MAT For Dummies E-Book

Vince Kotchian

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Bildung
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 411

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Score your highest on the MAT? Easy. The MAT exam is one of the hardest intellectual challenges in the field of standardized testing. Students preparing to take this exam need a chance to practice the analogy skills necessary to score well on this test, which MAT For Dummies provides with its six full-length practice tests and plethora of other test preparation suggestions. MAT For Dummies includes test-specific analogy strategies, practice and review for each content area, word/terms lists covering the major subject categories, and six practice tests with detailed answer banks. * Goes beyond content knowledge and teaches you the test-taking skills you need to maximize your score * Includes six full-length practice tests with complete answer explanations * Helps you score high on MAT exam day If you're a potential graduate student preparing for the MAT, this hands-on, friendly guide helps you score higher.

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MAT® For Dummies®

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2013932107

ISBN 978-1-118-49675-6 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-59192-5 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-59203-8 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-59194-9 (ebk)

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About the Authors

Vince Kotchian is a full-time test-prep tutor, writer, and admissions consultant who has helped hundreds of students get into the schools of their choice. Originally from Connecticut, Vince graduated from Boston College and now lives in San Diego. In addition to his in-person tutoring, Vince works online with students both throughout the United States and internationally. In his free time, Vince enjoys playing and watching sports, reading and writing fiction, and running (which is enjoyable at least some of the time).

Edwin Kotchian is an MAT tutor and freelance writer who has contributed to a variety of test-prep material. He is also a professional musician and composer.

Dedication

Vince would like to dedicate this book to Julie Melisse.

Authors’ Acknowledgments

We would first like to thank Margot Hutchison, our agent, for bringing us this opportunity. We’d also like to thank Tracy Boggier for helping the project get off the ground; Tracy Brown, our project editor, for her organizational guidance; Krista Hansing for her skillful copyediting; and our technical editors, Lisa Tolliver and Jake Fox-Rabinovitz, for their invaluable feedback about the book’s content.

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

We're proud of this book; please send us your comments at http://dummies.custhelp.com. For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax [phone].

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MAT® For Dummies®

Visit www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/mat to view this book's cheat sheet.

Table of Contents

Introduction

About This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

Foolish Assumptions

How This Book Is Organized

Part I: Introducing the MAT: Learning about Analogies, Planning, and Test-Taking

Part II: Conquering the Content: Reviewing Vocabulary, Knowledge, and Culture

Part III: MAT Practice Exams

Part IV: The Part of Tens

Part V: The Appendixes

Icons Used in This Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I: Introducing the MAT: Learning about Analogies, Planning, and Test-Taking

Chapter 1: All About the MAT

What Is the MAT?

What the exam looks like

Cultural literacy

Practice makes perfect

Who invented the MAT, anyway?

What does the MAT measure?

