their lives, it is the believing disabled. When Chuck was diagnosed, he did not want to put up the white surrender flag and go home to his deathbed. He wanted to see God work through his life and his disability while coming to know others who had the same goal. Chuck was less concerned about the why of his diagnosis. Knowing his sovereign God, he wanted to know the what. What did God want to use this disease for in and through his life and the lives of others with the precious time he had left?

When encountering individuals affected by disability, believers are often content to “minister” empathetically to their needs, if they honestly reach out and minister to this population at all. Rarely do Christians recognize God’s potential power when he ministers through them. When someone in a wheelchair offers someone a glass of water on a hot sunny day, that speaks volumes. When someone who in the world’s perspective has reason to curse God but instead praises him, trusts him, and serves him and others—despite circumstances—there is power! Power that can be felt. Power that can be seen. Power that testifies to the truth of the gospel working intimately in and through their lives. Should believers be surprised to see God work through human weakness? Jesus Christ tells us otherwise: “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness” (2 Cor. 12:9). In weakness his plan unfolds. Through human weakness his purposes are accomplished. When churches as a whole grasp this concept, understanding its full implications, individuals affected with disabilities should be seen as essential in the body of Christ (1 Cor. 12:22).

A Large and Notable Gap

I have worked as a physical therapist for twelve years. Approximately nine of those years have been in home health. Clearly a monumental gap exists between the local churches and the disabled population. All too often individuals and families go through the most difficult trials and circumstances of their lives in isolation from the Christian community. Available support is fleeting. Relationships are few. Stress is high. Caregiver burnout is frequent and inevitable. Marriages fall apart. Abuse sometimes settles in. Financial ruin draws nearer every day. Who will help close this gap while helping to meet real needs? It is the prayer of the authors of this text that the current and future generations of pastors and Christian servant-leaders will lead their congregations to do just that. Typically if the shepherds do not lead, the flock will not follow.

A Growing Population Affected by Disability

Cornell University published its 2007 Disability Status Report for the United States based on data from the American Community Survey. This study estimated that the approximate number of individuals in the United States with a significant functional disability who are both over the age of five and noninstitutionalized is 41.3 million. This is approximately one in seven Americans. The study estimated that in southern states, this ratio drops closer to one in five.1 For example, in the year 2000, Dallas County, Texas, had an estimated population of 392,311 individuals with a disability among 2,014,547 people over the age of five.2 More realistically the government-funded National Organization on Disability reports that 54 million Americans are affected by disability.3 This number does not take into account the additional millions of family members who are touched by their loved one’s disablement.

Table 1. US prevalence of disability in 2007 Disability Prevalence Rates

6.3 percent for persons ages 5–156.8 percent for persons ages 16–2012.8 percent for persons ages 21–6429.7 percent for persons ages 65–7452.9 percent for persons ages 75 and older*

*Erickson and Lee, 2007 Disability Status Report: United States, 3.

The prevalence rates for disability in the United States are striking (see table 1). As age increases, so does the percentage of individuals with a functional disability. Roughly one in sixteen American children between the ages of five and fifteen have a functional disability. The rate skyrockets to approximately one in two for individuals over the age of seventy-five.4 The US Bureau of the Census predicted that “Americans 65 years old and over will make up 20 percent of the total population by the year 2030 compared with about 12 percent currently.”5 The brief concluded that the prevalence of disability in most communities is expected to accelerate notably in the coming decades.

Key Observations from Disability Statistics and Prevalence

Observation 1: Suffering and Disability Are Normal in This Life

Often one of the first things my patients say while processing their long-term prognosis from a functionally limiting disability is, “I just want to be normal again.” Are they experiencing a “normal” experience on this side of eternity? Should Christians be surprised by disability? Considering its prevalence, is it normal or abnormal to have a disability in this life? Taking this question a step further, is it normal or abnormal to suffer even if one is a Christian?

