Kichwa English Shimiyuk Kamu Dictionary E-Book

Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuro

• Herausgeber: USFQ Press
• Kategorie: Fremdsprachen
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Seitenzahl: 467

Beschreibung

Durante su etapa de formación académica, Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuro formó parte del Programa de Diversidad Étnica de la Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ y obtuvo el título de Ingeniería Agroempresas. Este programa tiene como objetivo apoyar a los estudiantes indígenas, afroecuatorianos y otras minorías a cursar sus estudios por méritos académicos y deseos de superación para contribuir al desarrollo científico, social, económico y cultural de la sociedad ecuatoriana. Poco tiempo después Santiago David decide emprender su viaje a Canadá, para así apoyar a costear la educación de sus tres hermanos, quienes en ese preciso momento estaban estudiando diferentes carreras en la USFQ: Moisés (Biotecnología), Miguel Ángel (Arquitectura) y Digna (Medicina). En el extranjero, Santiago David decide empezar el programa de maestría en la Universidad de Alberta, que está catalogada entre las primeras cinco universidades de dicho país. Es así como él detecta que no existe un diccionario quichua en inglés. ¡Eureka! Es entonces cuando Santiago David se pone en contacto con un grupo de lingüistas de la Universidad de Alberta y comienza a trabajar en el primer diccionario inglés-quichua. El mundo del lenguaje cautiva a Santiago David, y es así como un exalumno de la USFQ aplica a su doctorado en la Universidad de Ohio, precisamente en lingüística. En Ecuador, Santiago David contacta al profesor de Antropología Lingüística y Kichwa, Simeon Floyd, parte del Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (COCISOH), para trabajar en conjunto en el proyecto editorial: Kichwa English Shimiyuk Kamu Dictionary. Simeon relaciona el dialecto planteado por el autor en la obra con la cultura otavaleña.  Tal es así que realiza el estudio introductorio para ayudar a los lectores a comprender la diversidad que comprehende el quichua en Ecuador y en países de la región. Por esta razón, la obra se concentra en el dialecto hablado en la provincia de Imbabura. Este diccionario marca un precedente en los estudios lingüísticos y filológicos del quichua. De hecho, la obra busca estrechar la brecha de los estudios internacionales con respecto a la diversidad de lenguas de la región.

Leseprobe

USFQ PRESS

Universidad San Francisco de Quito

Campus Cumbayá USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador.

USFQ PRESSka kanmi Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQpak kamukunata rurak uku. Ñukanchikpa yuyaykuna kanmi USFQpak yuyaykunallatak, yachayta chimpachina yachachinkapak, taripankapak shinallatak llaktakunata yanapankapak, kay mushuk Artes Liberales nishka yuyaykunawan.

Kichwa English Shimiyuk Kamu Dictionary

Rurakkuna: Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuro,1 Jordan Lachler,2 Sean Burke, Conor Snoek,3 Michelle Garcia-Vega,2 Megan Bontogon,2 Evan Lloyd.2

1The Ohio State University, 2University of Alberta, 3University of Lethbridge

Kamuta rikukkuna: Valentina Bravo, María José Valencia Diego F. Cisneros Heredia

Kallari rikuchiy: Simeon Floyd

Kamuta allichik: Krushenka Bayas

Kamu ñawita rurak: Krushenka Bayas

© Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuro, Jordan Lachler, Sean Burke, Conor Snoek, Michelle Garcia-Vega, Megan Bontogon, Evan Lloyd, 2018

© Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ

Tukuy rurashkakunata paktachichik. Kikinkunaka mana kay kamuta, shinallatak kay kamupi rikuchishka yuyaykunata hapiy ushapankichikchu, shinallatak shuk kamukunapi kimichiy ushapankichikchu, sirma ukukunapi mana churay ushapankichikchu, rikchakkunata mana surkuy ushapankichikchu mana rurakkunamanta shuk ari nishkata chaskishka kashpaka. Kaypi killkashkakunata mana katishpaka, shukpak yuyayta shuway shinami rikurin. Chaytaka kamachik ukukunapi rikurishkami kan.

Kallariy Kamu Rurashka. Sasi Killa 2018

ISBN: 978-9978-68-127-5

ISBNe: 978-9978-68-282-1

Rurakpak Yupay: 050168

Kallariy surkushka kamukuna : 1000 kamukuna

Ecuador mama llaktapi rurashka Ediecuatorial

Ashwatan kay kamumanta yachankapak munashpa: http://libros.usfq.edu.ec

Kamu katina. Biblioteca Universidad San Francisco de Quito

Kaypi rikuchishka shutikuna, yuyaykuna shinallatak kaypi rikuchishkakunaka mana kamachik pankakunamanta kanchaman sakirishkachu kan. Mana paykunapacha killkashka pankapi churashka kashpapash mana nisha ninchu paykunaka kamachikkunamanta kanchaman churashkata. Kay kamuka allichishkami chaykunamanta, shinapash pi kay kamuta makipi charikushpaka rikuy ushanmi.

Kay kamupi killkashka yuyaykunaka, pi rurak shinallatak yanapakkunapak umapimi kan. USFQ PRESSka yuyanmi, kaypi killkashka shimikunaka mana llulla kakta kay ima puncha kamuyachishka pachapi. Kamuta rikukkuna, rurakkunapash mana tukuy kaypi ima willakun kashkatapacha nikun nitaka mana ushanchikchu. May pantarishkakuna, mana kashkata rimak shinakuna yallishkayman kankami.

Diseño epub:Hipertexto – Netizen Digital Solutions

USFQ PRESS

Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ

Campus Cumbayá USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador.

USFQ PRESS is the editorial department at Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge to educate, edify, research and serve the community in accordance with the Liberal Arts philosophy.

Kichwa English Shimiyuk Kamu Dictionary

Authors: Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuro,1 Jordan Lachler,2 Sean Burke, Conor Snoek,3 Michelle Garcia-Vega,2 Megan Bontogon,2 Evan Lloyd.2

1The Ohio State University, 2University of Alberta, 3University of Lethbridge

Editorial production: Valentina Bravo, María José Valencia, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia

Introductory study: Simeon Floyd

Design and layout: Krushenka Bayas

Cover design: Krushenka Bayas

© Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuro, Jordan Lachler, Sean Burke, Conor Snoek, Michelle Garcia-Vega, Megan Bontogon, Evan Lloyd, 2018

© Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, incorporated into a computer system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods), without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Infringement of these rights may constitute an offense against intellectual property.

First edition: November 2018

ISBN: 978-9978-68-127-5

ISBNe: 978-9978-68-282-1

Author registration: 050168

More information available at: http://libros.usfq.edu.ec

The use of general descriptive names, trade names, registered trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific declaration, that these names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations of protection and, therefore, free for their general use.

The information presented in this book is entirely the responsibility of its authors. USFQ PRESS presumes that the information is true and accurate as of the date of publication. Neither the Publisher nor the authors provide a guarantee, express or implied, with respect to the materials contained in this document or any errors or omissions that may have been included.

Killkakmanta Willachiy

Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuroka Otavalo Kichwa runami kan. Paymi chusku wawki-panikunamanta kallaripi chaski tukushka kan San Francisco de Quito hatun yachana wasipi. Paytaka yanapashkami kay runakunatak shinallatak yanakunatak yapankapak wiñachishka USFQ ukupi. Santiagoka tukuchirkami paypak yachakuynata Allpakamachik yachakuypi. Chaypa hipaka payka Canada mama llaktaman rishka kan, paypak kullki mañashkakunata USFQman tikrachinkapak, shinallatak paypak wawki Moises (Kawsay Taripay), Miguel (Wasikamachik) shinallatak pani Digna (Hampik tiya) paykunata yanapankapak. Paykunaka tukuyllami USFQpi tukuchishka kan yachakuykunata.

Asha pachata washaman tikrashpa yuyarina. Santiagopak tayta-mamakunaka, ima shinami kay Ecuador mama llaktapi kawsak runakuna mana yachakuykunata tukuchishka kan shinallatami kashka. Paypak taytaka 5 watatallami yachakushka, paypak mamakarin mana yachana wasiman rishkachu kan.