The MAT vs. the GRE

Registering for the MAT

Paper vs. computer

Score reporting

Accommodations

How the MAT Is Scored

The After(MAT)h

Chapter 2: Analogies from A to Z

Analogical Thinking 101

Why analogical thinking is valued

Analogical thinking in an academic environment

Analogical thinking in the workplace

Getting Familiar with MAT Analogy Relationship Categories

Description analogies

Type analogies

Parts analogies

Similar/different analogies

Playful analogies

Chapter 3: Types of Analogies and How to Solve Them

Understanding 1:2,3:4 Analogies

Looking at 1:3,2:4 Analogies

Seeing Why 1:4,2:3 Analogies Don’t Exist

Identifying Analogy Structure

Planning Your Attack: Choosing Your Analogy-Cracking Strategy

Identifying the structural type

Building sentences

Checking the choices

Practicing your analogy skills

Dealing with Tough Questions

Skipping tough questions

Noticing difficulty level

Solving the question when you don’t know one or more words

Applying the process of elimination

Working backward

Considering parts of speech

Keeping in mind alternate meanings

Making educated guesses

Avoiding analogy traps

Putting it all together

Chapter 4: Creating a Smart MAT Preparation Plan

Creating Your MAT Study Plan

Knowing where you currently stand

Following through with your plan

Setting a goal

Lights, Camera, Action: Setting Your Plan in Motion

Setting a deadline and mapping a schedule

Making sure you have the right study materials

Maximizing your motivation

Avoiding procrastination

Keeping in mind quality vs. quantity

Timing your practice work

Duplicating the test environment

Taking several practice tests

Knowing when you’re ready to register

Racing the Clock: Tackling MAT Timing

Timing each question

Developing smart pacing

Recovering when you’ve fallen behind

Dealing with Test Anxiety

Controlling anxiety

Maintaining focus

Preparing your body and mind

Part II: Conquering the Content: Reviewing Vocabulary, Knowledge, and Culture

Chapter 5: Working with Words and Language

Looking at Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes

Getting back to your (word) roots

Identifying prefixes

Recognizing suffixes

Improving Your Vocabulary

Learning Vocabulary Using Mnemonics

Looking at examples of mnemonics

Making your own mnemonics

Recognizing Words of a Specific Type

Knowing your –ologies

Identifying collective nouns

Distinguishing commonly confused words

Addressing Foreign Words and Alphabets

Practicing Words and Language Analogies

Answers

Chapter 6: Handling the Humanities

Brushing Up on Art

Terms

Artists and works

Museums

Building Your Architecture Knowledge

Terms

Architects

Works

Naming That Tune: Music

Terms

Composers and musicians

Works

Reading Up on Literature

Terms

Authors

Thinking Deep Thoughts: Philosophy

Terms

Philosophers

Works

Pondering Religion/Mythology

Terms

Religions

Greek/Roman gods

Other gods

Religious figures

Locations

Festivals/holidays

Writings

Places of worship

Humanities Analogy Practice

Answers

Chapter 7: Studying the Social Sciences

The Lay of the Land: Getting to Know Geography

Geographical terms

Past Is Prelude: Honing Your History Knowledge

Historical terms

Historical figures

Historical events

Making Cents of Dollars: Explaining Economics

Economics terms

Economics figures

Politically Correct: Polishing Your Political Science

Political Science terms

Political Science figures

Freudian Slips: Practicing Psychology

Psychology terms

Psychology figures

Sharp Social Skills: Sifting through Sociology

Sociology terms

Sociology figures

Be a People Person: Analyzing Anthropology

Anthropology terms

Anthropology figures

Social Science Analogy Practice

Answers

Chapter 8: Studying Science and Math

Birds and Bees: Biology

Terms

Figures

Beyond Bunsen Burners: Chemistry

Terms

Figures

Getting Physical: Physics

Terms

Figures

And Now: Other Sciences

Terms

Figures

Staying Classy: Classification

Animals

It’s Elementary: The Periodic Table

Learning about Measurement

Mastering Mathematics

Roman numerals

Arithmetic

Algebra

Geometry

Science/Math Analogy Practice

Answers

Part III: MAT Practice Exams

Chapter 9: MAT Practice Test #1

Chapter 10: Answers to MAT Practice Test #1

Chapter 11: MAT Practice Test #2

Chapter 12: Answers to MAT Practice Test #2

Chapter 13: MAT Practice Test #3

Chapter 14: Answers to MAT Practice Test #3

Chapter 15: MAT Practice Test #4

Chapter 16: Answers to MAT Practice Test #4

Chapter 17: MAT Practice Test #5

Chapter 18: Answers to MAT Practice Test #5

Chapter 19: MAT Practice Test #6

Chapter 20: Answers to MAT Practice Test #6

Part IV: Part of Tens

Chapter 21: Ten Tried-and-True Test Tips

Exercise Your Body, Not Just Your Brain

Be Sure You Get Enough Sleep

Get Organized the Night Before

Be Well Fed

On Test Day, Don’t Study

Warm Up

Arrive Early

Review How Many Questions You Can Skip

Write It Down

Don’t Rush or Second Guess

Chapter 22: Ten Ways to Fight off Test-Related Anxiety

Breathe

Take a Break

Stretch

Move Your Pencil

Slow Down

Skip a Weakness

Get Perspective

Be Goofy

Feel What You’re Feeling

Use Positive Self-Talk

Part V: The Appendixes

Appendix A: Graduate Level Vocabulary

The mnemonics

Appendix B: Making the MAT Work for You

Cheat Sheet

End User License Agreement

Introduction

Whether you’re taking the MAT for graduate school admission, a job, or some other reason, you’re probably at least somewhat concerned about the test. Something about standardized tests just seems to intimidate many people. And as I’m sure you know, your score will probably matter quite a bit. Or maybe you’re so used to taking tests in school that the thought of facing the MAT doesn’t faze you, but you figure you may as well read up on it. But no matter what your initial attitude, it’s good to take a closer look at what you’re up against.

The MAT is probably unlike any test you’ve ever taken. For starters, it has just one type of question on it: the analogy. You may remember analogies from other standardized tests — they’re questions posed in this form:

Banana is to fruit as carrot is to __________.

You then have to select an answer from four choices, only one of which creates a clear, logical relationship between the terms in the analogy. The right answer to this analogy is vegetable: A banana is a type of fruit, just as a carrot is a type of vegetable.

