Energy Storage in Electric Power Grids E-Book

Benoît Robyns

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 354

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

This book deals with the management and valuation of energy storage in electric power grids, highlighting the interest of storage systems in grid applications and developing management methodologies based on artificial intelligence tools. The authors highlight the importance of storing electrical energy, in the context of sustainable development, in "smart grids", and discuss multiple services that storing electrical energy can bring. Methodological tools are provided to build an energy management system storage following a generic approach. These tools are based on causal formalisms, artificial intelligence and explicit optimization techniques and are presented throughout the book in connection with concrete case studies.

Leseprobe

Energy Storage in Electric Power Grids

Benoît Robyns

Bruno François

Gauthier Delille

Christophe Saudemont

Bernard Multon

First published 2015 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUK

www.iste.co.uk

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USA

www.wiley.com

© ISTE Ltd 2015

The rights of Benoît Robyns, Bruno François, Gauthier Delille and Christophe Saudemont to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015936235

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-84821-611-2

Table of Contents

Cover

Title

Copyright

Foreword

Introduction

1: Issues in Electrical Energy Storage

1.1. Difficulties of storing electrical energy

1.2. Why store electrical energy?

1.3. Value enhancement of storage in electrical grids

1.4. Storage management

1.5. Bibliography

2: Recent Developments in Energy Storage

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Storage technologies

2.3. Characteristics of a storage system

2.4. Hydraulic storage

2.5. Compressed-air storage

2.6. Thermal storage

2.7. Chemical storage

2.8. Kinetic storage

2.9. Electrostatic storage

2.10. Electromagnetic storage

2.11. Compared performances of storage technologies

2.12. Bibliography

3: Applications and Values of Energy Storage in Power Systems

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Introduction to power systems and their operation

3.3. Services that can be provided by storage

3.4. Example of the contribution of storage to the treatment of congestion events

3.5. Example of contribution of storage to dynamic support of frequency control in an island grid

3.6. General conclusion

3.7. Bibliography

4: Introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Application to the Management of Kinetic Energy Storage in a Hybrid Wind-Diesel System

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Introduction to fuzzy logic

4.3. Wind-kinetic energy storage combination on an isolated site with a diesel generator

4.4. Conclusion

4.5. Bibliography

5: Supervisor Construction Methodology for a Windpower Source Combined With Storage

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Energetic system studied

5.3. Supervisor development methodology

5.4. Specifications

5.5. Supervisor structure

5.6. Identification of various operating states: functional graph

5.7. Membership functions

5.8. Operational graph

5.9. Fuzzy rules

5.10. Experimental validation

5.11. Conclusion

5.12. Bibliography

6: Design of a Hybrid Multisource/Multistorage Supervisor

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Methodology for the construction of a supervisor for a hybrid source incorporating windpower

6.3. Compared performance of different variants of hybrid source

6.4. Conclusion

6.5. Appendices

6.6. Bibliography

7: Management and Economic Enhancement of Adiabatic Compressed-Air Energy Storage Incorporated Into a Power Grid

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Services provided by storage

7.3. Supervision strategy

7.4. Economic value of services

7.5. Application

7.6. Conclusion

7.7. Acknowledgments

7.8. Bibliography

Index

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

1: Issues in Electrical Energy Storage

Figure 1.1

Typical profiles of domestic consumers, not including electrical heating (RTE)

Figure 1.2

Typical profiles of tertiary and artisanal consumers (RTE)

Figure 1.3

Example of power generated by a fixed speed wind turbine of 300 kW

Figure 1.4

Profile of a sunny day with clouds (source: Auchan)

Figure 1.5

Variation in wave height [MOU 08]

Figure 1.6

Variations in output of the Oise river over 10 years [ROB 12c]

Figure 1.7

Intelligent grid with communication via internet (source: European eu-deep project)

Figure 1.8

Different time horizons to consider for the management of a hybrid system incorporating one or more sources, storage and possibly controllable loads

2: Recent Developments in Energy Storage

Figure 2.1

Synoptic of components of a (reversible) electricity storage system as well as its control and diagnostic [MUL 13]

Figure 2.2

Example of a Ragone diagram for some electrochemical technologies and for supercapacitors [MUL 13]. For a color version of the figure, see www.iste.co.uk/robyns/powergrids.zip

Figure 2.3

Principle of a pump-turbine station [MUL 03]

Figure 2.4

Lac Noir in the Vosges massif and the old pump-turbine station

Figure 2.5

Schema of the old Lac Noir pump-turbine station (Wikipedia, Crochet.david)

Figure 2.6

Operating schema of a CAES system [CLI 15]. For a color version of the figure, see www.iste.co.uk/robyns/powergrids.zip

Figure 2.7

Operating schema of first-generation gas CAES systems (EDF)

Figure 2.8

Operating schema of adiabatic CAES systems (EDF)

Figure 2.9

CAES caverns in Huntorf [DAN 12]

Figure 2.10

Hydropneumatic storage system with closed air circuit [MUL 13]

Figure 2.11

Utilization of molten salts as a heat-transferring fluid in a heliothermodynamic solar power facility (source: Randy Montoya)

Figure 2.12

EnerSys lead batteries: 24 units, nominal voltage of 48 V, nominal current of 200 A, 10 kW power, 1,000 Ah capacity, discharge depth of 72.5% and number of complete cycles estimated at 1,335 (L2EP AMPT Lille)