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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
phpmyAdmin is one of the most widely used open source applications, which is written in PHP. phpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations with MySQL. Currently, it can create and drop databases, create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement, manage keys on fields, manage privileges, export data into various formats and is available in 52 languages.phpMyAdmin is a web-based front-end to manage MySQL databases and has been adopted by a number of Open-Source distributors.Mastering phpMyAdmin 3.4 for Effective MySQL Management is an easy-to-read, step-by-step practical guide that walks you through every facet of this legendary toolóphpMyAdminóand takes you a step ahead in taking full advantage of its potential. This book is filled with illustrative examples that will help you understand every phpMyAdmin feature in detail.This is the official guide to this popular MySQL web interface. It starts with installing and configuring phpMyAdmin, including the phpMyAdmin Configuration Storage, which is the key to its advanced features. This is followed by configuring authentication in phpMyAdmin and setting parameters that influence the interface as a whole.You will also learn some advanced features such as defining inter-table relations with the advanced Designer module. You will practice synchronizing databases on different servers and managing MySQL replication to improve performance and data security. Moreover, you will also store queries as bookmarks for their quick retrieval.In addition to it, this book helps you to learn new features introduced in version 3.4.x such as users' preferences, producing charts and the visual multi-table query builder.
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Table of Contents
Mastering phpMyAdmin 3.4 for Effective MySQL Management
Mastering phpMyAdmin 3.4 for Effective MySQL Management
Copyright © 2012 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: February 2012
Production Reference: 1310112
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-84951-778-2
www.packtpub.com
Cover Image by Michal Čihař (<[email protected]>)
Credits
Author
Marc Delisle
Reviewers
Madhura Jayaratne
Rouslan Placella
Lead Technical Editors
Kartikey Pandey
Meeta Rajani
Technical Editor
Kedar Bhat
Project Coordinator
Jovita Pinto
Proofreader
Mario Cecere
Indexer
Tejal Daruwale
Production Coordinator
Arvindkumar Gupta
Cover Work
Arvindkumar Gupta
About the Author
Marc Delisle was awarded "MySQL Community Member of the year 2009" because of his involvement with phpMyAdmin. He started to contribute to the project in December 1998, when he made the multi-language version. He is involved with phpMyAdmin as a developer, translator, and project administrator and enjoys meeting phpMyAdmin users in person.
Marc is a system administrator at Cegep de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. He lives in Sherbrooke with his wife and they enjoy spending time with their four children.
In addition to the "Mastering phpMyAdmin" successive editions, Marc has written "Creating your MySQL Database: Practical Design Tips and Techniques" and "phpMyAdmin Starter", also with Packt Publishing.
I am truly grateful to the Packt team whose sound comments were greatly appreciated during the production. My thanks also go to the reviewers of all editions; their sharp eyes helped in making this book clearer and more complete.
Finally, I wish to thank all contributors to phpMyAdmin's source code, translations, and documentation; their dedication to this project continues to push me forward.
About the Reviewers
Madhura Jayaratne is a Computer Science and Engineering graduate of University of Moratuwa. Currently he works as a software engineer and is located in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
He is a member of phpMyAdmin team and has contributed with GIS support for the software, which will be a part of its future releases. He continues to contribute by coding and translating the software.
Rouslan Placella, based in Cork, Ireland, is currently completing an Honors degree in Software Development at the Cork Institute of Technology. Born in Saint Petersbourg in 1985, his enthusiasm for programming and electronics was nurtured from a very early age. He is passionate about high performance and secure software and has been contributing to open source software with phpMyAdmin and Geeklog. During the summer of 2011 he took part in the Google Summer of Code program, where he developed an improved interface for MySQL routines, triggers, and events for phpMyAdmin. He currently also teaches Math and programming to second and third-level students.
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This book is dedicated to Carole, André, Corinne, Annie, and Guillaume, with all my love.
Preface
phpMyAdmin is an open source web interface that handles the administration of MySQL. It can perform various tasks such as creating, modifying, or deleting databases, tables, columns, or rows. It can also execute SQL statements or manage users and their permissions. When it comes to exploiting phpMyAdmin to its full potential, even experienced developers and system administrators search for tutorials to accomplish their tasks.