The other unusual characteristic of the MAT is that, unlike most standardized tests, it covers a whole bunch of different topics, ranging from general knowledge to math, to literature, to science. Since it tests your knowledge of so many different areas, the test is extremely difficult to completely master. After all, you’re not Wikipedia. Fortunately, you can intelligently prepare for the content the MAT covers by learning the most common terms, people, and concepts in categories such as history, art, and music.

Why is the MAT so weird? Well, studies have consistently shown that if someone can reason the relationships between things, they probably can make connections easily, solve problems, and see patterns — skills that come in handy in most jobs and fields of study. Schools and employers that use the MAT want some evidence that you have the ability to think, and a good score on the MAT is one indication that you do. People with knowledge of lots of different areas may also be intellectually curious, another desirable trait.

As with most tests, the MAT has a time limit: You have just 60 minutes to answer 120 questions. Even if you’re a whiz with analogies, you’re going to want to employ some intelligent strategies to earn as many points as you can in that hour. Well, the book you’re looking at right now is designed to help you do just that.

About This Book

Before you take the MAT, it’s a good idea to become as familiar as possible with the test: its format, what it’s used for, what it covers, and what tips and tricks you can use to do well on it. In this book, you learn about the MAT, meet analogies and discover how to solve them, master some smart test-taking techniques, tackle the different content areas tested, and take some practice tests. The goal, of course, is to help you get the highest score you possibly can, to improve your chances of being accepted into school or getting the job you want. I recommend that you proceed through the book in the order it is organized, but feel free to skip around, if that works better for you. I also recommend that you take some practice tests before you take the real MAT, no matter which preparation roadmap you decide to follow.

Conventions Used in This Book

To help you make your way through this book, I’ve used the following conventions:

I use italics to introduce new terms.

Boldface shows you the action step in a list of steps or highlights an important point.

Monofont indicates an Internet address. If the address is long, it might wrap to the next line in your book, but I don’t include extra dashes or type if it starts a new line. In other words, just type the web address as you see it in the book, and it will send you to the right place.

From time to time, you’re going to see sidebars, or blocks of text in shaded gray boxes. This extra info isn’t crucial, but it’s usually additional information or stories that can help you make more sense of something. You can always skip these sidebars if you’re short on time, but read them if you can.

Foolish Assumptions

As I wrote this book, I made a few important assumptions about you:

You’re motivated to do well on the MAT, but you’re not overwhelmingly pumped up to take the test. That’s normal.

You have a busy schedule, and adding MAT preparation into your life isn’t exactly what you want to be doing with your precious free time. The good news is that I only include things in this book that I think you need to know, since I don’t want to waste any of your time.

You have some knowledge of some of the content areas (literature, math, science, history, and so on) that the MAT covers. My goal isn’t to teach you every possible fact about those areas, but rather to give you the most important facts.

You’re not a dummy. In fact, I’m assuming that you’re a successful, smart person who wants to continue your success. After all, that’s probably why you’re reading this book.

How This Book Is Organized

I took a lot of care and time in deciding how to organize this book because I want to make sure it works for you. It’s set up in a way that I hope will let you find what you’re looking for quickly and easily, without distracting you with irrelevant or repetitive information. Here’s what you’ll find in this book:

Part I: Introducing the MAT: Learning about Analogies, Planning, and Test-Taking

In this part, you learn about general issues concerning the MAT. You get general information about the MAT, including how to register for it, analogy content and structure, and analogy-solving methods and analogy categories. You’ll also find planning advice, study strategies, and time-management tactics. This part gives you a solid foundation for the rest of your MAT preparation.

Part II: Conquering the Content: Reviewing Vocabulary, Knowledge, and Culture

In this part, you learn about the content the MAT covers. Chapters cover words and language, the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences and math. You’ll learn the most important concepts in the areas tested. Each entry includes a brief definition designed to give you the most relevant information about it, and each chapter ends with analogies so you can practice the content.

Part III: MAT Practice Exams

This part contains six full-length MAT practice exams, along with answer keys and answer explanations. Here’s where you’ll be able to realistically practice on questions that are based on real MAT questions. Each exam has the same number of questions as a real MAT exam and has a similar level and progression of difficulty.

Part IV: The Part of Tens

Every For Dummies book includes a Part of Tens. In this part, you get lists of handy tips to keep in mind during test day, along with some ways to reduce test anxiety.

Part V: The Appendixes

This part contains tips and tricks for conquering graduate level vocabulary and making the MAT work for you.

Icons Used in This Book

Throughout the book, we include icons in the margin that call your attention to really important content. If you notice an icon, check it out — it’s worth your time!

