Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 E-Book

Ingo Gildenhard

• Herausgeber: Open Book Publishers
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

Cicero composed his incendiary Philippics only a few months after Rome was rocked by the brutal assassination of Julius Caesar. In the tumultuous aftermath of Caesar’s death, Cicero and Mark Antony found themselves on opposing sides of an increasingly bitter and dangerous battle for control. Philippic 2 was a weapon in that war. Conceived as Cicero’s response to a verbal attack from Antony in the Senate, Philippic 2 is a rhetorical firework that ranges from abusive references to Antony’s supposedly sordid sex life to a sustained critique of what Cicero saw as Antony’s tyrannical ambitions. Vituperatively brilliant and politically committed, it is both a carefully crafted literary artefact and an explosive example of crisis rhetoric. It ultimately led to Cicero’s own gruesome death. This course book offers a portion of the original Latin text, vocabulary aids, study questions, and an extensive commentary. Designed to stretch and stimulate readers, Ingo Gildenhard’s volume will be of particular interest to students of Latin studying for A-Level or on undergraduate courses. It extends beyond detailed linguistic analysis to encourage critical engagement with Cicero, his oratory, the politics of late-republican Rome, and the transhistorical import of Cicero’s politics of verbal (and physical) violence.

Leseprobe

CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119

Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119

Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary

Ingo Gildenhard

https://www.openbookpublishers.com

© 2018 Ingo Gildenhard

The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information:

Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0156

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Classics Textbooks, vol. 6 | ISSN: 2054-2437 (Print) | 2054-2445 (Online)

ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-589-0

ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-590-6

ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-591-3

ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-592-0

ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-593-7

DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0156

Cover image: Portrait of a political personality, probably Mark Antony, from the oration area of the Roman Forum, Centrale Montemartini, Rome. Wikimedia, https://bit.ly/2OQRxNy

Cover design: Anna Gatti.

All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) and Forest Stewardship Council(r)(FSC(r) certified.

Printed in the United Kingdom, United States, and Australia by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers (Cambridge, UK)

To Vivi and in memory of Lucio (3.6.1932–23.8.2016)

Contents

Preface and Acknowledgements

1

Introduction

3

1.

Contexts and Paratexts

9

2.

The Second Philippic as a Rhetorical Artifact – and Invective Oratory

23

3.

Why Read Cicero’s Second Philippic Today?

39

Text

43

Commentary

129

§ 44

A Glance at Teenage Antony: Insolvent, Transgendered, Pimped, and Groomed

131

§ 45

Desire and Domesticity: Antony’s Escapades as Curio’s Toy-Boy

150

§ 46

Family Therapy: Cicero as Counselor

160

§ 47

Hitting ‘Fast-Forward’, or: How to Pull Off a Praeteritio

166

§ 48

Antony Adrift

175

§ 49

Credit for Murder

184

§ 50

With Caesar in Gaul: Profligacy and Profiteering

193

§ 78

Caesar’s Approach to HR, or Why Antony Has What it Takes

202

§ 79

The Art of Nepotism

210

§ 80

Antony Augur, Addled and Addling

218

§ 81

Compounding Ignorance through Impudence

225

§ 82

Antony Galloping after Caesar Only to Hold his Horses

233

§ 83

Antony’s Fake Auspices

238

§ 84

On to the Lupercalia…

245

§ 85

Vive le roi! Le roi est mort

254

§ 86

Antony as Willing Slave and Would-Be King-Maker

262

§ 87

Historical Precedent Demands Antony’s Instant Execution

267

§ 88

Antony on the Ides of March

274

§ 89

No Compromise with a Public Enemy!

279

§ 90

Antony’s Finest Hour

287

§ 91

Antony as Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

291

§ 92

Selling the Empire

305

§ 100

Further Forgeries and a Veteran Foundation

310

§ 101

Revels and Remunerations

316

§ 102

Antony Colonized a Colony!

323

§ 103

Antony’s Enrichment Activities

328

§ 104

Animal House

335

§ 105

Animal House: The Sequel

340

§ 106

Antony Cocooned

343

§ 107

Symbolic Strutting after Caesar

348

§ 108

Swords Galore, or: Antony’s Return to Rome

357

§ 109

Playing Fast and Loose with Caesar’s Legislation

365

§ 110

Caesar: Dead Duck or Deified Dictator?

372

§ 111

A Final Look at Antony’s Illoquence

382

§ 112

The Senate Under Armour

387

§ 113

The Res Publica Has Watchers!

392

§ 114

Caesar’s Assassination: A Deed of Unprecedented Exemplarity

406

§ 115

Looking for the Taste of (Genuine) Glory…

418

§ 116

Caesar You Are Not!

426

§ 117

Once Burnt Lesson Learnt!

444

§ 118

Here I Stand. I Can Do Naught Else

447

§ 119

Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!

452

Bibliography

457

1.

On-line Resources

457

2.

Secondary Literature

458

Preface and Acknowledgements

© Ingo Gildenhard, CC BY 4.0 https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0156.01

The sections from Philippic 2 included in the present textbook will serve as one of the set texts for the OCR Latin AS and A Level specifications from 2019–2021. It is a challenging pick, not least since Cicero serves up a smorgasbord of topics in his invective assault on Antony: he finds occasion to weigh in on modes of fornication, electoral procedures, Rome’s civic religion, political incidents and developments before and after the assassination of Caesar, and many other matters, all the while deploying a wide range of generic and discursive registers. Luckily, the availability of excellent resources facilitates engagement with the speech, including the commentaries by Mayor (1861), Denniston (1926), Ramsey (2003), and Manuwald (2007) (on Philippics 3–11, but of relevance to the entire corpus), the bilingual edition with commentary by Lacey (1986), and the translation by Shackleton Bailey (1986).

As in earlier commentaries, I have tended to summarize and cite (also at length), rather than refer to, primary sources and pieces of secondary literature: for my primary audience (students, but also teachers, in secondary education), a ‘see e.g.’ or a ‘cf.’ followed by a reference is at best tantalizing, but most likely just annoying or pointless. Gestures to further readings are not entirely absent, however, since I have tried to render this commentary useful also for audiences who have more time at their hand and can get access to scholarly literature, such as students wishing to do an EPQ. The commentary tries to cater for various backgrounds: it contains detailed explication of grammar and syntax, bearing in mind students who study the text on their own; and it tries to convey a flavour of Latin studies at undergraduate level for those who are thinking of pursuing classical studies at university.

Unless otherwise indicated, texts and translations of Greek and Latin texts are (based on) those in the Loeb Classical Library.

Along with my other volumes in this series, this one would not have been possible without the gallant support of John Henderson, who kindly explained to me what Philippic 2 is all about while turning around an unusually unwieldy draft with his customary speed and bountiful comments, now all incorporated in the commentary, and Alessandra Tosi, who has shepherded this project from first idea to final product with much-appreciated patience and enthusiasm. I am also grateful to Liam Etheridge for his nifty copy-editing, Bianca Gualandi for her magically swift generation of the proofs, and King’s, my College at the University of Cambridge, which has generously contributed a grant to help cover the cost of publication.

Dedico questo libro ai miei suoceri, Vivi e Lucio.