In her insightful book, Same Lake, Different Boat, Stephanie Hubach asks these same questions. While processing a biblical theology of suffering and disability when her child was born with Down syndrome, Hubach wrote:

On every level of every dimension of the human experience there is a mixture of both the blessedness of creation and the brokenness of the fall. Disability is essentially a more noticeable form of the brokenness that is common to the human experience—a normal part of life in an abnormal world. It is just a difference of degree along a spectrum that contains difficulty all along its length.6

The prevalence numbers suggest that having a disability is actually a normality in this present world. Unfortunately the prosperity gospel suggests that since Jesus Christ suffered and died for the world, people need not suffer in this life. With this view, many people of faith see disability as an abnormality. When we suffer personally or encounter individuals who are suffering, it is vitally important to maintain a biblical perspective toward God’s goodness and his sovereignty while also recognizing the reality of evil and suffering in this world that impacts both Christians and non-Christians. Several chapters in this book discuss a biblical theology of suffering and disability, but here it is important to capture a glimpse of God’s overarching plan for suffering and disability as it relates to the timeline of human history.

Living between the Trees

Trees maintain a prominent place as representative markers in God’s plan for human history (see fig. 1).7 Specifically the “tree of life” is the focus here. Twice this tree is found in Scripture. In Genesis 2:9 it is at the heart of the garden of Eden. In Revelation 22:2 the tree of life is found bordering the “river of the water of life” (v. 1) in God’s eternal kingdom. People today are living in a time “between the trees.” In both contexts the tree of life flourishes in a place unblemished by the effects of sin, without the presence of suffering and death. Suffering and disability are literally nonexistent in these worlds of perfection.

Adam and Eve were the only human beings to dwell in the perfect world of the garden of Eden. Something drastic changed the everyday reality that every human being after them would face, including Adam and Eve later in their own lives. When sin entered, suffering and disability become a normality in what is now a cursed, abnormal world (Gen. 3:14–19). After the fall, suffering and disability now exist as a normality in that they are common and expected. This is now a cursed, abnormal world for it is tainted by the effects of human sin, now outside of God’s perfect environment of the garden of Eden. This reality of suffering and death from its onset persists for both believers and nonbelievers to this very day.

If one holds a prosperity-gospel perspective toward life, suffering and disability in a sense have become an abnormality in this abnormal world until the eternal kingdom begins. After all, if a believer is not supposed to suffer (“God wants you to have health and wealth in this life”), then suffering and disability do not fit the paradigm. With this viewpoint suffering and disability historically become an abnormality at the cross of Jesus Christ. He suffered and died so that people do not have to. With this belief, faith in him and his sacrifice provides access to his extended grace (including physical and material blessings).

Biblically speaking, believers should expect hardships, sufferings, and even disability in this life (e.g., John 15:18; 16:33; Rom. 8:23, 35–39; 2 Cor. 4:16–18; 2 Tim. 2:3; 3:12; 1 Pet. 1:6–7). Suffering and disability are a normality in an abnormal world, as Hubach observes, even beyond the cross of Jesus Christ. Long-term earthly prosperity with the absence of suffering is not the norm. However, in the future—in the millennial kingdom (Revelation 20)—suffering and disability will become an abnormality in an abnormal world. With Jesus reigning on the throne with resurrected saints (vv. 4–6), death and suffering will not have a hold on those who have been resurrected. Disability and suffering will be abnormal (actually nonexistent) among those who have been raised. Even with Christ on the earthly throne of David, suffering and death will still exist during this future time in history, especially against the deceived (vv. 7–9), which makes this time period abnormal, not yet a part of God’s perfect plan to be revealed with the eternal kingdom.

One day as promised, the Devil, suffering, and death will finally be done away with forever (vv. 10, 14). But until then they still have a presence among and against humanity. Today faith in Christ does not exempt one from suffering, hardship, and eventual death before the return of Jesus Christ. The beauty of it all is seen in what God ultimately accomplishes through suffering as part of his sovereignty and plan (Rom. 8:28), with the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross being the ultimate example. God works redemptively through suffering and death—even if people do not understand or see all the reasons why. Believers, however, do know the Who, which makes it possible to endure temporary hardships as one maintains an eternal hope and biblical perspective toward the realities of life.

Observation 2: Something Needs to Change!

How many church rosters reflect the prevalence rates for disability in the United States? Are local churches honestly inviting to those affected by disability? Does the children’s ministry have one child with a disability for every sixteen who are present? Herein lies the gap. Research shows that the disabled are out there—often behind closed doors where few go.