Tip: This icon points out information to keep in mind about a certain topic. It may highlight a test-taking strategy, so read closely when you see a paragraph accompanied by this icon.

Warning: The MAT definitely has its traps in both strategy and content. I use Warning icons to alert you to mistakes many students make when preparing for the MAT, answering questions, or even managing time limits.

Remember: Everything in the book is important, but some content is extra important. I put this icon next to content you’ll really want to remember for the test. Remember icons also accompany test-taking strategies that you’ll want to know for the day of the test.

Example: When you notice this icon, it’s an indication that you’ll be practicing a particular area with a question. Each example question has a corresponding explanation and information on how to best solve questions like it.

Where to Go from Here

Just like every For Dummies book, you don’t have to go through this book in order from beginning to end, and you don’t even have to read every page. Instead, feel free to skip around as you see fit, spending more time on areas you need the most help with. For example, if you’re great at math but weak in the humanities, spend more time analyzing and working on humanities analogies, and perhaps less time poring over the math ones. If you’ve already spent lots of time learning content, you may just go straight to the analogy-solving section or to the practice exams. You also don’t need to take all six of the practice exams, but more practice certainly can’t hurt — and will probably help.

Part I

Introducing the MAT: Learning about Analogies, Planning, and Test-Taking

Get more tips on cracking analogy questions at www.dummies.com/extras/mat.

In this part . . .

  Get acquainted with the MAT exam and who created it, what topics it covers, and what skills and competencies it measures.

  See how the MAT compares with the GRE and discover compelling reasons why the MAT may be a better choice for you and for the program to which you’re applying.

  Familiarize yourself with analogical thinking and understand what your analogy-solving performance can reveal to admissions boards about how you process information and think.

  Understand how relationships between words are formulated and get to know the five relationship categories covered on the MAT.

  Look at various approaches to cracking analogies, such as knowing and identifying analogy structures, building short sentences to express relationships between words, and when it’s best to skip a really tough one.

  Develop a test-preparation plan that fits your schedule, test-taking style, and anxiety level.

Chapter 1

All About the MAT

In This Chapter

Exploring the MAT

Finding out how to sign up for the MAT

Looking at how the MAT is scored

If you’re thinking about going to graduate school, you’ve probably realized by now that schools don’t let you in based on your good looks and charm. Most programs require a standardized test score so the admissions committee can see how you compare to other applicants. If you’re reading this book, the program you’re interested in probably accepts a MAT score for that very purpose.

Or you may be studying for the MAT because your employer, or prospective employer, wants to see how well you can do on it. You may be applying for financial aid that requires a MAT score. You may even be trying to get into Mensa or another high-IQ club that accepts a high MAT score as a criterion for admission. Whatever your reason for taking the MAT, it’s a good idea to learn as much as you can about the test and prepare for it intelligently before taking it.

What Is the MAT?

MAT stands for Miller Analogies Test. Its format is simple. You have 60 minutes to answer 120 questions, all of which are analogies. In each question, part of the analogy is missing. Your job is to pick the correct choice out of four possibilities to complete the analogy. Sounds simple, right? Well, it’s a bit more complicated than that. Much like Trivial Pursuit, the MAT tests your knowledge of a wide variety of subjects, ranging from astronomy to math, to vocabulary, to zoology — and everything in between.

When you realize just how many subjects the MAT potentially covers, you may be a little discouraged — after all, you’re not a walking Wikipedia, nor are you Alex Trebek or the host of any other brainiac TV trivia program (at least, probably not). But don’t worry — the MAT doesn’t require you to know everything about the subjects it covers. If you have some time to prepare, you can significantly increase your knowledge of the subjects you’re less familiar with. And you’ll be able to learn how to intelligently attack analogy questions.

If you’re reading this book, you’re off to a great start in preparing to take the MAT. Another good reference for the MAT is the test publisher’s website, milleranalogies.com, which has current information about the test. The site has a Candidate Information Booklet that contains much of the info you’ll need. Browse as much of the site as you can: As G. I. Joe said, knowing is half the battle. Perhaps most important, the site has a link for purchasing three full-length computer-based MAT practice tests. These tests can (and should) become part of your preparation plan.

What the exam looks like

As I mentioned, the MAT has 120 questions, all of which are analogies. For the purposes of the MAT, an analogy is a relationship between two pairs of terms. For example:

Big is to small as fast is to slow.

The relationship between the terms big and small is similar to the relationship between the terms fast and slow — they’re both opposites. Several types of relationships between analogy terms show up on the MAT. We discuss some of the more common types in Chapter 2.