Shinapash, kay Otavalo runakunaka allpa-pacha muyuntin purinkuna kan. Paykunaka sumak maki rurashkakunawanmi muyushpa purinkuna kan. Kay tukuyta, paykunapak runakayta rikuchishpa wakaychishpami purinkuna kan. Ashtawankarin, kunan punchakunapika kay Otavalo muyuntin ayllu llaktakunami kay purik, samarina ukukunata wiñachishka kan. Kay wakin purik mashikunaka mana Kichwata, Kastillatapash rimankunachu kan. Shinapash, Otavalo runakuna ima shina kawsak, ima shina yuyak chaykunata alli kachishpami purinkuna kan. Chaykunata rikushpami, Santiagoka shuk mushuk yuyaykunata wiñachishka, Kichwa shimita sinchiyachishpa yanapanata. Chaymantami, Kichwata English shimiman tikrachinata yuyarishka kan. Kaykunaka USFQpak yuyaypi pakta katishkami kan.

Kaykunata rurankapakka, kay Canada mama llaktapi, Alberta Hatun yachana wasipi, shimimanta rikuk uku Department of Linguistics ukupi yuyay sapa mashikunawan llamkay kallarishka kan. Paykunaka mana kullkipi yuyarishpaka ruray tukushkachu kan. Kay taripayta ñawpaman rurakushpami, Santiagoka yuyarishka ashtawan yachakushpa katinakata. Chaymi payka kay allpa-pachapi allipacha nishka Hatun Yachana wasi ukukunapi chaskirishka kan, kay shina, The University of Texas, Austinpimi, M.A.ta shimikunamanta yachakuyta katishka. Chay ñanchapita, kay Ohio State Universitypipash Ph.D. nishka yachakuypi katishka kan.

Ñukanchipak, USFQ San Francisco de Quito Hatun Yachana Wasipakka sumak kushikuymi kan. Programa de Diversidad Etnica ukupakarin ashwatan kushikuymi kan kay shina wamrakuna ñawpaman rinakukpi. Ñukanchikpa yuyayka kanmi kashna shina yanapashpa katina mushuk yuyayta charik wamrakuna-kuitsakunata. May paykunachari sumak mushuk kawsaykunata wiñachinka shamuk watakunapi. Kay wamrakuna-kuytsakunami paykunapak kawsayta, runakayta rikuchishpa ashtawanpash sinchiyachishpa katinkakuna. Chaymantami ninchik, Santiagoka kanmi, ñukanchikpakka shuk rikuchiy mushuk Ecuadorta ruray ushaypakmi kanchik.

David Romo

Ñawpaman Apak: Programa de Diversidad Etnica

San Francisco de Quito Hatun Yachana Wasi

Prologue

Santiago David Gualapuro Gualapuro, belongs to the ancient Otavalo people. He was the first of four siblings admitted to Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ under the umbrella of the Ethnic Diversity Program. Santiago finished his major in Agribusiness and moved to Canada soon after in order to work and pay back his student loans. While in Canada, he also supported his siblings: Moisés (Biotechnology) and Miguel Ángel (Architecture), and Digna (Medicine), who all graduated from USFQ.

Going back one generation, his parents, like the vast majority of the indigenous population of Ecuador, did not finish primary school—his father stopped attending after 5th grade and his mother did not have the opportunity to go to school. However, younger generations of Indigenous people like Santiago are claiming their space on the national and international stage.

The Otavalo people are well-known around the world as they market their handcrafted goods, through which they express their cultural identity. In addition, in recent years several Otavalo communities have entered the community tourism market, attracting hundreds of travellers who speak neither Kichwa nor Spanish, but seek to experience the daily life of this millenary people. In this context, and as a result of the Liberal Arts mindset fostered at USFQ, Santiago decided to actively participate in the process of revitalization of the Kichwa language through the design, supervision and creation of a Kichwa-English bilingual dictionary.

With the aim of contributing not only to the maintenance of the language, but to the connectivity of his people with the rest of the world, Santiago approached the Department of Linguistics at the University of Alberta, where a team of professionals embarked on this adventure with no economic interest. The development of the project marked the life of this determined young man, who decided to continue his academic training at the world’s most prestigious universities. Santiago entered the MA program in Linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin and later on entered the Ph.D. program in Hispanic Linguistics at the Ohio State University, in the United States.

For Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, and especially for the Ethnic Diversity Program, it is truly an honour to support the efforts and perseverance of students like Santiago. Our vision is to train young people who want to change the world and implement their knowledge to safeguard the cultural diversity of our country, while contributing to processes of positive change in their own communities. Without a doubt, Santiago is proof that this vision is possible.

David Romo

Director of the Ethnic Diversity Program

Universidad San Francisco de Quito

Ima shina kallarishkamanta

Kay Shimiyuk kamuka 2011 watamantami llamkarishpa katimun, Santiago Gualapuro, paymi kallarimushka. 2013 wata kallarik killatami University of Alberta Yachanawasi ukumanta, Jordan Lachler CILLDIta ñawpaman pushak mashiwan llamkay kallarirka. Shinallatak kimirirkami Conor Snoek, Michelle Garcia-Vega yachakuk mashikuna. Chaypak hipaka Megan Bontogon, Evan Lloyd, yachakuk mashikunapash kimirishpa yanapamunakun. Sean Burke, paymi yanapan Internet ukupi sumakta allichishpa.

Kallaripika Imbabura markapi Otavalo runakuna rimak Kichwatami rikushpa katinakunchik.

Kay kimsa yuyaykunawanmi kallarishkanchik.

1. Kichwa shimita sapikaman maskay yachakuykunata wiñachinata, kaykunapi:

i. Rimay

ii. Killkay

iii. Killka katiy

iv. Uyariy

v. Kawsay

2. Kichwa shimi shimikunata tantachinata, shinallatak mirachishpa katinata shuk hatun allichina ukukunapi, kay katiy yuyaykunawan

i. Kichwa English Shimiyuk Kamuta wiñachinata

i. Kichwa English shimiyuk kamu (kallariy kamu)

ii. Kichwa Engkish Spanish shimiyuk kamu

ii. Kichwa English Shimiyuk Kamuta Internet ukupi rikurichuna.

iii. Kichwa Engkish Shimiyuk Kamu, iOS, Android, shinallatak shuk williwilli purichik ukukunapipash

iv. Yachachina kamukunata wiñachina

v. Yachakuna kamukunata wiñachina

3. Shuk Kichwamanta llamkak mashikunawan tantanakushpa llamkana yuyaykuna.

Preface

This Kichwa research project began in 2011 with Santiago Gualapuro from Otavalo, Ecuador. In 2013, Jordan Lachler, the director of CILLDI, the Canadian Indigenous Languages and Literacy Development Institute, Conor Snoek and Michelle Garcia Vega, PhD students from the Department of Linguistics at the University of Alberta joined the group. Later on, undergraduate research assistants Evan Lloyd and Megan Bontogon began collaborating on the project. Sean Burke is responsible for the database programming.

Our work is focused on Imbabura Kichwa, as spoken in the city of Otavalo and surrounding communities.

We started with these 3 main objectives:

1. Carry out research on Kichwa Language to study its:

i. Word structure

ii. Grammar

iii. Spelling

iv. Pronunciation

v. Cultural importance and meaning

2. Develop a database of the words in Kichwa in order to:

i. Create and promote the Kichwa dictionary

i. Kichwa-English dictionary (first edition)

ii. Kichwa-English-Spanish dictionary

ii. Create and promote the Kichwa-English dictionary web version.

iii. Create and promote Kichwa-English dictionary for iOS, Android and other versions of mobile platforms.

iv. Develop teaching materials for Kichwa

v. Develop learning materials for Kichwa

3. To work together with other Kichwa language activists and entrepreneurs in order to develop a strong network for Kichwa developers.

Kallari rikuchiy

Quechua shimikunaka shuk tawka ayllu shimikunami kan. Kay shimikunaka rimashkami kan, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia shinallatak Argentina mama llaktakunapi. Kayka, sarun watakunapi kashka Tawantinsuyu nishka hatun mamallakta kashka markakunapi. Wakinpika shuklla shuti “Quechua” nishpami riksishka kan. Shinapash kayka mana shinachu kan rikurin, pantami kan. Ima shina, Romance shimikuna; Castilla, French, Italian, Romanian shimikunata shutichishka ‘’Mushuk Latin” shinami rikurin. Allipacha rikukpika, Quechua shimikunaka tawka shikanyashka shimikunami kan. Kaykunaka wakin chunkakunami rikurin kay shimimanta yachak runakuna yuyaypi “pakta hamuktariy” yuyaypi rikushpaka. Kayka nisha ninmi ishkay ayllu shimita rimakkunata kimi churashpa rikukpi mana hamuktariy ushakpika shuk shikan shimikunami nishpami riksirin. 1571 watapillatami, Pedro Pizarro, Francisco Pizarroka rikushka kan wakin Quechua shimikunaka shuk shuk kakta. Paykunaka nishkami kan, Kastilla shimiwan Portuguese shimiwan chimpapuray shinami. Chawpi Perupi Quechua shimikunata rikushpakarin nishunchari Kastilla shimiwan French shimiwan chimpapuray shinami kan, wakinpikarin Romanianwanpash. Maykan Quechua shimita yachashpapash mana nisha ninchu kayshuk kayshuk ayllu shimikunata pankalla rimay ushaytaka. Shinapash chay sapimantallatak shamushka shimikuna kashkamantaka ashata yanapanmi shuk Quechua shimita yachay. Chaymantami ninchik, may pipash Quechua shimita yachakushpa shuk Quechua shimita rimankapak munashpaka yachay chayanmi kaykunaka shuk shikan shimikuna kakta.