Mastering phpMyAdmin 3.4 for Effective MySQL Management is an easy-to-read, step-by-step practical guide that walks you through every facet of this legendary tool—phpMyAdmin—and takes you a step ahead in taking full advantage of its potential. This book is filled with illustrative examples that will help you understand every phpMyAdmin feature in detail.
This book jump starts with installing and configuring phpMyAdmin, and then looks into phpMyAdmin's features. This is followed by configuring authentication in phpMyAdmin and setting parameters that influence the interface as a whole, including the new user preferences feature. You will first create two basic tables and then edit, delete data, tables, and databases. As backups are crucial to a project, you will create up-to-date backups and then look into importing the data that you have exported. You will also explore the various search mechanisms and query across multiple tables.
Now you will learn some advanced features such as defining inter-table relations, both with relation view and the Designer panel. Some queries are out of the scope of the interface; you will enter SQL command to accomplish these tasks.
You will also learn about synchronizing databases on different servers and managing MySQL replication to improve performance and data security. You will also store queries as bookmarks for their quick retrieval. Towards the end of the book you will learn to document your database, track changes made to the database, and manage user accounts using phpMyAdmin server management features.
This book is an upgrade from the previous version that covered phpMyAdmin version 3.3. Version 3.4.x introduced features such as a user preferences module, relation schema export to multiple formats, an ENUM/SET column editor, a simplified interface for export and import, AJAX interface on some pages, charts generation, and a visual query builder.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Getting Started with phpMyAdmin, gives us the reasons why we should use phpMyAdmin as a means of managing MySQL databases. It then covers the downloading and installation procedures for phpMyAdmin. Installing the phpMyAdmin configuration storage is covered as well.
Chapter 2, Configuring Authentication and Security, provides an overview of various authentication types used in phpMyAdmin. It then covers the security issues related to phpMyAdmin.
Chapter 3, Over Viewing the Interface, gives us an overview of the phpMyAdmin interface. It includes the login panel, the navigation and main panels with the Light and the Full mode, and the Query window. The new user preferences module is examined in this chapter.
Chapter 4, Creating and Browsing Tables, is all about database creation. It teaches us how to create a table, how to insert data manually, and how to sort the data. It also covers how to produce charts from data.
Chapter 5, Changing Data and Structure, covers the aspects of data editing in phpMyAdmin. It teaches us handling NULL values, multi-row editing, and data deletion. Finally it explores the subject of changing the structure of tables, with focus on editing column attributes (including the new ENUM/SET editor) and index management.
Chapter 6, Exporting Structure and Data (Backup), deals with backups and exports. It lists various ways to trigger an export, available export formats, the options associated with export formats, and the various places where the export files may be sent.
Chapter 7, Importing Structure and Data, tells us how to bring back exported data created for backup and transfer purposes. It covers the various options available in phpMyAdmin to import data, and different mechanisms involved in importing SQL files, CSV files, and other formats. Finally, it covers the limitations that may be faced while importing files, and the ways to overcome them.
Chapter 8, Searching Data, presents the mechanisms that are useful for searching data effectively, per table or inside an entire database.
Chapter 9, Performing Table and Database Operations, covers ways to perform some operations that influence and can be applied on entire tables or databases as a whole. Finally, it deals with table maintenance operations for table repair and optimization.
Chapter 10, Benefiting from the Relational System, is where we start covering advanced features of phpMyAdmin. The chapter explains how to define inter-table relations and how these relations can help us while browsing tables, entering data, or searching for it.
Chapter 11, Entering SQL Statements, helps us enter our own SQL commands. The chapter also covers the Query window—the window used to edit an SQL query. Finally, it also helps us to obtain the history of typed commands.
Chapter 12, Generating Multi-table Queries, covers the multi-table query generator, which allows us to produces these queries without actually typing them. The visual query builder is covered as well.
Chapter 13, Synchronizing Data and Supporting Replication, teaches us how to synchronize databases on the same server or from one server to another. It then covers how to manage MySQL replication.
Chapter 14, Using Query Bookmarks, covers one of the features of the phpMyAdmin configuration storage. It shows how to record bookmarks and how to manipulate them. Finally, it covers passing parameters to bookmarks.
Chapter 15, Documenting the System, gives an overview of how to produce documentation which explains the structure of the databases, using the tools offered by phpMyAdmin.
