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The purpose of this book is to draw attention to the expedient relevance of the forensic science community in our nation Nigeria some of which include criminal investigation and prosecution,national security and national disaster planning and preparedness. The pertinence of the forensic science experts, which are evidently reticulate, furnish the groundwork for the purpose of the book which is to make our society put to effective use the service of the forensic science community. Forensic science is a community that involves a lot of disciplines. This book sought to reveal some of the diffrent fields, the pith of forensic laboratories, forensic science teachers and researchers, and law enforcement agencies who understand how forensic science evidence is collected, analysed and used in connection with criminal investigations and prosecution. I am really grateful to all those that had one form of input or the other towards the success of this book. Their work made this book of great value. The inestimable value of the forensic science community, which includes both research and practice, cannot be overemphasised and this cannot be attained without adequate resources and sound policies to nuture its growth in Nigeria.
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FORENSIC SCIENCE IN NIGERIA: THE QUEST
(A.K.A. TRIUMPHING BY THE TRUTH)
WRITTEN BY:
VICTOR O. ADEBANJO
FOREWORD BY:
HON. JUSTICE M. L. ABIMBOLA, CHIEF JUDGE OF OYO STATE
CONTRIBUTION BY:
OLOBASHOLA FOLORUNSHO GABRIEL
Forensic Science in Nigeria: The Quest
(a.k.a. Triumphing by the Truth)
Copyright © 2016
Written by Victor O. Adebanjo
Email: [email protected]
Contribution by Olobashola Folorunsho Gabriel
Email: [email protected]
ISBN 978-978-953-267-4
Published by Purveyor AVOT
No portion of this book may be used without the written permission of the publisher
FOREWARD
Dear reader,
Law and Forensic science are an indispensable part of our modern times, raising the standard of our judicial system. Forensic science provides scientific evidence to the court by providing a rock of certainty in a procellous sea of running afoul and oftentimes mendacious eye-witness evidence.
Forensic science has long made an important contribution to criminal investigation. Its use by the police, however, needs to be properly managed and organized if it is to make an efficient as well as effective contribution to the detection and prevention of crime.
This book expresses the importance of research, education and training of more forensic science experts in order to raise the standard of scientific and other expert evidence presented in the court.
Hon. Justice M. L. Abimbola
Chief Judge of Oyo State
PREFACE
The purpose of this book is to draw attention to the expedient relevance of the forensic science community in our nation Nigeria some of which include criminal investigation and prosecution, national security and national disaster planning and preparedness. The pertinence of the forensic science experts, which are evidently reticulate, furnish the groundwork for the purpose of the book which is to make our society put to effective use the service of the forensic science community.
Forensic science is a community that involves a lot of disciplines. This book sought to reveal some of the different fields, the pith of forensic laboratories, forensic science teachers and researchers, and law enforcement agencies who understand how forensic science evidence is collected, analysed and used in connection with criminal investigations and prosecution.
I am really grateful to all those that had one form of input or the other towards the success of this book. Their work made this book of great value.
The inestimable value of the forensic science community, which includes both research and practice, cannot be overemphasized, and this cannot be attained without adequate resources and sound policies to nurture its growth in Nigeria.
The ultimate quest of Forensic Science is Triumphing by the Truth.
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to God almighty and to all those who have lost their lives or are incarcerated due to the miscarriage of justice, all over the world.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My sincere gratitude goes to God Almighty, for His enduring mercy and grace over my life and family.
Special thanks goes to Hon. M. L. Abimbola, who has been more of a father to me. I really cannot thank you enough for your immeasurable effort and guidance (mentally and financially) throughout this work and my tenure as President of the Forensic Team, University of Ibadan. You made this book a reality, thank you Sir. May God continue to bless you immensely in all ramifications.
Special thanks also goes to Barrister Tinubu Olukayode for his inestimable support during my tenure as the President of the Forensic Team and financial contribution to this book. Thank you sir, may God continue to favour and bless you, His grace shall never fail you over your life and family.
Special thanks also goes to Olobashola Florunsho Gabriel, you are a man of valor. Thank you so much for believing in me. Your incomputable contribution to this book, and to the forensic team is spectacular. Thank you sir, I will forever be grateful. May God continue to bless you, and may his grace continue to endure over your life.
I cannot but mention the Forensic Science coordinator, Prof. P.A. Oyelaran, the H.O.D of Archaeology and Anthropology, Prof. J.O. Aleru, Dr. C. A. Latunji, Dr. R. A. Alabi and the entire staff of the department of Archaeology and Anthropology, for the warm relationship I experienced during my interaction with them, God bless you all.
I acknowledge all my colleagues especially Aguwa Paul Ikenna, Faniyi Samson Abimbola, Umukoro Matthew, Atanda Olusola, Akinwande Olusayo, Adekilekun Toyyib, Franklin Ogodo, Ibrahim Musa and Akinyeye Omobolanle, may your labour of love not go unrewarded. God bless you.
My sincere gratitude goes to my lovely wife, Mrs. Yetunde A. Adebanjo, my son, Prince Alexander Iteoluwakiisi Adeogo, my brother, Mr. Vincent O. Adebanjo, and my entire family, for their care, understanding and support during the period of this work. Your worth is immeasurable and your place is irreplaceable.
Finally, to everyone that has contributed positively to my stay in the University of Ibadan, I say thank you.
Thank you all.
SUMMARY
It is believed that by the end of studying this book, one would have been able to discover the significant role of forensic science in upholding national security under the following:
Locard’s Exchange Principle: “Wherever
he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his
fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he
scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects. All of these and more bear mute witness against him. This is evidence that
does not forget. It is not confused by the excitement of the moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are. It is factual
evidence. Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot be wholly absent. Only human failure to find it, study
and understand it, can diminish its value.”
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Broken laws definitely attract consequences. For every action of breaking the law, there is always an “equal” and opposite consequential reaction. When the law is broken, a crime is said to be committed. Crime can be committed anywhere in space and time. Crime takes various forms, and involves various aids towards committing the crime. In many cases, a weapon is used, such as a handgun, knife, or blunt object. The scene of a crime reveals the nature of the criminal activity and the identities of the person(s) involved. Criminals and victims may leave behind blood, weapons or objects used, skin cells, hair, fingerprints, footprints, tire prints, handwriting, and the residual effects and debris of arson, gunshots, and so on.