If, like most people, you’re taking the MAT on a computer, you’ll see only one question at a time. Each question looks like the following example:

FISH : SCALES :: BEAR : _________________

(A) feathers

(B) fur

(C) spines

(D) wool

This analogy includes four terms: FISH, SCALES, BEAR, and then one of the multiple choices (a. feathers, b. fur, c. spines, d. wool).

The part of the question enclosed in parentheses (a. feathers, b. fur, c. spines, d. wool) can appear as any of the four terms. For example, the question can be rewritten as follows:

_________________ : BEAR :: SCALES : FISH

(A) feathers

(B) fur

(C) spines

(D) wool

Your job is to pick the choice that makes the first and second terms have the same relationship to the third and fourth terms, or to make the first and third terms have the same relationship as the second and fourth terms. If you pick Choice B, fur, as the missing term, then a logical analogy is formed:

A fish is covered with scales, like a bear is covered with fur.

As the MAT progresses, the questions get harder and the topics vary, but you can be sure that analogies will be the only question type you’ll encounter.

Cultural literacy

The MAT does more than test your ability to solve analogies. It also tests you on your general knowledge of a variety of topics, similar to the GRE or other standardized test but in a different question format. So preparing for the MAT also means brushing up on your knowledge in the following areas, to name just a few:

Anthropology

Art

Biology

Chemistry

History

Math

Music

Philosophy

Vocabulary

When you realize just how many subjects the MAT can cover, it can seem like you may have to take every course in a college catalog or watch the last 20 years of Jeopardy! Of course, you probably can’t do either of those things. What you can do is study the lists of terms we’ve included in this book. If you aren’t that knowledgeable about a certain subject, learning some important concepts, terms, and figures can mean getting a few more questions right on the real test. Don’t stress out — you don’t need to learn everything to do well on the MAT. Learn as much as you can in the time you have, and it will make a difference in your score.

Practice makes perfect

Getting a perfect score on the MAT is nearly impossible because of the breadth of the subjects it covers, but in general, the more you practice, the better you’ll do. In addition to learning as much as you can about the test’s content, we recommend you take every practice test in this book. Also, it’s worth purchasing the three practice tests that the MAT’s publishers make available. You can buy a year’s worth of access to each official practice test on milleranalogies.com. Even though access to each test costs $30 at the time of this book’s publication, it’s worthwhile since those tests are the closest you can get to the actual MAT exam you’ll be faced with on your test date.

Make sure that, no matter how you practice, you come up with a workable, memorable method of approaching analogy questions. In Chapter 3, we outline a step-by-step method designed to maximize your score and help you tackle even tough questions.

Who invented the MAT, anyway?

The MAT is brought to you by the good folks at Pearson Education, Inc. It’s been around for more than 60 years as a test of reasoning ability. Analogies have been a part of standardized tests for even longer than that.

What does the MAT measure?

The MAT is marketed as a measure of two main things: your cultural literacy and your reasoning ability. In other words, it claims to measure how much you know about subjects like art, history, science, and math, as well as your ability to make connections between concepts from those subjects. It’s also marketed as a good predictor of how you’ll do in graduate school.

The MAT’s way of measuring your ability is to see how many questions you answer correctly on the test and then compare you to other test takers — in particular, by comparing you to people with your intended major. This data gives graduate programs, or an employer, concrete data with which to help with decisions.

Keep in mind that the MAT isn’t an IQ test, nor is it a predictor of your future success. It’s certainly true that some people who do well in graduate school scored poorly on the MAT, and some people who fare poorly in graduate school aced the MAT. At the end of the day, your MAT score is an important part of your graduate school application — but it’s not the only part.

The MAT vs. the GRE

The graduate program you’re interested in may accept a GRE score instead of a MAT score. The GRE test is much different from the MAT. Here’s a comparison of the two exams’ major differences.

MAT

GRE

60 minutes long

About 4 hours long

1 question type: analogies

2 types of vocabulary questions, several reading comprehension question types, and several types of math questions

Tests cultural knowledge

Doesn’t test cultural knowledge

No essays

2 types of essays

If you have a strong vocabulary, you’re a skilled reader and writer, and/or you’re good at tricky math questions, you may do better on the GRE. On the other hand, if you have a solid foundation of cultural knowledge and you’re not excited about doing a lot of math or writing essays, the MAT may be better for you. Another factor that may be important is cost: Taking the GRE is about twice as expensive as taking the MAT. And, don’t forget about how long it takes to complete each test. The MAT is a lightweight at one hour, and the GRE tips the scales at more than four hours.

Ultimately, you can take a computer practice test of each and see both which test feels more comfortable and how your scores stack up. You can purchase three official MAT computer tests on www.MillerAnalogies.com. You can download two real computer GRE tests from ets.org, the GRE publisher's website. (As of this book's publication date, the downloadable GRE tests are PC compatible only. Sorry, Mac users.)