Imashpami Quechua shimikunataka mana tawka shikan shimikunami nin, kay shimipak shuklla ñan ima shina wiñarimushkamanta. Ashtawanpash, ima shinami karuyashpa karuyashpa rishka kan kuska kuska rikukpika. May kikin kuskakunapimi shuk shuk Quechua shimi uyarin. Chaypika ima shinami Quechua shimi kayman chayman shitarishpa rishkapash mana pankallachu kashka kan. Chay hawapi, kikin llaktakunapi shuk shuk shimikuna tiyashka kan Quechuapak punta. Chayka chay shimikunawan tantarishpapashmi shuk shuk Quechua shimikunaman tikrarishka kan. Kay Chinchasuyu llaktakunapi rimashka Quechua shimikunaka may shamurkachari Kusku llakta muyuntinkunamanta, kay Inka apuk shinallatak mitma nishka kullki-kamachik rimashka Quechua runakunawan. Shuk shuk Quechua shimikunachari shamurka, chaykunataka mana yachanchikchu. Wakin yachakkunakarin nimi, Chinchansuyupika manarak Inkakuna shamukpillatami Quichuaka rimashka kan nishpa. Shinapimi, shinallatak kay Chinchasuyupi tiyan shuk shimikunawanpash tantarishka. Kay sarun shimikunamantaka ashatallami yachanchik. Shinapash yachanchikmi kaykunaka karkami, Karanki, Panzaleo, Puruha, Kañari ashtawan shukkunapash. Karanki, Panzaleo chaykunaka kay Barbacoa ayllu shimipurami kashka kan. Wakin Barbacoa shimikunaka Kuntinsuyu Ecuador llaktakunapi rimashkarami kan. Kaykunaka kanmi: Awa-Pit, Tsafiki, Cha’pala. Kashna miramuy-chapurimuy ukumantami kunanpi riksinchik mushuk Quechua shimi kunan Ecuador mama llaktapi: Hawa Suyu (Chiri-llakta) Quichua, Antisuyu (Kunu-llakta) Quichua shimikuna. Kaykunaka shuk shikan Quichua shimikunapachami kan. Mana rikcharinchu Colombia Quechuawanpash. Kay Kastilla mishukuna apak pachakunaki 1500-1830 watakunapimi Quechuaka tikrarka tukuylla runakunapak rimay shimi, shinallatak kati rimaymi karka mishukunapapash. Mishukunaka kunan pachakunapika mana yapa rimanchu Quichuataka.

Kunan pachakunapi, Ecuador mamallaktapika Quechua shimika ishkaypimi malkirishka: Hawa Suyu (Chiri-llakta) shinallatak Antisuyu (Kunu-llakta) Quichua. Kay ishkantinkunaka pakta wiñarishka shimikunami rikcharin. Kay ishkatin malkirishka shimikunaka hamuktaririnkunami kay Kastilla-Portuguese chimpapurachiy shina. Shinallatak, hay ishkantin Quichuata rimakkunaka ninmi, paypurakunapipash ashtawan malkirishka shimikunami kan. Kayka nisha ninmi, kay ishkantin Ecuadorpi Quichua malkikunaka tawka paypura malkikunata charikta. Hawa Suyu Kichwa malki shimikunata rimashpaka, ima shina chimpapurachiy Ecuador Kastillawan, Mexico Kastillawan Argentina Kastillawan shinami rikurin. Kay Antisuyu Kichwaka kay Brazil mamallaktapi Portuguese rimay tawka tiyan shinami kan. Kay Antisuyu Quichuaka kay Andes Urku sikimanta kay Tena kiti muyuntin llaktakunapi, Pastaza markapipash, shinallatak kay Napo, Aguarico Mayuta ukukunakaman katishpami Kichwata rimak runakunaka kawsan. Chay Mayukunata katisha Peru llaktakamanmi kay Quichua shimi malkitaka rimankuna kan. Shinallatak kay Hawa Suyu Kichwaka mana tuparinchu maykan Peru llakta Quechua rimaykunawan. Sarunkunamanta yachay katishpaka rikunchikmi Quichuaka Saraguro kiti muyuntinkunapimi kallarin. Chaymantaka kati katillami chayan Ecuador Kuntinsuyupi Mira Mayukaman (Wakin llaktakunapika Kastilla shimiman tikrashpa chinkarikunmi). Chaymantaka ashata karuyashpami shuk puchukay Quechua tiyan Colombiapi kay Putumayo Nariño markakunapi. Kay Imbaburapi rimay Quichuaka Ecuadorpak puchukay Kuntinsuyu Quichuami kan. Kay shimika kayshun Quichuakunamanta asha shukmi rikurin. Kaytaka runakunapak kawsaypipash, rimaypashmi rikuy usharin. Kaymi kan kay Shimiyuk kamupi killkashpa tikrachishka shimi.

Chaymantami yuyani, mana shuklla kamu tiyay ushanchu, mana shuk rimaylla kashkamanta. Mana kay ushanchu, shuklla kamu maypi shuk shimikuna kimichishka shuk kutin shimikuna anchuchishka kamu. Shinallatak mana kay ushanchu tawka shimikunata shukllapi tikrachishka. Kallariy Quechuapak Shimiyuk kamukunaka killkashkami kan 1600-1700 watakunapi Santo Tomas shinallatak Gonzales de Holguin mishukuna. Paykuna rurashka hipaka, shuk shuk runakunami Quichua shimita tikrachishka kan Kastillaman. Ashtawanpah Luis Cordero, Ecuador mamallaktapak pushakapashmi killkashka kan kamukunata Quichuamanta. Wakin ruraykunaka yachachinkapak, shinallatak taripaykunawan katinkapakmi rurarishka kan. Shinapash wakinkunaka ima shina alli killkana shinallatak killkakatinakunatami ashtawan rikunkapak munay kan. Kaykunapika, Kastillamanta mañashka shimikunatapash, mushuk Quichua shimikunaman chimpachishkakunapashmi kan. Kay yuyaykunami, ima shimikunami shuk shimiyuk kamupi rin mana rin chaykunataka akllarin. Kayta nishka hipaka yuyanimi, kay punchantin mushukyay pachakunapika kay shimiyuk kamukunapash may shuk mushuk yuyaykunata wiñachin.

Kay Imbabura markapi kawsak Otavalo runakunaka rimanmi paykunapak kikin rimayta. Kayka Hawa Suyu Kichwamanta shuk malki rimaymi kan. Kaytaka riksinmi Ecuador mama-llaktapika Kichwa nishpa (runa shimi, yanka shimi) ‘k’ killkawan killkashka Kichwa. Shinallatak kay kitipika wakin shimikunami tantarishka kawsan. Otavalo runakunaka sarunkunamantapachami awashpa, paykunapak awashkakunataka hatushpa purinkuna kan. Otavalo runakunaka shuk mushuk kullkikamay ruraykunawan kawsan. Kaykunaka kanmi, awashpa hatuna, riksishpa purikkunata chaskishpa shinallatak karu llaktakunaman rishpa hatunakunata apashpa kullkin. Kashna kawsaypimi, wakin pachakunapika, paykunallatak ña Kichwamanta English shimiman tikrachishpa puriykunata mutsurin. Kaypika English shimika mutsurinmi kay ima maki rurashka, awashka shinallatak shuk kuskakunatapash hatuy ushankapak English shimita rimak runakunaman. Kaypimi kay shimiyuk kamuka achka mutsurishka kan, tikrachishka Kichwamanta – English shimiman. Kay shimiyuk kamuka kallari killkaymi kan Englishman. Shinallatak, kay shimiyuk kamuka rikuchinmi shinallatak kay tawka ñankuna tiyakta shimikunata tikrachinapak shinallatak yachakunkapakpash.Chaymantami kutin kutin ninchik Ecuadorpi rimashka Kichwakunaka shuk shukmi kan, shinallatakmi shuk shuk yuyaykunata apan. Chayka kay shimiyuk kamuka kay shuk shuk rimaykuna tiyakta rikuchin, mana shukyachishka kayta. Shinapash killkaypika Shukyachishka Kichwa killkaytami katin. Ashtawanpash ima shina uyarin Imbabura rimaypi uyantinkunata uyaywakunatapash rikuchinmi. Shina kashpapash mana Imbabura rimay kashkataka rikunchikchu kay shimiyuk kamupika, wakin shimikunaka Peru Quechuamantapashmi kimichishka shinallatak mushuk Kichwa shimikunapash.