Chapter 16, Transforming Data Using MIME, explains how to apply transformations to the data in order to customize its format at view time.
Chapter 17, Supporting Features Added in MySQL 5, covers phpMyAdmin's support for the MySQL features that are new in MySQL 5.0 and 5.1, such as views, stored procedures, and triggers.
Chapter 18, Tracking Changes, teaches us how to record structure and data changes done from the phpMyAdmin interface.
Chapter 19, Administrating the MySQL Server, is about the administration of a MySQL server, focusing on user accounts and privileges. The chapter discusses how a system administrator can use phpMyAdmin's server management features for day-to-day user account maintenance, server verification, and server protection.
Appendix, Troubleshooting and Support, explains how to troubleshoot phpMyAdmin by performing simple verifications. It also explains how to interact with the development team for support, bug reports, and contributions.
What you need for this book
You need to have access to a server or workstation that has the following installed:
Who this book is for
If you are a developer, system administrator, or web designer who wants to manage MySQL databases and tables efficiently, then this book is for you. This book assumes that you are already well-acquainted with MySQL basics. This book is a must read for every serious phpMyAdmin user who would like to use this outstanding application to its full power.
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Chapter 1. Getting Started with phpMyAdmin
I wish you a warm welcome to this book! The goal of this first chapter is to:
PHP and MySQL: The leading open source duo
When we look at the web applications platforms currently offered by host providers, we will see that the most prevalent is the PHP/MySQL combination.
Well supported by their respective home sites— http://www.php.net, and http://www.mysql.com —this duo has enabled developers to build a lot of ready-made open source web applications, and most importantly, enabled in-house developers to quickly put in place solid web solutions.
MySQL, which is mostly compliant with the SQL:2003 standard, is a database system well known for its speed, robustness, and a small connection overhead. This is important in a web context where pages must be served as quickly as possible.
PHP, usually installed as a module inside the web server, is a popular scripting language in which applications are written to communicate with MySQL (or other database systems) on the back end and browsers on the front end. Ironically, the acronym's significance has evolved along with the web evolution, from Personal Home Page to Professional Home Page to its current recursive definition— PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. A blog posting about the successive name changes is available at http://blog.roshambo.org/how-the-php-acronym-was-reborn. PHP is available on millions of web domains and powers famous sites such as Facebook, Yahoo!, YouTube, and Wikipedia.
What is phpMyAdmin?
phpMyAdmin (official home page at http://www.phpmyadmin.net) is a web application written in PHP; it contains (like most web applications) XHTML, CSS, and JavaScript client code. This application provides a complete web interface for administering MySQL databases, and is widely recognized as the leading application in this field.
Being open source since its birth, it has enjoyed support from numerous developers and translators worldwide (being translated into 65 languages at the time of writing this book). The project is currently hosted at SourceForge.net and developed using their facilities by the phpMyAdmin team.
Host providers everywhere are showing their trust in phpMyAdmin by installing it on their servers. The popular cPanel (a website control application) contains phpMyAdmin. In addition, we can install our own copy of phpMyAdmin on our web server as long as our provider's server satisfies with the minimum requirements (refer to the System requirements section later in this chapter).
The goal of phpMyAdmin is to offer a complete web-based management of MySQL servers and data, and to keep up with MySQL and web standards evolution. While the product is always evolving, it supports all standard operations along with extra features.
The development team constantly fine-tunes the product based on the reported bugs and requested features, releasing new versions regularly.
phpMyAdmin offers features that cover basic MySQL database and table operations. It also has an internal system that maintains metadata to support advanced features. Finally, system administrators can manage users and privileges from phpMyAdmin. It is important to note that phpMyAdmin's choice of available operations depends on the rights the user has on a specific MySQL server.
Project documentation
Further information about phpMyAdmin is available on the home site's documentation page, located at http://www.phpmyadmin.net/home_page/docs.php. Moreover, the development team, helped by the community, maintains a wiki at http://wiki.phpmyadmin.net.
Installing phpMyAdmin
It's time to install the product and to configure it minimally for first-time use.
Our reason for installing phpMyAdmin could be one of the following:
Note that we can dispense with the phpMyAdmin installation step, if we choose instead to install one of the AMP products that usually include phpMyAdmin as part of their offering. Further details are available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMP_packages.
