Planet Ocean E-Book

Michel Odent

• Herausgeber: Clairview Books
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

After introducing the concept of the birthing pool in the 1970s, Michel Odent has continuously expanded his interest in the mysterious connections between humans and water. In Planet Ocean he shows that the evolution of the oceans – particularly the fluctuations of sea levels – and the evolution of humans are inseparable. The oceans are the givers and sustainers of life, holding ninety-five per cent of the planet's habitable space within their immense depths. Odent steers us towards a radically new vision of human nature. Our defining feature – a supersized brain – becomes a leitmotif that enables links between topics as diverse as our nutritional needs, our relationship with sea mammals, and the way members of our species give birth. He relates 'transcendent emotional states' with what the French writer Romain Rolland referred to as 'the oceanic feeling' – both suggesting the absence of limits. Access to such states can be associated with, for example, a 'foetus ejection reflex'. This leads to the extraordinary conclusion that swimming – as learnt behaviour among humans – the birth process and access to transcendence are interrelated topics for students of human nature. Planet Ocean is a fascinating interdisciplinary study that demonstrates our manifold connections to water and suggests their relevance to everyday life.

Leseprobe

PLANET OCEAN

Our Mysterious Connections to Water

MICHEL ODENT

Clairview Books Ltd.

Russet, Sandy Lane,

West Hoathly,

W. Sussex RH19 4QQ

www.clairviewbooks.com

Published by Clairview Books 2021

© Michel Odent 2021

This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Inquiries should be addressed to the Publishers

The right of Michel Odent to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978 1 912992 27 0 EISBN 978 1 912992 31 7

Cover by Morgan Creative

Typeset by Symbiosys Technologies, Vishakapatnam, India

Printed and bound by 4Edge Ltd, Essex

Contents

Abstracts

1.Mysteries

2.Fluctuations of sea levels

3.Homo navigator

4.Looking towards the future?

5.Homo’s best friends

6.The super brainy mammals: Homo and Tucuxi

7.From Aesop to Elaine Morgan: What pioneers have in common

8.Straight to the point

9.The mammal that cannot swim

10.Why is human birth occasionally easy?

11.The Oceanic feeling

12.Humanity and Mother Ocean

13.From a garden paddling pool to the Pacific Ocean

Notes and References

Index

Abstracts

1. Mysteries

The objective of this preliminary chapter is to provide reasons to identify and interpret mysterious human characteristics. We refer to modern life and also to prehistory, history, myths, legends and arts as diverse as poetry, sculpture, painting, songs and cinema. We wonder why the small groups of scientists who raised questions about the dozens of traits humans share with sea mammals, but not with other primates, have been marginalized.

2. Fluctuations of sea levels

Measurable criteria

Palaeomicrobiology

The prototype of a modern interdisciplinary scholar

We present the evolution of our planet and the evolution of Homo as two inseparable topics. That is why we find it necessary to recall, in particular, that during a period covering the last two million years sea levels have fluctuated some 218 metres.

An estimated 20 million km2 of territory was exposed on the world’s continental shelves between 110,000 and 10,000 years before the present. Exploitation of marine resources has undoubtedly created the potential for relatively high human population densities. During this period, some of the major phases of human history have taken place, including renewed human dispersals out of Africa.

Such facts suggest that until now paleoanthropologists might have studied marginalized human populations that colonized inland territories, probably after migrations along rivers and around lakes.

3. Homo navigator

The Mediterranean Basin

Questions from Gibraltar

The Pacific Rim

From Madagascar to Easter Island

There are countless published documents about the palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. The time has come to realize that ‘Planet Ocean’ has been to a great extent colonized by ‘Homo Navigator’. We focus on the Mediterranean Basin and the Pacific Rim.

By raising questions about this little-known variety of prehistoric Homo, we take another look at human nature.

4. Looking towards the future?

Limited perspectives

A unique dominant status

Why the Americas before Madagascar?

Underwater fossil hunting

As interdisciplinary students in human nature, we are combining records of the past in order to look towards the future.

Each perspective is in the hand of specialized researchers and has limited objectives.

Fossil hunting (palaeoanthropology) has narrow limits: when human fossils are found it means first that the geological and environmental conditions are absolutely exceptional. The advent of valuable fossil-dating methods has enlarged its power.

Archaeology, which looks at physical objects shaped by human contact, also has obvious narrow limits.

Today human evolutionary genetics has reached a unique dominant status. It is established that since the glacial maximum, a landmass the size of South America has been inundated worldwide. On the day when this piece of information becomes common knowledge, underwater fossil hunting (i.e., underwater palaeoanthropol-ogy) might become an irreplaceable complementary key to studying human nature.

5. Homo’s best friends

The dolphin connection

The canine connection

How to interpret the deep-rooted mysterious connections between Homo and dolphins, on the one hand, and Homo and dogs, on the other hand.