Kay kamuta killkak, Santiago Gualapuropash Otavalomantami kan, paypash unay pachakunatami English rimay llaktakunapi purishpa kan. Kay puriykuna, shinallatak rimaykunami alli yuyay kakta rikuchin kay shimiyuk kamupi. Tawka watakunata Canadapi kawsashpami kay shimiyuk kamuta killkanaman tiyarishka. Chaypa hipaka USA mamallaktapimi kunanka shimikunamanta yachakushka kan. Rurak mashi, kay shina shuk shuk runakunawan rimashpa kawsashka kaymantami hamuktan kashna shimiyuk kamukuna mutsurishka kakta. Otavalo runakunallatak, USAman, Canadaman shinallatak shuk llaktakunaman rinakushpaka may mutsurinkacharik kay shimiyuk kamuta. Shinallatak Imbabura markapi yachana wasikunapipash yachakunkapak munankuna wawakunamantallatak English shimita, chayka kay Kichwa English shimiyuk kamuka sumakta paktachin kay chushak kuskata. Kunanka Kichwa shimimanta Englishman haykata chimpapuranallami kan mana Kastilla shimipira rikushpa. Wamrakunapash may rikunkapak munankachari paykunapak mashikunawan killkankapak Kichwapi. Ashtawanpash may rikunkapak munankachari ima shinami Englishpi killkanakunata. Wakin wamrakunapakka Englishka kanmi kati rimay, mana kashpaka kimsa kati rimay.

Shinallatak, riksishpa purik runakunapashmi kay kamutaka may rantiy ushan, English shimipi killkashka kaymanta. Kichwa kawsak llaktakunaman rishpaka paykunapash kay shimiyuk kamuta apashpa ri ushan ñapash Kichwapi tikrachishpa yanapachun. Kaypi nishun, chayra wiñak, mushuk yuyaywan wiñanakun harikuna warmikunami kunanka Kichwa shimita paykunapak nishpa mushukyachishpa katinkuna kan. Kunanka Kichwa runakunami paykunapak shimiyuk kamukunatapash rurashpa kan. Chayllapita, kunan pachakunapi kay allpa-pachapi kawsak runapash ashtawan shukllarishka ashtawan kimirishpa pachakunapi kashpakarin Kichwapash Englishpashmi ashtawan kimirishka kan. Chaymi kay shimiyuk kamupash achkapacha mutsurishka rikurin. Ashtawanpash ninkapak munani, kay shimiyuk kamuka rikuchinmi kay shina tawka yuyaykuna tiyakta shuk shimiyuk kamuta wiñachinkapak. Chaymanta, punta nishka shina, wakin shimikunata kimichishka mana Imbaburapi rimashka kaymantaka rikurinmi kay shina mushuk paskarishka allpa-pacha muyuntin yuyay paskashka 21 patsak watakunapi kawsak runakunapak kayta. Kayka katimunmi kay sarun sarun Quechua shimikuna shuk shuk rimaykunawan chapurishpa shamushka ñantallata. Manarak Kastilla rimakkuna shamushka pachakunamantallata shina chapurishka kak ñanta rikuchishpa. Kay shimiyuk kamuka kay 21 patsak watakunapi kawsak Kichwa shimita rimak runakuna rikuchun, killka-katichun shimiyuk kamumi kan.

Introductory study

The Quechuan languages are a family of related languages spoken in the Andean region in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina. They are often referred to as a single language called “Quechua”, but this is not an accurate characterization. Referring to this language family as a single language would be similar to referring to all of the Romance languages including Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Romanian and others all as a single language called “Modern Latin”. In reality, the Quechuan languages are several - perhaps as much as several dozen - distinct languages, as judged by the common linguistic standard of “mutual intelligibility.” This means that when two dialects are so different that their speakers can no longer effectively communicate, from a linguistic approach we are dealing with two distinct languages. As early as 1571 Pedro Pizarro, chronicler and cousin of conquistador Francisco Pizarro, remarked that different Quechuan languages were distinct along the lines of Spanish and Portuguese. For the difference between Quechuan languages spoken in central Peru versus the others, we may be talking about a distinction more similar to Spanish versus French, or maybe even Romanian. Knowing one of these languages does not mean you can automatically speak to someone who knows another, although due to family similarities knowing one Quechuan language is often better than starting from scratch when learning another one. But as anyone who has studied Quechua in one region and then attempted to speak in another knows, the Quechuan languages are a large family of distinct languages.

Part of the reason why the Quechuan languages have not been understood in terms of a large language family is due to their unique history. In addition to their gradual divergence over increasing distances or past geographical obstacles to form a “dialect chain” in which each region differs just slightly from the adjacent ones, a tumultuous history of political expansion and long distance movement of whole populations associated with the Inca Empire (although probably beginning long before it) means that in any given region several Quechuas from other regions may have had influence. During the 15th Century a Southern form of Quechua was introduced to the northern Andean region later known as “Ecuador” as the administrative language of the Inca Empire, possibly together with other Quechuan languages spoken by the mitma populations brought into the region to speed the process of introduction of Incan language and culture. Some scholars believe Quechuan languages were present even before the Incas, but evidence for this is scant. On arrival, the Quechuan languages came into contact with local languages about which we know little, but which can loosely be referred to by historical names like Cara, Puruhá and Cañari, some or all of which were related to the modern Barbacoan languages of the Ecuadorian coastal foothills of the Andes: Tsafiki, Cha’palaa and Awa Pit. This situation of language contact and change saw the emergence of a new Quechuan language: Ecuadorian highland Quichua, which has features which developed uniquely in Ecuador - Colombian Quechua shares some but not all of them. In processes that continued during the Colonial period, Quiechua became the first language of most indigenous people in the highlands, and a common second language for mestizos (something much less common today). A separate Ecuadorian Quichua formed simultaneously or slightly later in the Amazonian lowlands to the East. These two Quechuan languages are known today as Highland and Lowland Quichua in the literature.

Today, the situation of the Quechuan languages within Ecuador can be characterized as follows: there are two Quechuan languages spoken in Ecuador, Highland and Lowland Quichua, with a degree of shared history between them, if not enough to be fully mutually intelligible in the experiences of most speakers. Here the “Spanish-Portuguese analogy” may capture the approximate difference. On the other hand, most speakers of either Highland or Lowland Quichua agree that they can understand other Quichuas from their region, and just detect a different accent. This means we can characterize all of the many local varieties of Highland Quichua as a single language with several regional dialects along the lines of Ecuadorian versus Mexican versus Argentine Spanish. Likewise, Lowland Quichua varieties, of which there are fewer distinct regional varieties than in the highlands, vary perhaps on the level of different regional types of Portuguese in Brazil. The Lowland Quichua varieties have spread down the rivers from key points of Quechuan language spread near to the Andes, dividing into different varieties around Tena, in Pastaza province, and downriver on the Napo and Aguarico rivers towards Peru. Highland varieties are not in contact with or in geographic proximity to any Peruvian Quechuas; historically the Quichua region begins well within the southern border of Ecuador around Saraguro in Loja province and continues more or less contiguously (or at least did so up until language shift to Spanish in some regions) to the northern part of Imbabura province, up until the Mira river valley, beyond which was not historically a Quechuan area (although Colombian Quechua is spoken much further north). The Imbabura variety of Highland Quichua is notable as the northernmost variety in Ecuador, with distinctive linguistic features and a unique cultural context. This is the variety that this new dictionary covers, one local dialect of a language that forms a part of a large family that historically spread through the Andes.