Required information
Some host providers offer an integrated web panel where we can manage accounts, including MySQL accounts, and also a file manager that can be used to upload web content. Depending on this, the mechanism we use to transfer phpMyAdmin source files to our web space may vary. We will need some of the following specific information before starting the installation:
System requirements
The up-to-date requirements for a specific phpMyAdmin version are always stated in the accompanying Documentation.html. For phpMyAdmin 3.4, the minimum PHP version required is PHP 5.2 with session support, the Standard PHP Library (SPL) and JSON support. Moreover, the web server must have access to a MySQL server (version 5.0 or later)—either locally or on a remote machine. It is strongly recommended that the PHP mcrypt extension be present for improved performance in cookie-authentication mode (more on this in Chapter 2). In fact, on a 64-bit server, this extension is required.
On the browser side, cookie support must be activated, irrespective of any authentication mode we use.
Downloading the files
There are various files available in the Download section of http://www.phpmyadmin.net. There might be more than one version offered here and it is always a good idea to download the latest stable version. We only need to download one file, which works regardless of the platform (browser, web server, MySQL, or PHP version). For version 3.4, there are two groups of files—english and all-languages. If we need only the English interface, we can download a file whose name contains english, for example, phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-english.zip. On the other hand, if we have the need for at least one other language, choosing all-languages would be appropriate.
If we are using a server supporting only PHP 4—for which the PHP team has discontinued support since 31st December, 2007—the latest stable version of phpMyAdmin is not a good choice for download. We can use version 2.11.x, which is the latest branch that supports PHP 4, although the phpMyAdmin team has discontinued supporting this version too.
The files offered have various extensions: .zip, .tar.bz2, .tar.gz, .tar.xz, and .7z. Download a file having an extension for which you have the corresponding extractor. In the Windows world, .zip is the most universal file format, although it is bigger than .gz or .bz2 (common in the Linux/Unix world). The .7z extension denotes a 7-Zip file, which is a format that achieves a higher compression ratio than the other formats offered; an extractor is available at http://www.7-zip.org. In the following examples, we will assume that the chosen file was phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-all-languages.zip.
After clicking on the appropriate file, the nearest mirror site is chosen by SourceForge.net. The file will start to download, and we can save it on our computer.
Installing on different platforms
The next step depends on the platform you are using. The following sections detail the procedures for some common platforms. You may proceed directly to the relevant section.
Installing on a remote server using a Windows client
Using the Windows Explorer, we double-click on the phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-all-languages.zip file we just downloaded on the Windows client. A file extractor should start, showing us all the scripts and directories inside the main phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-all-languages directory.
Use whichever mechanism your file extractor offers to save all the files, including sub-directories, to some location on your workstation. Here, we have chosen C:\. Therefore, a C:\phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-all-languages directory has been created by the extractor.
Now, it's time to transfer the entire directory structure C:\phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-all-languages to the web server in our web space. We use our favorite SFTP or FTP software or the web control panel for the transfer.
The exact directory under which we transfer phpMyAdmin may vary. It could be our public_html directory or another directory where we usually transfer web documents to. For further instructions about the exact directory to be used or the best way to transfer the directory structure, we can consult our host provider's help desk.
After the transfer is complete, these files can be removed from our Windows machine as they are no longer needed.
Installing on a local Linux server
Let us say we chose phpMyAdmin-3.4.5-all-languages.tar.gz and downloaded it directly to some directory on the Linux server. We move it to our web server's document root directory (for example, /var/www/html) or to one of its sub-directories (for example, /var/www/html/utilities). We then extract it with the following shell command or by using any graphical file extractor that our window manager offers:
We must ensure that the permissions and ownership of the directory and files are appropriate for our web server. The web server user or group must be able to read them.
Installing on a local Windows server (Apache, IIS)
The procedure here is similar to that described in the Installation on a remote server using a Windows client section, except that the target directory will be under our DocumentRoot (for Apache) or our wwwroot (for IIS). Of course, we do not need to transfer anything after modifications are made to config.inc.php (described in the next section), as the directory is already on the web space.
Apache is usually run as a service. Hence, we have to ensure that the user under which the service is running has normal read privileges to access our newly created directory. The same principle applies to IIS, which uses the IUSR_machinename user. This user must have read access to the directory. You can adjust permissions in the Security/permissions tab of the directory's properties.
