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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
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- Sprache: Englisch
Discover an exciting and lucrative new career in project management
Project management is one of the most flexible, engaging, and lucrative careers available today. And nothing gets you ready for it quite like the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification exam, which awards the gold-standard qualification in the field. PMP Exam Prep For Dummies walks you through every step you need to take to acquire your PMP credential. The book covers all aspects of the PMP certification exam, helping you learn to manage a project's people, processes, and business priorities with ease.
Applicable to virtually any industry—including health, construction, and information technology—the book offers:
- Critical info about the certification process, the application, the exam, and more
- Strategies for learning the most relevant parts of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
- Complimentary access to an online practice question bank you can use to sharpen your skills and get ready for the test
Perfect for aspiring project management professionals, career changers, and anyone else interested in broadening their business skillset, PMP Exam Prep For Dummies is also a can't-miss resource for practicing project management professionals looking to brush up on the basics. Grab your copy today!
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025
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PMP® Exam Prep For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “PMP Exam Prep For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1: Starting Your PMP Journey
Chapter 1: Welcome to Your PMP Certification Journey
PMP: Recognizing the Global Standard
Introducing the Project Management Institute
Professional Skill Sets: Excelling with the PMI Talent Triangle
Exploring Process Groups, Knowledge Areas, and Project Management Processes
Chapter 2: Get Ready For the PMP Exam!
Do You Have What It Takes?
License and Registration, Please
Getting Familiar with PMP Exam Domains
Some Guidance on the
PMBOK Guide
Getting Ready for the PMP Examination: The Basics
Chapter 3: Getting into the Right PMI Mindset
Discovering the Dos and Don’ts
Spotting the Scenario
Understanding the ABCs of PMI
Chapter 4: Maintaining Your PMP Credential
Keeping Your PMP Credential Once You’ve Earned It
Getting Those PDUs
Earning (and Keeping) Your Credentials
Taking Action If Your Certification Cycle Lapses
Chapter 5: Taking a Pre-Assessment
Questions
Answer Key
How Did You Do?
Part 2: What Is Project Management Really?
Chapter 6: An Overview of Projects
What Are Projects?
Why Do We Have Projects?
Where Do Projects Happen?
Chapter 7: Project Management Key Concepts
Defining Project Management
Finding a Reason for the Project Management Season
Shifting from Outputs to Outcomes
Center of the Universe: The Project Manager
Comparing Different PMs: Product Management versus Project Management
Exploring Additional Foundational Concepts
Part 3: The Environment in Which Projects Operate
Chapter 8: Project, Program, Portfolio, and Operations Management
Organizing the Way You Manage Projects
Looking at Operations Management
Defining the Role of Organizational and Project Governance
Creating a Project Management Office
Test Your Knowledge: Supportive, Controlling, and Directive PMOs
Deciding How Much Governance Is Needed
Answer Key: Supportive, Controlling, and Directive PMOs
Chapter 9: Organizational Influences
OPAs: Knowing Your Internal Policies and Procedures
EEFs: Gaining Awareness of the Environment
Test Your Knowledge: OPA or EEF
Answer Key: OPA or EEF
Chapter 10: Roles and Functions That Drive Project Delivery
The Project Manager
The Sponsor
The Product Owner
The Customer and End User
The Project Team
The Program Manager
The Portfolio Manager
Stakeholders and Key Stakeholders
Part 4: Managing Your Projects from Conception to Completion
Chapter 11: Project Success Starts with the Team
Determining Resource Needs to Meet Project Needs
Planning for the People, the Equipment, and the Tools (Oh My!)
Estimating Resource Requirements
Acquiring Resources
Gaining Project Success through Teamwork
Developing Interpersonal Skills
Understanding Teams in the Adaptive Environment
Adapting Your Leadership Style
Achieving a High-Performing Team: The Ultimate Goal
Answer Keys
Chapter 12: Initiating Your Project
Setting the Stage: The Five Process Groups
Starting with Business Value
The Role of the Business Case: Telling the Project’s Origin Story
Evaluating and Realizing Benefits
Prioritizing Projects for Strategic Impact
Test Your Knowledge: Benefit Measurement Methods
The Project Charter: Creating a High-Level Blueprint for Success
The Human Element: Analyzing and Engaging Stakeholders
Test Your Knowledge: Mapping Stakeholder Engagement
Using Project Charters and Engaging Stakeholders in Adaptive Projects
Answer Keys
Chapter 13: Planning Your Project Roadmap
Getting Familiar with the Planning Process Group
Develop Project Management Plan
Plan Scope Management
Plan Schedule Management
Develop Schedule
Plan Cost Management
Chapter 14: Elevating Your Project Roadmap
Planning Process Group
Plan Quality Management
Plan Communications Management
Planning for Risks
Plan Procurement Management
Addressing the People Factor in Planning
Chapter 15: Integration of Plans and Processes
Planning: The Final Steps
Integrating Project Management Activities
The Project Manager: The Expert Project Integrator
Changes are Possible: Creating a Change Control Plan
Maintaining Control with the Configuration Management Plan
Developing a Comprehensive Project Management Plan
Developing an Agile Project Management Plan
Answer Key: Change Control or Configuration Management?