There can’t be just one type of dictionary, because there is not just one type of reading public, just one type of strategy for including or excluding words, or just one type of multilingual situation. The first dictionaries of Quechuan languages were compiled by the Spanish for purposes of evangelization, like the16th and 17th century “vocabularios” of Santo Tomás and Gonzalez de Holguin, and this tradition which continues in new forms in texts produced by both catholic and protestant missionaries today. Later dictionaries were composed in the philological tradition, like the classic 1892 dictionary by Ecuadorian president Luis Cordero, precursors of modern linguistic studies, were compiled for the purpose of academic study. And with the arrival of bilingual education programs in the Andean countries, dictionaries of Quechuan languages began to be produced for pedagogical purposes. The type of vocabulary included in each of these kinds of dictionaries varied depending on its purpose. The missionary dictionaries focused on translating or approximating European religious concepts with the resources of Quechuan languages. Philological and linguistic dictionaries endeavor to leave a descriptive record of a language’s vocabulary for research purposes. Pedagogical language texts generally have the goal of teaching a standard writing system and vocabulary, often advocating replacing old Spanish borrowings with new Quechuan terms. These differing purposes influence which words are included and excluded in a dictionary, affect how those words are represented, and shape specific strategies towards dictionary creation. Following this argument, a changing world may result in changing purposes for documents like dictionaries.

The Otavalan people of the Province of Imbabura, speakers of their own local variety of Ecuadorian Highland Quichua, known locally as kichwa (or runa shimi or yanga shimi), and increasingly written with a ‘k’ in recent years, have a unique language contact situation that adds another type of purpose to dictionary creation. Based on their long tradition of weaving and of traveling as merchants, the Otavalan people have developed a unique modern economy based both on tourism in indigenous communities as well as travel around the world to sell textiles and other crafts. In this sociolinguistic situation, Otavalan people whose language is traditionally mediated by Spanish in Ecuadorian society may find themselves translating directly between Kichwa and English, whether while traveling abroad or while selling to tourists in the markets in Ecuador. This dictionary fills this special niche of situations of translation between Kichwa and English, and is the first text of this particular type, adding to the range of different ways to approach dictionary creation. Local Kichwa varieties in Ecuador are diverse, and pedagogical texts often have the problem of trying to treat them all in the same way. This dictionary avoids this problem by being specifically tailored to the Otavalan variety, perhaps signaling movement away from pushes for “unification” and towards a greater recognition of regional diversity. However, advocates of unified writing and of respect for dialect diversity will both be satisfied to see each entry both in unified kichwa as well as phonetic transcriptions that represent the real sounds of the words as they are spoken in Imbabura Kichwa. The dictionary does not constitute a direct documentation of the Imbabura Kichwa lexicon, however, because it includes neologisms and Peruvian Quechua terms in place of common Spanish borrowings, making it more of an imagined, idealized lexicon for a specific public that appreciates this kind of more planned register.

Author Santiago Gualapuro is an Otavalan who has long-term personal experience in world travel in English speaking regions himself, providing great experience on which to base this particular type of dictionary. After several years in Canada, where he began collaborating with linguists to create the dictionary, he then moved to the USA for advanced study in linguistics himself. The author having lived in precisely the types of international contexts that this dictionary is designed for means that readers in similar situations will likely find the dictionary’s style and lexical insights useful. Otavalan world travelers will want to slip this volume into their suitcase before boarding the plane to the USA, Europe, or wherever else they are heading. Students in Imbabura high schools and universities are putting more and more emphasis on early English competence, and may want to keep this book handy for thinking directly about correspondences of Kichwa to English without Spanish getting in the way. Young people may want to double-check their orthography against a standard while posting Kichwa on social media, or may be beginning to read and post in English online and want to check meanings and spelling as they experiment with their “second” language (which is actually in most cases their third, after Kichwa and Spanish). Being an English-based resource also means that foreign travelers to Imbabura will likewise be able to translate directly from English as they try out the Kichwa they learn in visits to indigenous communities, so this is yet another public for the dictionary. These new, young, cosmopolitan, multi-cultural publics are very different from the missionaries and philologists who have historically put together dictionaries of Quechuan languages, and new and different types of dictionaries like this one will help fill their different needs. In a globalizing world where Kichwa and English are increasingly in contact, this dictionary adapts to this social context and helps to remind us that there is not objectively one type or one purpose for a dictionary, but that they are cultural objects subject fine-tuning to ongoing social change. Due to the lexical additions from beyond Imbabura Kichwa, researchers will not want to treat this dictionary as a descriptive source, but that is not its main purpose, nor that which always responds to local concerns. Readers will instead find in this new book a unique dictionary for a unique people in a unique social context, which, it is increasingly becoming clear, is an element that is unavoidable and that must be embraced in how different types of dictionaries are created in the 21st Century. Not meant for academic research, evangelization, or other purposes that are often far removed from local needs, this a dictionary specifically for applied use by modern, intercultural Kichwa speakers in a global world, and as such is the first of its kind. In this way it participates in the long social history of the Quechuan languages in mutli-lingual and culturally diverse settings that began in pre-Colombian times and continues today.

Napaykuna

Kichwaka kawsaymi kan, kay llamkaykunataka, tukuy Kichwa rimak runakunapakmi yuyarishka kan, shinallatak may pi yachakunkapak munakkunapapash. Sumak napaykuna tukuy kikinkunaman, shinallatak ñuka ayllukunaman yanapashkamanta, sinchiyachishkamanta, yuyaykunata karashkamantapash.

Maria Celestina Gualapuro, Luis Juan Gualapuro, ñuka taytakuna, shinallatak Joshuah Isai, Memphis Saori Gualapuro Males ñuka churi, shinallatak ushipash.

Tawka yuyaychaykuna ñuka wawkikunaman, Alex, Moises, Miguel shinallatak Digna Isabel Gualapuro Gualapuro, ñuka pani.

Shinallatak ninanta yupaychani University of Alberta, Department of Linguistics mashikunata, Dr. Jordan Lachler, sumak yuyaykunawan yachaykunawan yanapashkamanta. Sean Burke, Conor Snoek shinallatak Michelle Garcia-Vega sumakta yanapashkamanta. Evan Lloyd shinallatak Megan Bontogon kushilla yapanakushkamanta.

Shinallatak Universidad San Francisco de Quito, paykunami kay kamuta rikuchishpa kankakuna.

Acknowledgements

Kichwa is alive; therefore this work is for the Kichwa-speaking world and to those who will learn this beautiful language. I want to thank first of all my parents, Maria Celestina and Luis Juan Gualapuro, for their special gift, teaching us to be proud and to love our culture and language.

To my kids: Joshuah Isai and Memphis Saori Gualapuro Males.

To my siblings: Alex, Moises, Miguel and Digna Isabel Gualapuro Gualapuro.

I am very grateful to the Department of Linguistics at the University of Alberta: to Dr Jordan Lachler and his expertise and time given to successfully complete this dictionary, to Sean Burke, Conor Snoek and Michelle Garcia-Vega for their skillful help provided in this research, and to Evan Lloyd and Megan Bontogon for the their hard work and involvement in this project. Without your help this dictionary would not be possible.

Thank you, also, to the Universidad San Francisco de Quito for printing this dictionary and making it available to the public.

Willachiy

Kay Kichwa English shimiyuk kamuka, ALKI (Academia de la Lengua Kichwa) 2007 watapi rurashka shimiyuk kamu, shinallatak, “Kichwa: Yachakukkupak Shimiyuk Kamu” (Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura, Ecuador) 2009 watapi killkashka shimiyuk kamukunata katishpa rurashkami kan. Ashtawanpash, Imbabura Markapi rimashka Kichwapak Uyarikanchata katishpa rurashkami kan. Kay rimayka mana nisha ninchu tukuylla Ecuadorpi rimashka Kichwakunawan rikchak kaktaka. Chaymantami kay kamuka Imbabura Kichwa rimayta ashtawan rikuchiy tukun.

Disclaimer

This Kichwa English dictionary is following the ALKI (Academia de la Lengua Kichwa) (2007) and “Kichwa: Yachakukkupak Shimiyuk Kamu” (Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura, Ecuador) (2009) structures and formats. The wordlist used in this dictionary also resembles both of these works. However, some of the words found in the dictionary may not be familiar to all Ecuadorean Kichwa speakers as this work is more related to Imbabura Kichwa variety. Similarly, some new words that are used in casual speech of Imbabura Kichwa have been introduced to the list. Some of these words may not be found in other Ecuadorean Kichwa varieties. Additionally, the phonological aspect of this dictionary is based on the Imbabura Kichwa variety.

Rikuchikkuna

Introduction To Kichwa

Kichwata ima shina yachakunakunamantami asha rikuchikuna kan. Shimiyuk ima shina killkashkakunata maykan killka katikkunapak pankayachinkapak willaykunami kan.

Kichwa shimita 3 uyaywakunatami charin; a, i, u. Shinallatak 18 uyantinkunatak; ch, h, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, ts, w, y, z, zh.