6. The super brainy mammals: Homo and Tucuxi

Nutritional needs

The dolphin family

Too rational to survive

Questions about common points, advantages and handicaps of mammals endowed with a supersized brain inspire joint studies of Homo and members of the dolphin family. The focus should be on nutritional needs and enzymatic systems.

7. From Aesop to Elaine Morgan: What pioneers have in common

The pioneers who focused on various human characteristics suggestive of an aquatic past had several common points. One of them leads to observe that interdisciplinarity, as the capacity to focus on links between seemingly different areas, is a facet of lateral thinking.

8. Straight to the point

It should be enough

It is not enough

One step further

The defining feature of Homo is a supersized brain. From this perspective, human beings have more similarities with sea mammals than with land mammals in general and the other apes in particular. As a general rule, when a trait is mysterious, and apparently specific to humans, there are reasons to look at what we have in common with mammals adapted to the sea.

In the age of genetics, we suggest that the best way to challenge the dominant theories and to go one step further is to restart from the central event that separated the emerging Homo from Pan (the chimpanzees). We now have reasons to suggest that this event is at the root of the defining feature of Homo.

9. The mammal that cannot swim

Learning from babies

Learning from non-human apes

From Plato to the next Olympic Games

Breaststroke versus front crawl: the realm of mysteries

Advantages of learned behaviours

Humans are the mammals that need to learn a technique to be able to swim. They lose their innate capacity to swim when they reach a certain degree of neocortical maturity that takes place around the age of three or four months.

The great diversity of styles confirms that, beyond a certain degree of brain development, swimming must be classified among learned behaviours: it occurs only after experience or practice. A learned behaviour is an advantage in terms of adaptability: it is flexible.

10. Why is human birth occasionally easy?

When the tool becomes the master

The solution found by nature

The foetus ejection reflex

Challenging thousands of years of tradition

Until now, studies of birth physiology among humans were based on interpretations of difficulties. This is why the comparative importance of mechanical factors has been overestimated by theoreticians. We should first interpret the well-known fact that, occasionally, women who are not special from a morphological perspective can give birth easily and quickly, while others need medical intervention after days of hard labour. This enormous discrepancy leads us to understand that birth physiology is first and foremost a chapter of brain physiology. It is essential to realize that the part of the brain that has reached an extremely high level of development in our species—the ‘new brain’ or neocortex—does not always play the role of a tool at the service of vital physiological functions. On the contrary, in some particular situations, it can inhibit and weaken such functions. It is as if the tool may become the master. The main objective of this chapter is to popularize the concept of neocortical inhibition. Reduced self-control, as an effect of a reduced neocortical activity, appears as the main factor that makes human birth possible. When this solution found by nature is understood, it becomes easy to analyze and summarize the basic needs of a labouring woman: she needs to feel protected against all possible neocortical stimulations. The keyword is protection. The main stimulants of neocortical activity are well-known: language, light and all attention-enhancing situations.

11. The Oceanic feeling

The highways to transcendence

Half-open doors to transcendence

During transcendent emotional states, human beings can escape from space and time reality. Episodes of human reproductive life such as the ‘foetus ejection reflex’, the ‘milk ejection reflex’ and the ‘sperm ejection reflex’ are presented as ‘the highways to transcendence’. Enthusiasm and joy are considered in this framework.

12. Humanity and Mother Ocean

From Green to Blue

Disclosing priorities

Beyond the explicit messages

Modern humans must urgently realize that 95 per cent of the planet’s habitable space lies within the deep immense oceans: the oceans may be presented as the givers and sustainers of life. In such a context we rephrase a common question: how can humanity develop its respect for ‘Mother Ocean’?

13. From a garden paddling pool to the Pacific Ocean

Jumping from one scale to another

In the age of tap water

Before the age of tap water

Homo—the primate endowed with a powerful neocortical supercomputer—has an immense capacity to jump from one order of magnitude to another. I illustrate this capacity in the framework of the relationship between Homo and water.

1

Mysteries

In 1934, while my family was living in a village in Northern France, we got a car. The following Sunday, we went to the seashore by the Channel. A dream had come true!

In 1936, a paid vacation policy was set by a new French government. Millions of people went to the beach and spent days watching the waves, gazing at the horizon … and dreaming. This was an inspiration for my mother as a poet. The first verse of her poem in alexandrine titled ‘Vers ton île’ (Towards Your Island) was a question:

‘Qui donc m’emportera vers ton île lointaine?’

(Who will take me to your distant island?)

The French navigator Jacques Cousteau was curious about his own mysterious vocation, confessing that he did not know why he loved the sea.

Once I was in a shop in Tokyo. There was a musical background. We could hear ‘La Mer’, by Charles Trenet. A poemsong about the sea makes people dream all over the world.