Chapter 16: Turning Your Plan into Action
Executing Process Group
Directing and Managing Project Work
Managing Project Knowledge
Managing Quality
Managing Risks
Managing Procurements and Vendor Relationships
Managing People Performance and Expectations
Project Execution in the Adaptive Environment
Chapter 17: Keeping Your Project on Track
Getting Familiar with the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group
Monitor and Control Project Work
Perform Integrated Change Control
Validate Scope
Control Scope
Control Schedule
Control Costs
Test Your Knowledge: What’s the Situation at Week 7?
Control Quality
Control Resources
Monitor Communications
Monitor Risks
Control Procurements
Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Monitoring and Controlling in the Adaptive Environment
Answer Key: What’s the Situation at Week 7?
Chapter 18: Closing the Project or Phase
The Closing Process Group
Uncovering Why Projects End
Addressing Project Closure: Close Project or Phase Process
Reflecting on Project Achievements: Documenting the Journey
Capturing Insights: Lessons Learned
Referencing the Business Case and Benefits Management Plan
Test Your Knowledge: Closing the Project
Sustaining Project Outcomes
Delivering Value
Answer Key: Closing the Project
Part 5: Agile and Hybrid Approaches
Chapter 19: The Fundamentals of Agile Project Management
Realizing that History Matters
Examining the Values and Principles of the Agile Manifesto
Delivering Value: The Agile Development Life Cycle
Implementing Common Agile Frameworks
Comparing the Triangle of Constraints in Predictive and Agile Projects
Answer Key: Agile Manifesto Principles
Chapter 20: Agile Teams: Key Roles and Responsibilities
Getting an Overview of Agile Teams
Building Better Products with Cross-Functional Team Members
Representing the Voice of the Customer: Product Owner
Using Skilled Facilitation via the Team Facilitator
Focusing on Servant Leadership
Benefitting from an Agile Coach
Chapter 21: Key Agile Practices
Facilitating Agile Ceremonies
Using Agile Artifacts
Exercise: Convert Scenarios into User Stories
Answer Key: Convert Scenarios into User Stories
Part 6: The Part of Tens
Chapter 22: Ten Tips for PMP Exam Success
Pick an Exam Date
Familiarize Yourself with the Exam Content Outline
Create a Study Plan
Take Practice Exams
Adopt Good Study Habits
Take Good Notes
Find the Right Testing Environment
Stay Healthy and Focused
Stay Motivated with a Study Buddy or Study Groups
Plan for PMP Success
Chapter 23: More Than Ten Common Acronyms
Chapter 24: Ten Assumptions of the PMP Exam
Organizational Structure
Best Practices
Proactive Project Managers
Conflict Resolution
Procurement
Organizational Context
Historical Information
Absolute Statements
Change Control
Agile Environment
Index
About the Author
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 4
TABLE 4-1 PMP: Education Minimum 35 PDUs
Chapter 7
TABLE 7-1 Product Management versus Project Management
TABLE 7-2 Comparison of Product Manager and Project Manager
Chapter 9
TABLE 9-1 Categories of OPAs
TABLE 9-2 Common Internal and External EEFs
Chapter 11
TABLE 11-1 Comparing Management and Leadership
Chapter 13
TABLE 13-1 Predictive Projects versus Adaptive Projects
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
FIGURE 1-1: The PMI Talent Triangle.
Chapter 2
FIGURE 2-1: Overlapping projects.
Chapter 7
FIGURE 7-1: Continuum of project management approaches.
FIGURE 7-2: The continuum of life cycles.
FIGURE 7-3: Product life cycle.
FIGURE 7-4: How products and projects overlap.
FIGURE 7-5: Project phases.
FIGURE 7-6: Iterative planning through rolling wave planning.