Kichwa has 3 vowels (a, i, u) and 18 consonants (ch, h, k, l, ll, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, sh, t, ts, w, y, z, zh); all of them are explained in the following chart, using International Phonetic Alphabet. Note that the pronunciation given here is based on the Otavalo dialect of Imbabura Kichwa. Pronunciations in other areas may vary slightly.

Uyaywakuna / The Vowels

<a>, uyarinmi English shimipi ball ima shina uyarin.

The letter “a” is similar to the “a” in English ball.

IPA:[a] [alku] allku-- dog

<i>, uyatinmi English shimipi bee ima shina uyarin.

The letter “i” is similar to the “ee” in English bee.

IPA: [i] [ima] ima -- what

<u>, uyarinmi English shimipi blue ima shina uyarin.

The letter “u” is similar to the “ue” in English blue.

IPA: [u] [uma]uma -- head

English rimaypi ¨e, o¨ uyaywakunaka mana tiyanchu Kichwapika.

The letters “e” and “o” are not used in writing Kichwa.

Uyantinkuna / The Consonants

Kichwa uyantinkunaka wakinpi mana ima shina killkashka uyarin. Chaymantami IPA (INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET) rimay uyarik rikuchik killkaywan kay katipi kan. Willapanchik kaykunaka Otavalo rimay uyarik chaytami rikuchisha nin.

Some consonants in Kichwa can be pronounced in several ways, so always check the phonetics to make sure you are pronouncing them correctly for that particular word. Please remember that the pronunciations are based on Imbabura Kichwa.

<ch> ima shina English chair uyarin.

The letter <ch> is pronounced as in English chair.

IPA: [tʃ] [tʃaki]chaki -- foot

<h> ima shina English hello uyarin.

The letter <h> is pronounced as in English hello.

IPA: [h], [x] [hambi] ~ [xambi] hampi -- remedy

[humbi] ~ [xumbi] humpi -- sweat

<k> ima shina English case, kilo uyarin shimi kallaripi kashpa.

The letter <k> is usually pronounced as in English kilo.

IPA: [k] [kalpaj] kallpay -- run!

<k> ima shina English hang uyarin: man-ka, pun-ku, ¨n¨ killka washapi kakpi.

The letter <k> is pronounced as <g> in English go, when it follows <n>

IPA: [g] [maŋga] manka -- pot

    [puŋgu] punku -- door

<k> ima shina English house uyarin: ka-kpi ¨p¨, ta-kshana ¨t¨, shuk uyantinpak ñawpapi kakpi, shinapash ¨k¨ rimaytapash rimay usharinllami.

The letter <k> can be pronounced in several different ways when it comes before another consonant, or occurs at the end of the word. At times it can be pronounced as in English duck, or as in English dug. It can also be pronounced as [x], a strong h-like sound not found in English.

IPA: [g] ~ [x] ~ [k] [pagta] ~ [paxta] ~ [pakta] pakta -- together

[tagʃana] ~ [taxʃana] ~ [takʃana] takshana -- to launder

Shinallatak pipak nishpa rimaykunapi, shinapash upa sakirinchami kashna:

The letter <k> in the possessive ending -pak is sometimes pronounced [g], sometimes pronounced [x], but is often silent.

IPA: [g] ~ [x] ~ [Ø] [ɲukapag] ~ [ɲukapax] ~ [ɲukapa] ñukapak -- my

<k> ima shina English yahoo uyarin, mikuna-kun shina killkashka kakpi. (Progressive)

The letter <k> in the progressive ending -ku- is always pronounced [x], and never as [g] or [k].

IPA: [x] [mikuxuni] mikukuni -- (I am) eating

<l> ima shina English luck uyarin shinallatak.

The letter <l> is pronounced as in English luck.

IPA: [l] [lulun] lulun -- egg

<ll> ima shina English collision uyarin.

The letter <ll> is pronounced as <si> in collision when it comes before a vowel.

IPA: [ʒ] [ʒuʒa] llulla -- false

<ll> ima shina English look uyarin, all-ku, shuk uyantinpak ñawpapi killkashka kakpi.

The letter <ll> is pronounced as the <l> in English look when it comes before a consonant.

IPA: [l] [alku] allku -- dog

<m> ima shina English mom uyarin shinallatak.

The letter <m> is pronounced as in English mom.

IPA: [m] [marka] marka -- province

<n> ima shina English noon uyarin shinallatak.

The letter <n> is pronounced as in English noon when it comes before a vowel.

IPA: [n] [napaj] napay -- greeting

<n> ima shina English sing uyarin shina, ¨k¨ ñawpapi killkashka kakpi. Kin-kuna.

The letter <n> is pronounced as in English sing when it comes before the letter <k>.

IPA: [ŋ] [kiŋguna] kinkuna -- to turn

<ñ> ima shina English canyon uyarin shinallatak.

The letter <ñ> is pronounced as in English canyon.

IPA: [ɲ] [ɲawpana]ñawpana -- to lead

<p> ima shina English people uyarin paya shinallatak.

The letter <p> is usually pronounced as in English people.

IPA: [p] [pani] pani -- sister (of a man)

<p> ima shina English ambigous uyarin, kanpak., hampi.

The letter <p> is pronounced as [b], as in English ambiguous, when it comes after the letter <n> or <m>.

IPA: [b] [hambi] hampi -- remedy

<p> ima shina English fact, phone uyarin, pakina, piñana, puyu killkashka kakpi.

In some words, however, the letter <p> is pronounced as in English phone.

IPA: [f] [fakina]pakina -- to break

      [fiɲana]piñana -- to be angry

Before the letter <u>, it is usually pronounced as [ɸ], a sound not found in English.

IPA: [ɸ] [ɸuyu] puyu -- cloud

<r> ima shina Spanish rojo uyarin, shuk uyantinpak ñawpapi kashpa: tarpuy

The letter <r> is pronounced like the rolled <r> in Spanish rojo when it occurs in the middle of a word.

IPA: [r] [tarpuj] tarpuy -- cultivation

<r> ima shina uyarin shina ñawpapi kashpa: raku, rupa. Shinapash “r” rimaywanlla rimay usharinmi.

When the letter <r> occurs at the beginning of a word, it is usually pronounced as [ř], similar to a combination of [r] and [ʒ]. This sound is not found in English.

IPA: [ř] ~ [r] [řaku] ~ [raku]raku -- thick

[řupa] ~ [rupa]rupa -- hot

<s> ima shina English soul uyarin shinallatak.

The letter <s> is pronounced as in English soul.

IPA: [s] [sara] sara -- corn

<sh> ima shina English shake uyarin shinallatak.

The letter <sh> is pronounced as in English shake.

IPA: [ʃ] [ʃuʃuna]shushuna -- sieve

<t> ima shina English tool uyarin .

The letter <t> is usually pronounced as in English tool.

IPA: [t] [tugtu] ~ [tuxtu]tuktu -- corn inflorescence

<t> ima shina English dollar uyarin, ¨n¨ ñawpapi tiyakukpi: tanta shina killkashka kakpi.

When the letter <t> comes after the letter <n>, it is usually pronounced as <d> as in English dollar.

IPA: [d] [tanda] tanta -- bread

   [pandana] pantana -- to make a mistake

<ts> ima shina tsini uyarin shina

The letter <ts> is pronounced as in English cats. This sound does not occur at the beginning of words in English, but it does occur at the beginning of words in Kichwa.

IPA: [ts] [tsini]tsini -- nettle

<w> ima shina English William uyarin.

The letter <w> is usually pronounced as in English William.

IPA: [w] [wawa]wawa -- child

  [wawki]wawki -- brother (said of a male)

<w> ima shina English victory uyarin, wakin “i” pak ñawpapi kakpi: wiksa

When the letter <w> comes before the letter <i>, it is sometimes pronounced as the <v> in English victory.

IPA: [v] [viksa] ~ [vixsa] ~ [wixsa]wiksa -- stomach

<y> ima shina English yellow uyarin: yaku, yawar

The letter <y> is pronounced as in English yellow.

IPA: [j] [jaku]yaku -- water

[jawar]yawar -- blood

[janda]yanta -- firewood

Rikuychik, Kichwapika mana ishkay uyaywakuna pakta riy ushanchu. May ishkay uyaywa uyarin shimikunapika mawka, wayku, maymi ¨w, y¨ uyantinkunawanmi killkarin. Kichwapi 3 uyaywakunalla tiyaymantaka kay rikuchikka mana sinchichu kan.

In Kichwa, 2 vowels must not go together in any word. For example, mawka but not mauka, wayku but not waiku, maymi but not maimi. They are replaced by <w> and <y> when needed.

