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The book gives you the knowledge about the basic elements of project management. This is best guide for the trainee project manager. The book covers fundamentals of project management. It covers all the knowledge areas of project management.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020
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Fundamentals Of Project Management
BookRix GmbH & Co. KG81371 MunichChapter 1
1.1Ancient history of Project management
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills and tools to meet the project requirements. In the ancient history humans started working on projects. During that time, architects and engineers worked on major projects such as Great Wall of China, Pyramids of Giza etc. During those times engineers and architects played the role of project managers. All the five knowledge groups such as initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and closing was still in use. In those examples, the final creation matters more than the methodology used to create them. For such projects someone had to manage all the resources to sustain the project.
Despite all this major construction in the past the documentation of the projects is not present. There are no certain proofs that found use of knowledge areas such as resource management, schedule management. However, use of current areas of the project management came into existence in the 19th century. The project mangers started to focus on schedule, cost and leadership style of the project in the beginning. With the development in manufacturing, construction and transportation other knowledge areas such as task management, resource management gain recognition. From this stage revolution started in the project management.
1.2Evolution in the project management
The mid of the 20th century saw increased research in telecommunication and automobile industry. This evolution of the technology made huge developments in the project management. This research laid the foundation for the resource allocation and schedule management.
In 1957, critical path technique was formed. This technique was focused on finding the length of the project. This technique identifies sequence of activities that has the least flexibility in the project.
In the year 1958, Program Evaluation Review Technique was created (PERT) was created by US department of defense. This technique focused on the time needed to do each activity of the project.
The practice of job specification also came into practice. Job specification form the basis for the Work Breakdown Structure which is basis for the planning stage of the project.
In the year 1965, the International Project Management Association (IPMA) was formed. This association was the first of its kind in the project management field. The main motive of this association was to network the project managers around the world.
In the year 1969, the non-profit organization Project Management Institute come into existence. This organization published Project Management Body of knowledge (PMBOK) which includes knowledge areas and process groups for the project management. This book later became the standard for the projects. This body of knowledge also provides certification in project management professional(PMI) and Certified associate in project Management (CAPM).
In 1986, the agile software development model Scrum was formed. This model consists of small teams working effectively for the software project. Scrum was later used for the general projects.
In same year the Earned Value Management Technique(EVM) was founded. EVM compares the results of work performed and work planned to find the differences. In this way the overall success of the project is measured.
Later , Projects In Controlled Environment(PRINCE) was created. This system was created for the information systems. But it did not gain recognition around the world.
In the 2001, development of Agile Manifesto took place. This model was basically formed for the software development projects.
1.3Fields (Sectors) covered by the Project Management
There are various sectors in the project management. Some common sectors are listed below :-
Construction and EngineeringFinancial Services3.Information technology
Healthcare5.Law
There are various types of construction projects such as residential renovation, heavy industrial construction and engineering construction. The tasks that need to be completed by the project manger includes :-
Cost management, schedule management and communication management. There are four major stages of the project management which includes:- Designing, Procurement, Pre-construction and Construction.
The second sector consist of the financial services. This service focuses on getting a better return in smarter ways. The financial services involve more strategic planning and requires implementing transformative change to align with the demands of the customers. The major focus of the project mangers is not only on the financial services but includes the knowledge of fields such as IT, customer service and marketing.
Information technology sector has had major developments in the late 90’s. This sector is very wide. This sector has very high need of project management professionals. There are lot of developments going on in this sector. This sector mainly focuses in the agile project environment and requires wide range of skills in the project manager.