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8-1: The relationship among portfolios, programs, projects, and operatio...
Chapter 11
FIGURE 11-1: An example of a RACI chart.
FIGURE 11-2: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
Chapter 12
FIGURE 12-1: An example of a Power Interest Grid.
FIGURE 12-2: The Salience Model.
FIGURE 12-3: An example of a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix.
Chapter 13
FIGURE 13-1: The triple constraints.
FIGURE 13-2: Common project requirements.
FIGURE 13-3: A traceability matrix.
FIGURE 13-4: A WBS for a home renovation project.
FIGURE 13-5: The activities of a home renovation project.
FIGURE 13-6: Leads and lags.
FIGURE 13-7: A project schedule network diagram shows the project from start to...
Chapter 14
FIGURE 14-1: A complex communication model.
FIGURE 14-2: A communication matrix for a website project.
FIGURE 14-3: An example risk breakdown structure (RBS) for a home renovation pr...
FIGURE 14-4: A sample risk criteria for a given project.
FIGURE 14-5: An example of a probability and impact matrix.
Chapter 16
FIGURE 16-1: An issue log from an EMR case study.
FIGURE 16-2: A kanban board.
FIGURE 16-3: A velocity chart.
FIGURE 16-4: A cumulative flow diagram.
Chapter 17
FIGURE 17-1: Earned value management example.
FIGURE 17-2: An example control chart.
FIGURE 17-3: An example cause-and-effect diagram.
FIGURE 17-4: An example Pareto chart.
FIGURE 17-5: Example scatter diagrams.
Chapter 19
FIGURE 19-1: An Agile development life cycle.
FIGURE 19-2: Comparing the traditional triangle of constraints to the Agile tri...
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Begin Reading
Index
About the Author
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PMP®Exam Prep For Dummies®
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Introduction
If you’re always trying to be normal, you will never know how amazing you can be.
—MAYA ANGELOU
Hi there! I'm Crystal Richards and I am a misfit project manager. (Misfit, noun: a person who is different from other people and who does not seem to belong in a particular group or situation.)
In my professional career, I noticed that I was a bit of an oddball. My background is not in traditional IT project management, fancy software development projects, or construction project management. I worked in healthcare, improving patient flow, patient registration processes, and employee training efforts.
I often felt underrepresented and overlooked with some of these textbooks and exam prep materials that talked endlessly about IT and construction project management when my world revolved around leading business process improvement projects. The current library of project management resources were hard to follow and, quite frankly, downright boring to read. This realization that my voice was missing inspired me to embark on a journey to write a book that would bridge the gap and provide a different perspective — a perspective that is long overdue. That’s why I wrote this book.
I know, I know. There are countless project management books, training materials, and exam preparation guides out there in these project management streets. However, it became apparent to me that there was something missing — an authentic voice that resonated with my unique experiences and perspectives. And I imagine you feel the same way.
Misfit project managers unite!
This book speaks to the unique project managers like you and me, learning in a way that speaks in a common-sense, practical, break-it-down approach. By sharing my insights, experiences, and knowledge, I hope to contribute to a more comprehensive and inclusive body of project management literature.
About This Book
I think this book rocks, but I’m biased. My goal is that this book becomes your essential guide to set you up for success on the Project Management Professional (PMP) Exam and beyond. I provide a comprehensive yet accessible deep-dive into the principles and best practices of project management, combined with actionable tips and strategies that are designed to prepare you for the rigors of the PMP Exam and for managing real-world projects. I use my real-world experience to teach you the foundations of project management and Agile project management. I show you how to bring all these concepts together, and I explain how they align to the Project Management Institute's (PMI) Exam Content Outline (ECO) and PMI Talent Triangle. This book includes
Concrete examples to solidify concepts
Stories and examples from healthcare, home renovation projects, and web development to add clarity and interest.
A dash of humor. After all, managing projects can be stressful, so why not find humor along the way?
If you're an aspiring project management professional preparing for your PMP Exam, or an experienced professional seeking to sharpen your skills with the current best practice strategies, this book is designed to be your go-to resource. Not only does it prepare you for the exam, but it also equips you with the necessary tools to thrive in the project management world.
Foolish Assumptions
Were you an accidental project manager? I was! But what makes you and me super cool is that we are unique within our organizations given our talents and penchant for project management. Here are some assumptions about why you probably picked up this book:
Maybe you’re the only project manager or PM-thinking person in your organization.
You're dabbling in project management in pursuit of career growth or a career change.