As a home-health physical therapist, I have witnessed what suffering and disability in isolation can do to families in the home. Something needs to change. Outcomes from the 2000 US census suggest that two in every seven American families have a family member with a disability.8 Think of the ramifications! The impact of disability goes far beyond the individual with the disablement. If a church does not intentionally minister to the needs of individuals with functionally limiting disablements, the family as a whole is not being ministered to adequately. The whole family may avoid church if there is no place for their disabled loved one. Considering the millions of families who in turn suffer in isolation, it is not surprising that families who have children with a disability have significantly higher rates of divorce or separation, as well as lower average household incomes, when compared to families with children without a disability.9 What is being done to minister to these families? Through their research and satellite offices around the country, Joni and Friends (a leading global disability ministry organization, joniandfriends.org) estimates that only 15 percent of churches have an organized disability ministry. Something major needs to change.

Observation 3: Disability Ministry Needs to Reach across the Whole Spectrum

Bonnie Banker, director of Joni and Friends, Dallas, recently compiled a list of known church-based disability ministries in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Her search revealed fifty-three churches in the metroplex with an “official” disability ministry. However, in the Dallas yellow pages alone (not including Fort Worth) there are fifteen pages of churches listed in small print! Of the fifty-three ministries, thirty-five minister only to children with disabilities (66 percent). As stated earlier, in the year 2000 Dallas County had an estimated 392,311 individuals with a disability among 2,014,547 people over the age of five.

Several conclusions can be drawn from these facts. First, disability ministries are relatively few in light of the overwhelming number of churches in the metroplex. Second, the ratio of disabled to nondisabled in most churches is probably much wider than the ratio in the community (one in five). Third, the focus of the majority of disability ministries in the metroplex is with children, the segment of the population with the fewest disabled. This final point is not meant to downgrade the importance of “special-needs” ministries to children and their parents. These ministries are doing a great job. However, a children’s “special-needs” disability ministry is just the starting point. True disability ministry needs to go much further since the majority of the disabled population is over the age of eighteen. If a disability ministry is led by a children’s pastor, this may be more of a hindrance than a help, for over time this can stunt growth of the ministry to other age-groups.

The First Church of the Nazarene in Pasadena, California (paznaz.org), has a disability ministry called In His Image that more adequately covers the age spectrum. The keys to the whole ministry are an involved, accepting church led by a senior pastor who enthusiastically supports the ministry, and the disability pastor assigned to lead it.

A person with a disability does not necessarily have a cognitive impairment. Take, for example, Henry, who recently suffered a stroke that paralyzed the right side of his body and impaired his ability to speak. He can clearly understand everything stated to him, but he is not able to respond verbally. This condition is known as expressive aphasia, which commonly follows a stroke that affects the left side of the brain. Henry decided he wanted to visit a local church one Sunday morning. He entered the building in his wheelchair, and an usher greeted him. When Henry was unable to respond, the usher instinctively directed him to the adult special-needs ministry class, which teaches a fourth-grade level curriculum. Insulted, Henry did not return to the church, nor had he any desire to pursue any church relationship following this incident.

A true disability ministry must reach across the age spectrum and the cognitive spectrum. A disability ministry that is geared only toward those who are cognitively dependent can cast a degrading shadow within the church culture on those disabled who are cognitively independent. This observation is not meant to place cognitively independent disabled individuals in a corner. However, having an intentional aspect of the disability ministry that serves them is essential. This aspect of the ministry can be a key available resource to reach out and meet real needs while promoting healthy integration within the church and its ministries. Often the ministry needs first to reach “in” to the nondisabled congregation and church staff to educate them about common disablements and appropriate etiquette rooted in unconditional love, a nonjudgmental approach, and mutual respect.

Observation 4: Disability Ministry Is Not Just a Ministry “Out There”

It is easy for someone to read the statistics, consider the conclusions, and gain a glimpse into the needs of the disabled, yet not feel a connection to disability ministry. After all, this is a portion of church culture that has been mostly out of sight and out of mind. However, disability is closer than many realize.

The words disability, abnormality, and special needs often have strong mental images and perceptions associated with them. Yet no one desires to be labeled, especially when the label conveys the idea that one is not able to perform a task or that he is special, abnormal, or needy. For a moment, let us turn the table. A label that everyone without a disability wears, whether knowingly or not, is temporarily able-bodied. It describes people who are not disabled but live one accident, disease, or event away from disability. The truth is that we are closer to the possibility of disability than we may realize. The prevalence rates confirm this. As age goes up, so does the prevalence—from one in sixteen among children to one in two among senior adults. Much time, money, and effort can be invested in creating and leading a disability ministry that serves “others.” One day, however, this ministry may in fact serve you! What would it mean then to you personally? What would it mean to your family?