Registering for the MAT

When you’ve made up your mind to take the MAT, you need to find a place to actually take the test. More than 600 CTCs, or Controlled Testing Centers, administer the MAT throughout the U.S. and Canada, and even overseas. Go to milleranalogies.com to find a link (called something like “Find a MAT Testing Center”) that provides a list of testing centers by location. If you live more than 100 miles from the nearest center, you can request an alternate site (if you pay an additional fee).

Each one of these Controlled Testing Centers makes up its own schedule for administering the MAT — and has its own fee. As of the publication date of this book, fees average around $90.

Before you sign up for a certain test date, ask the center how long, on average, it takes schools to receive a test-taker’s official score report. Then find out your desired graduate school program’s admission deadlines so that you can make sure you allow enough time for the official results to be sent to the school. The center where you sign up can tell you more about the dates the MAT is offered, how to register, and what’s required when you get to the center. But in general, you have to provide a government-issued photo ID and a supplemental form of identification on test day.

Find out whether you’re allowed to bring a watch (highly recommended) and whether you have to supply your own pencils if you’re taking the paper version of the MAT.

Paper vs. computer

Each testing center determines whether to offer a computer-based MAT or a pencil-and-paper MAT. The questions on each test are the same — the only difference is the kind of test administration you prefer. Each version allows the test taker to skip back and forth between questions. If you like using computers, you’ll probably prefer the computer-based version — especially because you won’t have to erase any changed answers. A downside to a computer-based test may be that it takes longer to skip between questions, since you have to click with your mouse each time (as opposed to just looking at the question you’d like to skip to on a paper test).

Score reporting

When you take the MAT, you have the opportunity to send your score to as many as three schools — for free. If you want score reports sent later, each report costs about $25. In addition to seeing your most recent MAT score, these schools will see every one of your MAT scores within the past five years. If you have a score that’s more than five years old, that one isn’t reported to schools. The personal score report you receive in the mail isn’t an official transcript; schools receive an official transcript of your scores directly from the test publisher.

Accommodations

Most testing centers can offer special accommodations: Braille, audio editions, and so on. Be sure to notify the testing center that you need a certain accommodation several weeks before your test date, and fill out the necessary paperwork from milleranalogies.com.

How the MAT Is Scored

Although the MAT has 120 questions, only 100 of them count. The MAT’s publisher uses the other 20 questions for future exams. Since the difficulty level of the MAT’s questions increases as the test progresses, the publisher needs to know where to put the difficult questions and where to put the easy ones. Seeing how many people get each experimental question right helps. If most people get a certain experimental question right, that question will appear closer to the beginning of a future MAT. If most people got the question wrong, it will appear closer to the end of a future exam.

The MAT’s publisher uses this method so that a MAT given this year has a similar difficulty level to a MAT given last year. It’s also a more accurate way of determining which questions are truly hard and which are easy, instead of just having a committee of people vote on each question’s difficulty level. So just think, you’re helping pave the way for future MAT test takers. Doesn’t that make you feel warm and fuzzy? Also keep in mind that you won’t know which questions are experimental, so answer them all as if they’re real.

One of the most important points to remember about the MAT is that questions left blank are automatically counted as wrong. Unlike some standardized tests, there’s no penalty for guessing. Make extra sure you at least answer every question, even if it’s a random guess because you’re running out of time. It’s all too easy to get wrapped up in a question as time is running out and then forget to answer a few questions. Don’t let this happen to you! Always save a couple minutes at the end of the test so that you have time to answer every question, even if you have to guess randomly on some of them. Also remember that later questions aren’t worth more; every correct answer improves your score by the same amount.

If you really think you failed the MAT after taking it, or if something goes horribly, tragically wrong for you that day, you can exercise what is known as the “no-score” option. This cancels your score — no one will even find out that you took the test. However, you won’t get your money back and you won’t be able to find out how you did on the test. So use this option only as a last resort.

The After(MAT)h

If you’re taking a computer-based MAT, you’ll receive a preliminary score right on the screen after you complete the exam. You’ll receive your official MAT score in the mail about two weeks after you take the exam. This report will show you the following:

Your scaled score, which ranges from 200 to 600 (400 is average)

Your percentile rank for your desired major

Your percentile rank among all test takers

The codes for the schools your scores will be sent to

Note that schools that receive your MAT score will also receive all your MAT scores within the last five years. Schools usually consider your highest score, but the fact that they’ll see all your scores may motivate you to postpone the test until you’re fully confident.