You're tired of “Googling” your way to an answer for your projects and you just wish you had a resource that didn’t make you feel like you were incompetent.
Sound familiar? That’s why I wrote this book. With your three-plus years of project management experience (depending on your educational level and a requirement of the exam, which is covered in Chapter 2), and your desire to ace this lengthy examination, you want a resource that will say it plainly. I get you.
Icons Used in This Book
Throughout this book, I use icons in the left margin that call attention to important information that’s particularly worth noting:
This icon indicates an important tip for the PMP Exam. Think of this information as the “so what” while reading a particular section or topic.
This icon serves as a reminder of an important concept that you should commit to memory.
Danger, Will Robinson! This icon highlights pitfalls you may encounter as you prep for the PMP Exam.
Beyond the Book
In addition to what you’re reading right now, this book comes with a free access-anywhere Cheat Sheet that includes tips and advice to help you prepare for the PMP Exam. To get this Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and type PMP Exam Prep For Dummies Cheat Sheet in the Search box.
You can also work on an online practice quiz. To gain access to this online resource, all you have to do is register. Just follow these simple steps:
Go to
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After you’ve logged into your new or existing account, select “Dummies” under the “Select the brand for your product” header.
Select your title from the drop-down list. Choose “PMP Exam Prep For Dummies.”
Answer a validation question about the product, and then click “Redeem.”
You must choose the correct title and edition from the drop-down list. Select the option that says “PMP Exam Prep For Dummies.”
Now you’re ready to go! You can come back to the practice material as often as you want — simply log on with the username and password you created during your initial login.
Your registration is good for one year from the day you redeem your product.
Where to Go from Here
I wrote this book in a way to let you skip around as needed, but if this is your first deep-dive into the PMP Exam content, here are some key first steps: Step 1: Start with Chapter 3. This chapter sets the foundation, helping you develop the right mindset for PMP Exam preparation. Step 2: After reading Chapter 3, take the pre-assessment in Chapter 5. Your results serve as your guide to the chapters you should review in detail.
Of course, reading the book from the beginning is perfectly fine, especially for those of you who prefer a linear approach to tackling this content. So please feel free to read from front to back. Or if you’re more of a free-spirited reader, skip around as you see fit.
Part 1
Starting Your PMP Journey
IN THIS PART …
Get familiar with PMI and what it represents.
Discover the requirements of the PMP Exam.
Prepare yourself to study for and take the PMP Exam.
Explore how to keep your PMP credentials.
Try some practice questions to assess your readiness for the PMP Exam.
Chapter 1
Welcome to Your PMP Certification Journey
IN THIS CHAPTER
Recognizing the role and purpose of the Project Management Institute
Discovering the PMI Talent Triangle
Exploring the project management framework
Congratulations on taking the first step in your PMP journey! This chapter is your welcome mat to the world of project management — what I like to call “Planet PMI.” Here, you’ll gain insight into the global standard of project management certification and find out what makes the PMP credential so highly regarded. You’ll take a closer look at the organization behind it all — the Project Management Institute (PMI) — and unpack the essential skills and competencies every project manager needs to excel, as outlined in the PMI Talent Triangle. To help you hit the ground running, I’ll also introduce some foundational terminology to familiarize you with the language of project management.
Let’s dive in!
PMP: Recognizing the Global Standard
When it comes to project management certification, the Project Management Professional (PMP) credential says, “Mamma, I made it!” in regard to project management excellence. For professionals with project management experience, the PMP certification is the ultimate badge of honor. It signifies a mastery of project management concepts, techniques, and best practices, distinguishing individuals as competent project management specialists.
The journey toward PMP certification is not an easy one, as it requires a substantial amount of project leadership experience. However, it’s precisely the challenges and dedication required that make achieving this certification such a remarkable feat. As a trainer, being part of the PMP certification process fills me with immense pride. Witnessing individuals invest countless hours honing their skills and demonstrating their expertise is a testament to their unwavering determination.
Here are a few reasons why the PMP designation matters:
It is a globally recognized credential.
It includes benefits such as industry recognition, professional development, increased job prospects, and higher earning potential.
It requires that a project manager meet certain work and education requirements and then pass a rigorous, closed-book, 180-question exam.
It reports 32-percent higher compensation than non-credentialed project managers.
This means that you have greater potential for job opportunities, networking, promotions, industries, and compensation as a result. Mamma, I made it!