Closing the Gap While Promoting God’s Ministry

Disability ministry does not have to begin in a church with a fully devoted salaried staff and an itemized budget. It can begin with one individual seeking to meet the needs of another. It can be as simple as reaching out to the child in the corner in a wheelchair or offering to babysit for a church member who has a child with a disablement. It can be opening the doors of the church and allowing a secular Alzheimer’s support group to use the church facilities for free. Or some church members can volunteer to help a local assisted-living facility or nursing home. However it begins, the principle is to start small and build well. Eventually the ministry can grow to a point where a more structured disability ministry is needed.

Figure 2 offers a general guide to organizing and developing a more official disability ministry.10 It is by no means exhaustive or inclusive of all possible church contexts. It does, however, provide insight into a few key items needed for the ministry to succeed over the long haul.

A Word about Church Culture

As shown in item number 1 on the diagram, the key to a successful, well-integrated disability ministry is to first assess and then take steps to further develop a healthy, accepting church culture. A disability ministry will not flourish in an environment where the church is uninviting and not open to change. Scott Daniels and Steve Green have developed an Action Assessment Chart that attempts to identify how receptive a church is to those with disabilities. Their four cultural stages have been expanded and described below by Joni and Friends:11

Stage 1: Conviction—“A belief that something should be done by someone, but not necessarily by your church. At this stage, churches are content to let the church across town offer a disability ministry.” Stage 2: Value—“The next step toward action. Churches begin to value a ministry when they recognize that it is in line with their church’s mission statement. Leaders begin to consider how a disability ministry could help them accomplish their vision and reach their community.”Stage 3: Ownership—“Happens when one or more people volunteer to take responsibility for the ministry with the approval of church leaders. Until someone says, ‘I’ll do it!’ ownership may be only a mirage.”Stage 4: Action—“Occurs when church leaders give their blessing to a plan and the plan is implemented. Goals are set and reported on. Families affected by disability feel welcome and included at church.”

Senior pastors can encourage their churches to minister to individuals affected by disability, thus creating avenues where disability ministry flows as a normal aspect of church life. Having a servant-minded, respectful, and loving church is essential for an integrated disability ministry to succeed.

A Suggested Ideal

A fully developed and mature disability ministry should minister to individuals of all ages and all cognitive abilities across the entire disability spectrum. This may require having a disability pastor who is over the entire program. One possible model includes four primary components: children’s “special-friends” ministry, teen/young-adult disability ministry, adult disability ministry, and inreach/outreach disability ministry.

Children’s Special-Friends Ministry

Integrating children with special needs in regular church classrooms is a meaningful goal when it is in line with parents’ wishes. Often an older trained “buddy” assigned to a child with a disability can promote and assist with successful integration. Other times having a “special-friends room” geared toward the child’s needs is the best option. Working with the parents is key when making this determination. Jessica Baldridge, former director of disability ministry at Prestonwood Baptist Church in Plano, Texas, further elaborates in her chapter on such a special-friends room and on serving those who benefit from such a setting.

Service directed specifically to the child with a disability also ministers profoundly to the parents. Knowing their child is included, loved, and cared for by the church creates a sense of belonging that is often absent in the community at large. Having a special-friends ministry allows parents to reconnect with each other and God. It also promotes relationships with others in the church community, which is desperately needed in this population. Often parents with a disabled child go it alone. They need Christian families without disabled children to walk alongside them and their difficulties, actively assisting when needed. Some churches can and should develop care groups that adopt a special-needs family. Having genuine (not superficial) friendships grounded in a common faith is essential while living out the Christian life. Having friendships with other families affected by disability is also comforting. Creating a parent support group that regularly meets at the church is essential when constructing a special-friends ministry. It is wise to have trained volunteers care for the children at the church during these meetings, which creates a “safe place” for parents to relax and relate.

Another aspect common to many special-friends ministries is to have “respite night” at least one night per month. The idea is to have trained one-on-one volunteers take care of and play with children with disabilities while parents go on a date or spend time with their nondisabled children. Many churches have had success with such programming. Since divorce is common in families affected by disabilities, it is essential to minister to the whole family. Helping provide such a ministry can and does save marriages, and it is a healthy outlet for church members and volunteers to serve and be blessed by serving.