You’ll also receive a “Re-Test Admission Ticket” along with your score report, and you’ll need to bring the ticket if you want to retake the test. This ticket allows the testing center to make sure they don’t give you the exact same MAT you took previously (wouldn’t that be nice?) if you decide that your first attempt wasn’t good enough. Be warned: If you retake the test but don’t bring your ticket, your new score will be cancelled.

Remember, if you are taking the MAT for graduate school admission, that it is just one factor graduate schools consider when deciding whether to offer you a place in a program. However, we won’t pretend that it’s not an important factor. Don’t let preparing for the MAT consume your life, but don’t underestimate it, either. Intelligent preparation will make you comfortable with the test’s format, build your analogy-solving skills, and help you improve the skills you need to get an impressive score.

Chapter 2

Analogies from A to Z

In This Chapter

Getting familiar with analogical thinking

Looking at MAT analogy categories

One of the nice things about the MAT (if you can call a standardized test nice) is that, even though you’re facing 120 questions, you have to prepare for only one question type: the analogy. Solving analogies tests your critical thinking skills and vocabulary skills, as well as your understanding of the relationships between analogy terms.

This chapter gives you an overview on analogies and analogical thinking, helps you determine whether the MAT is right for you, and introduces the major MAT analogy relationshipcategories.

Analogical Thinking 101

People use analogies all the time in everyday speech. Analogies convey meaning by drawing comparisons. For example, you may say, “Trying to change my boss’s mind is like banging my head against a brick wall.” Banging your head against a wall is painful and futile, which illustrates how you feel about trying to change your boss’s mind.

On a standardized test, an analogy is a word problem composed of two different pairs of terms. The word problem is set up to reveal one set of terms first. Those two terms are related to each other in some way. The problem then gives you the first term of the second pair and asks you to choose a second term to complete that pair. This second term must be related to the first term in the same manner in which the first pair of terms is related.

For example:

Black is to white as hot is to _________________

(A) great

(B) neutral

(C) cold

(D) gray

This basic analogy is asking you first to recognize the relationship between the terms black and white and then to pick a term that creates the same relationship. Because black is the opposite of white, the correct answer is Choice (C).

Black is to white as hot is to cold because cold is the opposite of hot.

Why analogical thinking is valued

Your ability to solve analogies offers insight into how you think. Both graduate programs and employers are interested in accepting people who can think, analyze, and reason, and looking at MAT scores is one way they attempt to determine whether an applicant has those abilities.

Analogies help us learn by creating connections in our minds. If I tell a student to answer all the easy questions on a test before attempting any difficult ones, he’ll almost certainly understand me. But if I make the analogy that answering the easy questions first is like first grabbing the easiest coins when you’re running out of time in Super Mario Brothers, he’ll have a mental image and create a stronger memory link to the concept.

He’ll be able to link it to something he already knows, making it easier to remember and use in the future. In fact, a lot of the learning we do uses analogies, since we often fit new concepts into our existing knowledge by mentally comparing them to things we already know. Analogies aren’t bad; they’re actually pretty useful. Working on them might even make you smarter.

As with most skills, the more time you spend working on analogies, the better you get at them because your brain gets more used to identifying relationships. When you begin the analogy practice later in this chapter, stick with it. Practice a little every day — before you know it, you’ll be able to zero in on most analogy relationships in no time.

Analogical thinking in an academic environment

Standardized tests have included analogies for almost 100 years. Studies have shown that skill with analogies is connected to intelligence, analytical ability, and higher thinking that extends beyond simple memorization. Prospective schools find these traits desirable in their incoming students.

Graduate programs require a standardized test score so that they have some basis for comparing your application to others. Many factors influence grades, so schools use tests like the MAT because they stick to a standard. The MAT you take is most likely the same MAT that someone else across the country took, or at least very similar.

So, for example, if two applicants have the same GPA but different MAT scores, an admissions committee can more easily decide which applicant to accept. Schools also tend to put more stock in concrete data, like a numerical MAT score, than they do subjective data, like a teacher’s recommendation letter. After all, you can bribe a teacher to write you a good letter, but you can’t bribe the MAT.

Schools like the MAT because it tests your ability to think in terms of analogies. Admission boards want to know that you can think and reason. If you perform well on the MAT, they know you can determine relationships in many different situations.

This skill is particularly valuable in fields like science that often require analogical thinking. For example, if adding acid B to chemical C produces an explosion, then adding acid B to chemical D, which is in the same chemical class as chemical C, will probably also produce an explosion. This inference uses an analogy to predict that a similar situation will produce a similar result. In this example, analogical thinking may save your life!