As you prepare to take the PMP Exam, you may wonder why the requirements to sit for the exam are so stringent. This chapter aims to shed light on the rationale behind these requirements and their significance in maintaining the integrity and value of the PMP certification.
Introducing the Project Management Institute
You may wonder who makes this all happen with the PMP credential. That would be the Project Management Institute (PMI). PMI is the leading professional association for project management, with over 700,000 PMI members worldwide, offering eight certifications that recognize knowledge and competency, and more than 1,200,000 PMP certification holders worldwide. The PMP certification recognizes project managers who have proven they have the skills to manage projects successfully. The PMP certification was introduced by PMI in 1984, and ever since then, the PMP certification has become the gold standard for project management professionals worldwide.
So there.
PMI has established stringent requirements for candidates to uphold the credibility and value of the PMP certification. These requirements are designed to ensure that individuals who hold the PMP credential possess a standardized level of knowledge, experience, and competence. By maintaining consistent standards, the PMP certification becomes a reliable indicator of a project manager’s capabilities across industries and geographical boundaries.
Professional Skill Sets: Excelling with the PMI Talent Triangle
Another essential aspect of preparing for the PMP journey is understanding the PMI Talent Triangle. The PMI Talent Triangle is a framework introduced by PMI to highlight the key skills and competencies that project managers should possess for success in their roles. These skills are not just about the key competencies of skilled project managers; they also reflect the key domains of the PMP Exam: People, Process, and Business Environment.
The PMI Talent Triangle represents the ideal set of skills project professionals must develop and sharpen to be successful and work smarter in today’s evolving world of project management. Each side of the Triangle reflects the skills project professionals should possess to be successful in their projects. For an illustration of the PMI Talent Triangle, see Figure 1-1.
For further insight on each element of the PMI Talent Triangle, let’s take a look at each one and how they’re demonstrated in practice.
Power Skills
Power Skills, formerly Leadership, pertain to interpersonal skills, collaborative leadership, communication, an innovative mindset, for-purpose orientation, and empathy. Power Skills in practice include the following:
Clearly communicating the goals and expectations of the project
Clearly and effectively communicating between team members, stakeholders, and clients
Delegating tasks effectively, providing feedback, and motivating team members to work towards the project’s goals.
FIGURE 1-1: The PMI Talent Triangle.
Ways of Working
Ways of Working, formerly Technical Project Management, focus on project managers learning different ways to manage their projects, whether they are predictive, Agile, design thinking, or other new practices still to be developed. Ways of Working in practice include the following:
Knowing the right tools and techniques to use, given the project context and environment
Structuring a project team with the right skills to execute to the project plan
Business Acumen
Business Acumen, formerly Strategic and Business Management, provides an understanding of the macro- and micro-influences across an organization or industry in order to make effective decisions while understanding how the project aligns with the big picture of broader organizational strategy and global trends. Business Acumen in practice involves the following:
Understanding the business, the industry, and how projects align specifically with the organization’s strategic objectives
Understanding the organization’s strategic objectives, market positioning, and financial goals
Understanding the organization’s culture, structure, and processes to develop change management strategies that are effective and sustainable
For more information about the PMI Talent Triangle, visit the PMI webpage: https://www.pmi.org/certifications/certification-resources/maintain/talent-triangle
Exploring Process Groups, Knowledge Areas, and Project Management Processes
The current PMP Exam is structured around the Exam Content Outline (ECO), which references multiple resources beyond the PMBOK Guide. Therefore, the PMBOK Guide is not the sole source of exam content. (For detailed information, refer to the PMI Exam Content Outline webpage: https://www.pmi.org/certifications/project-management-pmp.)
However, for years, success on the PMP Exam hinged on being familiar with the three key areas: Process Groups, Knowledge Areas, and the project management processes. While this level of detail is no longer required, many instructors, like myself, still find the framework uber-helpful in providing structure to explain the enormity of the best practice details of project management.
That said, let’s walk through a brief overview of those topics.
Taking a granular look: 49 project management processes
The project life cycle is managed by following a series of steps called project management processes. There are 49 of these processes, and this study guide will walk you through the majority of them. Each process includes three key components:
Input:
What you need to get the process started
Tools and techniques:
The methods, tools, or systems used to move the process forward
Output:
The result or deliverable produced by the process
Do you need to memorize all the project management processes by name? Good news — you don’t! While the processes are mentioned in this exam prep guide for context, the current PMP Exam does not require you to commit all 49 project management processes to memory, unlike the old days. You’re off the hook! You’ll find out about each one as you continue. Keep reading!