Kichwa Yachakuy

Learning Kichwa

Shutipakkuna / personal pronouns

Ñuka

I, me

Kan, Kikin

you (singular, informal)

Kikin

you (singular, polite)

Pay

he, she, him, her

Ñukanchik

we, us

Kankuna

you (plural, informal)

Kikinkuna

you (plural, polite)

Paykuna

they, them

Pipak Nishka Shutipakkuna / Possessive Pronouns

Ñukapak

my, mine

Kanpak

your, yours (singular, informal)

Kikinpak

your, yours (singular, polite)

Paypak

his, her, hers

Ñukanchipak

our, ours

Kankunapak

your, yours (plural, informal)

Kikinkunapak

your, yours (plural, polite)

Paykunapak

their, theirs

Tullpukuna / Colors

Yurak

white

Yana

black

Maywa

purple

Ankas

blue

Killu

yellow

Puka

red

Wamintsi

pink

Paku

brown

Waylla

green

Suku

gray

Uchpa

silver

Yupaykuna / Numbers

0

chushak, illak

zero, none

1

Shuk

one

2

Ishkay

two

3

Kimsa

three

4

Chusku

four

5

Pichka

five

6

Sukta

six

7

Kanchis

seven

8

Pusak

eight

9

Iskun

nine

10

Chunka

ten

11

Chunka shuk

eleven

20

Ishkay chunka

twenty

30

Kimsa chunka

thirty

40

Chusku chunka

forty

50

Pichka chunka

fifty

60

Sukta chunka

sixty

70

Kanchis chunka

seventy

80

Pusak chunka

eighty

90

Iskun chunka

ninety

100

Patsak

one hundred

200

Ishkay patsak

two hundred

1000

Waranka

one thousand

10000

Chunka waranka

ten thousand

100000

Patsak waranka

one hundred thousand

1000000

Shuk hunu

one million

Napaykuna / Greetings

Imanalla

Hi! How are you? What’s up?

Alli puncha

Good morning!

Alli chishi

Good afternoon!

Alli tuta

Good night! Good evening!

Kayakaman

See you tomorrow!

Shuk punchakaman

See you another day!

Chishikaman

See you in the afternoon!

Tutakaman

See you tonight!

Ashta kashkaman

See you later!

Tuparishun

See you sometime!

Tapuykuna / Questions

Ima shutita kanki

What is your name?

Mashna watatatak charinki

How old are you?

Allillachu kanki

How are you?

Maymantatak kanki

Where are you from?

Maykantak

Which one?

Imatatak rurakunki

What are you doing?

Chaypichu kanki

Are you there?

Kaypichu kanki

Are you here?

Imatatak munan

What do you want?

Maypitak kan

Where is it?

Maymantak rikunki

Where are you going?

Pipatak kayka

Whose is this?

Maypitak ishpana uku sakirin

Where is the washroom?

Mashnatak kayka kapan

How much is it?

Maykan ñantata risha

Which way should I go?

Ayllukuna / Family

Tayta, Yaya

Father, dad

Mama, Yaya

Mother, mom

Hatayta

Grandfather

Hatuku

Grandmother

Wawki

Brother, said of male to male

Pani

Sister, said of male to female

Ñaña

Sister, said of female to female

Turi

Brother, said of female to male

Ushi

Daughter

Churi

Son

La-churi

Step-son

La-ushi

Step-daughter

La-mama

Step-mother

La-tayta

Step-father

Achiktayta

Godfather

Achikmama

Godmother

Pachakunamanta / Time

Tuylla

Second

Hayri, chiniku

Minute

Muray

Hour

Puncha

Day

Hunkay

Week

Killa

Month

Wata

Year

Yuyaykuna / Sentences

Ima shina Kichwa shimi tikran

Rimay

speech

Rimana

to speak, to talk

Riman

speaks, talks

Rimak

speaker

Ima shina yuyaykunata killkana, sarun pachakunapi, kunan pachakunapi shinallatak shamuk pachakunapipash.

Below are examples of the conjugation of the Kichwa verb rimana “to speak” in various forms. The endings are shown in bold.