In a similar vein, schools want to see that you’re well rounded. Many programs that accept MAT scores for admission are in education-related fields. If you’re going to become an educator, it makes sense that you need a broad spectrum of knowledge, to explain concepts to your future students. A good MAT score most likely means that you have a basic level of knowledge about the humanities, sciences, and so on, making it more likely that you can explain a concept in more than one way. And using analogies is a great way to teach, especially if you can make an analogy using a concept the student is comfortable with.

Analogical thinking in the workplace

You may think that MAT scores are relevant only to getting into a graduate program, but not so. I don’t mean to put additional pressure on you, but your scores can follow you far beyond enrolling in the school of your choice.

When you apply for a job, some companies may want to see your scores. Essentially, employers look at your MAT score the same way schools do. If a company asks for a MAT score, it likely wants a standard for comparing you to other applicants. Like schools, companies want to gauge your ability to think and reason, to see if you’re well rounded and/or intellectually curious. People like to base their decisions on facts, and a MAT score is one more fact they can use to consider the strength of your application for the job.

Additionally, companies know that, with the world changing so quickly, they need to hire people who have the ability to adapt. Today’s technology will probably be obsolete in ten years. To companies, getting a good score on the MAT may mean that you can think on your feet and apply your current knowledge to solve new problems as they arise.

For example, if you worked at a produce company and were able to recognize that cold-press juicers were selling well in southern California, you could recommend that the company increase its advertising in that area. You’d bring tangible value to the company with your ability to identify relationships.

Determining Your Analogy Aptitude

So how do you find out if you’re good with analogies? In general, you’re more likely to be good with analogies if one or more of the following applies to you:

You quickly make connections between concepts and determine whether they’re related.

You’re a good teacher, or you’re good at explaining concepts in ways others can understand.

You like learning. You like Googling and researching on the Internet, just for fun.

You’re good with words, you have a good vocabulary, and you enjoy reading.

You’re good with puzzles and figuring things out.

You’re a creative person and enjoy creative expression.

This list isn’t comprehensive, but it may help predict whether you’ll adapt well to analogical thinking if you’re not already good at it. Of course, to really determine whether you’re good at analogies, you have to work on a bunch of them and see how you do.

Using this book is a good first step. And after you take the first practice exam that you purchase from the Miller Analogies website, you’ll have some hard data about your skill level.

Getting Familiar with MAT Analogy Relationship Categories

If you think about it, we’re always formulating relationships between the words we use. If I say any two words to you, like red and car, you’ll probably form a relationship between them — maybe by picturing a shiny red Corvette. MAT analogies are all about relationships, and familiarizing yourself with some of the general categories of relationships on the MAT can make it easier to identify them in questions.

The MAT officially lists four types of relationships: Semantic, Classification, Association, and Logical/Mathematical. The names for these types are not as simple and descriptive as they could be, so I’ve renamed and expanded the relationship types to make it easier for you to think about them. We can create relationships between words in so many ways that, instead of trying to describe every single possible relationship, I group the MAT analogies into five major categories:

Description

Type

Parts

Similar/different

Playful

A term occupies one of the four positions in an analogy. Terms can be words, multiple words, letters, or numbers.

It’s a good idea to get familiar with these five major categories and how they work by studying the following examples. Then you’ll know what’s coming on the practice tests and the real MAT. However, don’t worry too much about figuring out a category for every single analogy you come across. Some analogies are tough to categorize, and thinking about which category a particular analogy fits into often isn’t necessary to solve it.

Description analogies

A verb is a part of speech that expresses existence or action.

Description analogies are quite common on the MAT. In a description analogy, one of the terms in the analogy describes the other term in some way. The description is usually accomplished by a verb, which can be any action. For example:

DOCTOR : HOSPITAL :: FARMER : _________________

(A) crop

(B) acre

(C) labor

(D) field

In this 1:2,3:4 analogy, a doctor works in a hospital, as a farmer works in a field, so the right answer is Choice (D). A hospital is a description of where a doctor works, as a field is a description of where a farmer works. The description is accomplished by the word works. Here’s another description analogy example:

CHICKEN : DOLPHIN :: _________________ : CALVE

(A) green

(B) hop

(C) hatch

(D) swim

This analogy is a 1:3,2:4. A baby dolphin leaves its mother’s womb through calving, as a baby chicken leaves its protective egg by hatching. The answer is Choice (C). Calve is a description of how a dolphin is born, as hatch is a description of how a baby chicken is born. In this example, you can think of the description as being accomplished by the word born.

Type analogies

Type analogies deal with classifying things and thinking about their types. Here’s one example:

_________________ : BEAR :: ANACONDA : SNAKE

(A) grizzly

(B) vicious

(C) furry