Teen/Young-Adult Disability Ministry

Integrating children with disabilities in a group is a noteworthy goal with children’s disability ministry. But this can become more complicated when working with teens and young adults, especially if a cognitive deficit is present. Peer pressure and image become an issue. Teens want to be with those with whom they can identify. They do not necessarily view it as “cool” to hang out first with people who have disabilities. Unfortunately, some teen disability ministries have disabled teens and buddies sit in the back row with little or no connection to the main group.

A determined, gifted, sensitive, and involved youth pastor can model and lead teens to understand that it is in fact “cool” to reach out to teens with disabilities. Teens can minister to fellow teens with disabilities in impactful ways. After all, teens with disabilities want to belong too. Teens who reach out first to people with disabilities are being Christlike by connecting with those on the margins and bringing them in intentionally (Luke 14). What’s “cool” is when the teens with disabilities minister to the teens without disabilities. This is the big surprise with this ministry. Teens with disabilities can model and often demonstrate unconditional love and acceptance that other teens need to see and experience. An effective teen or young-adult disability ministry can help build Christlike character in young people. Having a disability pastor who works intimately with the youth pastor can yield positive fruit if successful integration is a goal.

In some circumstances (and especially if it is the parents’ preference), reverse integration can be an option. This occurs when a group of teenagers without disabilities integrates into a class designed for teens with disabilities. In this venue the teens with disabilities have fellowship and interaction with their peers in an environment that can be more inviting and interactive. It also spares teens with disabilities from having to listen to a thirty-minute talk from the youth pastor in the mainstream class if attention span is an issue.

Church leaders should make every effort to include teens with disabilities in mass outings that the youth ministry holds. Using buddies can be helpful, but incorporating groups of teens to help can also aid in promoting unity within the youth group. Also, service projects should not be reserved just for the able-bodied. When the disabled serve, no matter how small or how large the task, they are given opportunity to use their spiritual gifts for God’s glory.

Adult Disability Ministry

Integration, reverse integration, group outings, and service-by-disabled principles can apply also to adult disability ministry. Having groups just for adults with disablements can also be considered (and may be preferred by some with a disablement), but unity in the body of Christ is the goal. It is too easy to develop a Bible fellowship just for adults with disabilities as a separate entity or place where these individuals are expected to go. Having an adult disability ministry does not mean that all disabled have to be cornered into this ministry, including the cognitively independent individuals affected by disability. But the ministry should exist and have options that reach across the entire spectrum.

As alluded to earlier, church staff and ushers in particular need to be educated on how some physical disabilities can mask an individual’s true cognitive ability. The lesson can be summed up by the old cliché, “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” Beneath the disability may indeed be a treasure hidden in a jar of clay. It may also be helpful to educate the congregation at large on being “disability friendly.” Perhaps even devoting a series in Sunday school or an adult Bible fellowship on disability education is something to consider. Joni Eareckson Tada’s Barrier Free Friendships: Bridging the Distance between You and Friends with Disabilities12 is an excellent resource that can be used in a small-group setting for such a purpose.

Disability Ministry Inreach and Outreach

Individuals with disabilities who are served in the church may in turn serve best with the church’s disability outreach. Ministry to can become ministry through. After all, the disabled can empathize with other disabled individuals as no one else can. This does not, however, exclude the congregation at large from actively participating. There may be some in the congregation with various specialties to serve in unique ways. This could include those in construction, doctors, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, behavioral specialists, and teachers, to name a few. Utilize their gifts as the Lord guides. Below are a few suggestions for disability ministry outreach:

Network with doctors, schools, and community services that serve individuals affected by disability. This should include home-health agencies. Reach out to local secular disability support groups. Offer services and assistance. Attend meetings. Develop relationships with attendees. Involve the congregation. Host a free church-wellness clinic. Offer a free, well-advertised, well-organized wheelchair repair clinic. Create “adoption groups” that adopt a family with a disabled loved one in the church or in the community. Groups of at least eight or nine will help prevent burnout. Have church members volunteer at local schools, targeting teachers, parents, and children affected by disability. Host a Young Life Capernaum group. Be involved in your local Special Olympics program. Have construction teams available in your church to build ramps or assist with home remodeling issues. Create care bags that can be taken to homebound disabled persons. Be sure to follow up with these individuals. The key here is relationships, not just a one-time service. Joni and Friends has a Special Delivery ministry (joniandfriends.org) that can assist with this ministry in particular.

Remember Chuck?