Simple Present

Ñuka rimani

I speak

Kan rimanki

You (informal) speak

Kikin rimanki

You (polite) speak

Pay riman

S/he speaks

Ñukanchik rimanchik

We speak

Kankuna rimankichik

You all (informal) speak

Kikinkuna rimankichik

You all (polite) speak

Paykuna riman

They speak

Present Progressive

Ñuka rimakuni

I am speaking

Kan rimakunki

You (informal) are speaking

Kikin rimakunki

You (polite) are speaking

Pay rimakun

S/he is speaking

Ñukanchik rimanakunchik

We are speaking

Kankuna rimanakunkichik

You all (informal) are speaking

Kikinkuna rimanakunkichik

You all (polite) are speaking

Paykuna rimanakun

They are speaking

Present Intentive

Ñuka rimakrini

I am going to speak

Kan rimakrinki

You (informal) are going to speak

Kikin rimakrinki

You (polite) are going to speak

Pay rimakrin

S/he is going to speak

Ñukanchik rimakrinchik

We are going to speak

Kankuna rimakrinkichik

You all (informal) are going to speak

Kikinkuna rimakrinkichik

You all (polite) are going to speak

Paykuna rimakrin

They are going to speak

Present Progressive Intentive

Ñuka rimakrikuni

I am going to be speaking

Kan rimakrikunki

You (informal) are going to be speakin

Kikin rimakrikunki

You (polite) are going to be speaking

Pay rimakrikun

S/he is going to be speaking

Ñukanchik rimakrinakunchik

We are going to be speaking

Kankuna rimakrinakunkichik

You all (informal) are going to be speaking

Kikinkuna rimakrinakunkichik

You all (polite) are going to be

Paykuna rimakrinakun

They are going to be speaking

Present Durative

Ñuka rimariyani

I keep speaking

Kan rimariyanki

You (informal) keep speaking

Kikin rimariyanki

You (polite) keep speaking

Pay rimariyan

S/he keeps speaking

Ñukanchik rimariyanchik

We keep speaking

Kankuna rimariyankichik

You all (informal) keep speaking

Kikinkuna rimariyankichik

You all (polite) keep speaking

Paykuna rimariyan

They keep speaking

Present Perfect

Ñuka rimashkani

I have spoken

Kan rimashkanki

You (informal) have spoken

Kikin rimashkanki

You (polite) have spoken

Pay rimashka

S/he has spoken

Ñukanchik rimashkanchik

We have spoken

Kankuna rimashkankichik

You all (informal) have spoken

Kikinkuna rimashkankichik

You all (polite) have spoken

Paykuna rimashka

They have spoken

Present Conditional

Ñuka rimayman

I would speak

Kan rimankiman

You (informal) would speak

Kikin rimankiman

You (polite) would speak

Pay rimanman

S/he would speak

Ñukanchik rimanchiman

We would speak

Kankuna rimankichiman

You all (informal) would speak

Kikinkuna rimankichiman

You all (polite) would speak

Paykuna rimanman

They would speak

Simple Past

Ñuka rimarkani

I spoke

Kan rimarkanki

You (informal) spoke

Kikin rimarkanki

You (polite) spoke

Pay rimarka

S/he spoke

Ñukanchik rimarkanchik

We spoke

Kankuna rimarkankichik

You all (informal) spoke

Kikinkuna rimarkankichik

You all (polite) spoke

Paykuna rimarkakuna

They spoke

Past Progressive

Ñuka rimakurkani

I was speaking

Kan rimakurkanki

You (informal) were speaking

Kikin rimakurkanki

You (polite) were speaking

Pay rimakurka

S/he was speaking

Ñukanchik rimanakurkanchik

We were speaking

Kankuna rimanakurkankichik

You all (informal) were speaking

Kikinkuna rimanakurkankichik

You all (polite) were speaking

Paykuna rimanakurka

They were speaking

Past Intentive

Ñuka rimakrirkani

I was going to speak

Kan rimakrirkanki

You (informal) were going to speak

Kikin rimakrirkanki

You (polite) were going to speak

Pay rimakrirka

S/he was going to speak

Ñukanchik rimakrirkanchik

We were going to speak

Kankuna rimakrirkankichik

You all (informal) were going to speak

Kikinkuna rimakrirkankichik

You all (polite) were going to speak

Paykuna rimakrirka

They were going to speak

Past Durative

Ñuka rimariyarkani

I kept on speaking

Kan rimariyarkanki

You (informal) kept on speaking

Kikin rimariyarkanki

You (polite) kept on speaking

Pay rimariyarka

He/She kept on speaking

Ñukanchik rimariyarkanchik

We kept on speaking

Kankuna rimariyarkankichik

You all (informal) kept on speaking

Kikinkuna rimariyarkankichik

You all (polite) kept on speaking

Paykuna rimariyarka

They kept on speaking

Past Perfect

Ñuka rimashkarkani

I had spoken

Kan rimashkarkanki

You (informal) had spoken

Kikin rimashkarkanki

You (polite) had spoken

Pay rimashkarka

S/he had spoken

Ñukanchik rimashkarkanchik

We had spoken

Kankuna rimashkarkankichik

You all (informal) had spoken

Kikinkuna rimashkarkankichik

You all (polite) had spoken

Paykuna rimashkarka

They had spoken

Simple Future

Ñuka rimasha

I will speak

Kan rimanki

You (informal) will speak

Kikin rimanki

You (polite) will speak

Pay rimanka

S/he will speak

Ñukanchik rimashun

We will speak

Kankuna rimankichik

You all (informal) will speak

Kikinkuna rimankichik

You all (polite) will speak

Paykuna rimanka

They will speak

Future Progressive

Ñuka rimakusha

I will be speaking

Kan rimakunki

You (informal) will be speaking

Kikin rimakunki

You (polite) will be speaking

Pay rimakunka

S/he will be speaking

Ñukanchik rimanakushun

We will be speaking

Kankuna rimanakunkichik

You all (informal) will be speaking

Kikinkuna rimanakunkichik

You all (polite) will be speaking

Paykuna rimanakunka

They will be speaking

Future Intentive

Ñuka rimakrisha

I will be going to speak

Kan rimakrinki

You (informal) will be going to speak

Kikin rimakrinki

You (polite) will be going to speak

Pay rimakrinka

S/he will be going to speak

Ñukanchik rimakrinchik

We will be going to speak

Kankuna rimakrinkichik

You all (informal) will be going to speak

Kikinkuna rimakrinkichik

You all (polite) will be going to speak

Paykuna rimakrinka

They will be going to speak

Future Durative

Ñuka rimariyasha

I will keep on speaking

Kan rimariyanki

You (informal) will keep on speaking

Kikin rimariyanki

You (polite) will keep on speaking

Pay rimariyanka

S/he will keep on speaking

Ñukanchik rimariyarkashun

We will keep on speaking

Kankuna rimariyankichik

You (informal) all will keep on speaking

Kikinkuna rimariyankichik

You (polite) all will keep on speaking

Paykuna rimariyanka

They will keep on speaking

Ima Shina Shimiyuk Kamuta Rikunamanta

How To Use The Dictionary

Rikushun ima shinami Kichwa English shimiyuk rurashka kan:

This is how the Kichwa English dictionary entries are structured:

amallatak [amaʒa, amaʒatak] adv. hopefully not. •Amallatak tamyashkaman kunan puncha. Hopefully it will not rain today.

Kichwa:

amallatak

Uyarin / Phonetics:

[amaʒa, amaʒatak]

Ima kak / Part of speech:

adv.

English:

hopefully not. (an expression for something you do not want to happen)

Kichwa yuyay / Kichwa sentence:

•Amallatak tamyashkaman kunan puncha.

English tikrachishka / English translation:

Hopefully it will not rain today.

Rakishka Shimikunamanta / Abbreviations

Hamuktankapak pankalla kachun nishpami wakin “parts of speech” talla churashkanchik.

The abbreviations for parts of speech are shown below.

Shinallatak English nishka rikuripimi wakin.

In the English glosses you will also find the following abbreviations:

Kichwamanta Englishman

A

achachay; achik[atʃatʃai];[atʃix, atʃi]interj; nn. used to express someone’s reaction to feeling cold, such as cold weather or cold to the touch; light, brightness (said of stars or other extraterrestrial lights). •Achachay, yapata chirin.; Tutakunaka Kuyllurkuna achikmi rikurin. It is very cold!; Stars are bright during the night!

achiklla[atʃixʒa]adj. clear, bright, shiny (said of astronomical or other sources of light). •Intika achikllami punchayachin.The sun shines brightly.

achikmama[atʃikmama, atʃimama]nn. godmother. •Mariami ñuka achikmama. Maria is my godmother.

achiktayta[atʃitaita]nn. godfather. •Luismi kay wawapak achiktayta kan.Luis is the godfather of this child.

achikyachina[atʃikjatʃina]vb. to make it clear, to make something understood when talking about ideas. •Kanpak yuyayta alli achikyachina kanki tukuykuna alli hamuktachun.You have to make clear your ideas in order for everyone to understand.

achikyana[atʃixjana, atʃigjana]vb. to be bright, to shine, to be clear. Term used to describe all atmospherical lights. •Killaka amsa tutapimi achikyachin.The moon shines during the night.

achira[atsira, atʃira]nn. Bot. a type of potato with a sweet flavor. Canna lily.

achiwa[atʃiwa]nn. umbrella. •Achiwaka tamyakukpi shutunamanta allichinmi.An umbrella protects one from getting wet when it is raining.

achka[attʃa, atʃka]adv. much, many, a lot, very. •Kunan puncha achka runakuna tantanakushka.There are many people gathered today.

achukcha[atʃuktʃa, atʃugtʃa, atʃuxtʃa]nn. Bot. achogcha (an Andean vegetable used in Kichwa cuisine). Cyclanthera spp.

achupalla[atʃupaʒa]nn. Bot. fascicularia bicolor. A phanerogam plant of the high altitude forest. A plant from the high grassy plateau of the Andes.

achupalla[atʃupaʒa]nn. cordillera, mountain range.

ahana[axana]vb. to yell. •Marthaka paypak mama ahanata mana uyankapak munaymantami wasita utka picharka.Martha sweeps her house before her mom yells at her for not doing it.

akapana[akapana]nn. Jupiter.

akapana[akapana]nn. typhoon, hurricane, tornado.

akcha[aktʃa, axtʃa]nn. Anat. hair, fur.

akcha-shuwa[aktʃaʃuwa]nn. Zool. dragonfly.

aki[aki]nn. mother-in-law. •Luis mashipak aki mamaka alli allimi kan.Luis’s mother-in-law is a very nice person.

akilla[akiʒa]nn. silver cup. •Akillapimi aswata upyakuni. I am drinking chicha from a silver cup.

akma[ak, akma]adj. yellowish, greenish (said of a potato that has been exposed to air or sunlight). •Akma papaka mana alli rikurinchu.That yellowish potato looks horrible.

aknina[agnina, axnina]vb. to burp, to belch. •Mana akninachu kanki kaypi.Do not burp here.

aknina[agnina, axnina]vb. to be in doubt, to be unclear, to be undecided. •Payka aknishkami tiyakun imata churanata yachashpa.She is undecided about what to wear.

aksu[axsu, aksu]nn. type of skirt. •Chay warmika sumak aksutami churakushka.That woman is wearing a nice skirt.

aktuna[axtuna, axtuj]vb. to spit. •Ama aktuychu yakupi.Do not spit in the water.

akuna[akuna, akuj]vb. to chew, to masticate. •Mikunakunataka allimi akuna.Food has to be well chewed.

akwa[akwa, axwa]nn. Bot. cinnamon. A spice tree in the rainforest, the spice of which is commonly used in teas or sophisticated cuisines. Of the Order of Laurales, family Lauraceae, genus Cinnamomum spp.

akwas[axwas]nn. Med. scabies, itch, mange. •Chay wanraka akwasta makipi charin.That guy has scabies on his arms.

akwas[akwas, axwas]nn. fuzz, fluff. •Wakin kurukunapak, pankakunapak kashalla ñutu millmatami akwas nishpa risinchik.Those little soft itchy hairs on some insects or plants are known as akwas in Kichwa.

ala[ala]nn. mushroom. •Rantishpa apamuni alata yanunkapak.I bought mushrooms for cooking.

alalay[alalaj, lalaj, laj]interj. yikes!, oh no!; expression used for dismay, disappointment or astonishment. •Kuytsaka manchaymanta “alalay” nishpa kaparin.That girl screamed “alalay” out of fear.

alama[alama, ala]nn. a conversation between friends.

alapana[alapana, arapana]vb. to tangle up, to wrap around. •Ama chay puchkata alapaychu. Do not tangle up the thread.•Chay purutu ankuta kaspipi alapana kanki.You have to wrap the bean vine around the stick.

alapana[alapana]vb. a catfight, a fight between women. •Ñuka rikurkani warmikuna alapanakukta.I saw women fighting.

alaparina[alaparina]vb.