Project management processes are used globally and are applicable across all industries.
Looking at Process Groups from start to finish
Process Groups provide a way to categorize the 49 project management processes to achieve specific objectives (such as processes to start the project, processes to execute the project, and so on). There are five Process Groups encompassing the entire project management life cycle, and each Process Group consists of specific processes and activities that help manage a project from initiation to closure. Here are the five Process Groups.
Initiating:
This is where it all starts — setting the project’s initial scope and objectives, getting authorization, and laying the groundwork for success.
Planning:
Think of this as creating your roadmap. It’s all about preparing detailed plans and documentation to guide every aspect of the project, covering all knowledge areas.
Executing:
This is where the action happens. You coordinate people and resources to bring the project plan to life and work toward the objectives.
Monitoring and controlling:
Here, you’re keeping an eye on things — measuring performance, spotting variances, and taking corrective actions to stay on track.
Closing:
At this point, you’re wrapping it all up by finalizing activities, ensuring deliverables are complete, and getting formal acceptance to close the project.
The five Process Groups follow a logical sequence that reflects how you will likely encounter the processes in real-world projects.
The Process Groups aren’t the same as project phases, but it’s common for people to use their names when referring to project phases in the real world. While that’s not technically wrong in practice, it would definitely be the wrong answer on the exam. For the PMP, it’s important to understand that Process Groups are a framework for organizing project management processes, not the actual phases of a project. Keep this distinction in mind as you prepare for the exam!
IS THERE A GLOSSARY?
I ran out of pages to include a glossary section in this study guide. (Paper is expensive these days.) But never fear! While there is no glossary section in this book, terms are defined throughout this resource. Refer to the index for additional reference to the terms. You’re guaranteed to find the term someplace in the book with its corresponding definition.
PMI members can access a comprehensive list of the PMI lexicon on their website: https://www.pmi.org/standards/lexicon. PMI membership has its benefits!
Based on years of teaching this content, this exam prep guide is designed around the Process Group framework to help students confidently grasp and organize the material.
Gaining specialization through Knowledge Areas
A Knowledge Area represents a group of processes related to a specific aspect of project management. Many projects depend on these Knowledge Areas and subject matter experts to provide valuable insights, ensuring all facets of the project are addressed. Here are the ten Knowledge Areas.
Integration management:
Coordination of project elements for unified execution
Scope management:
Defining and controlling what is included in the project
Schedule management:
Planning and managing project timelines
Cost management:
Estimating, budgeting, and controlling project costs
Quality management:
Ensuring deliverables meet required standards
Resource management:
Identifying, acquiring, and managing project resources
Communications management:
Effective dissemination of project information
Risk management:
Identifying and managing project risks
Procurement management:
Managing contracts and external vendor relationships
Stakeholder management:
Engaging and satisfying project stakeholders
I often tell students that a project manager’s knowledge is a mile wide but only an inch deep. This means you know enough to be dangerous — but also enough to know you’re not the expert in everything. Your job is to use that broad knowledge to ask the right questions and tap into the expertise of those who can dig deeper. While the experts focus on the technical details, you focus on managing and coordinating the overall project efforts.
A Knowledge Area that project managers must thoroughly understand and take full responsibility for is Project Integration Management.
Chapter 2
Get Ready For the PMP Exam!
IN THIS CHAPTER
Finding out about the requirements to sit for the exam
Applying for the exam
Focusing on the exam content outline — including the domains
Discovering what’s in the PMBOK Guide
Taking the exam in person versus online
In this chapter, you will explore the qualifications required to sit for the PMP Exam and the best strategies for preparation. These include options for self-paced study, boot camps, and the importance of taking practice exams. Additionally, I will cover some key things you need to know when applying for the exam. Once you are ready to take the exam, I will discuss the choice between taking it at home or at a testing center. Finally, I will cover the PMP Exam domains.
Over the last few years, there has been a surge of interest in the project management field. Many social media “experts” (I use experts lightly) have indicated that transitioning into project management is a no-brainer and that you already possess transferable skills. While that may be true, the Project Management Institute (PMI) has established stringent criteria to determine if you qualify for the exam. I would encourage you to read this chapter to ensure you have the qualifications you need to be ready for this rigorous exam.
Do You Have What It Takes?
To sit for the PMP Exam, you need more than just the desire to take the exam. PMI has rigorous standards and requirements that you must meet to qualify. PMI has established rigorous requirements for candidates to uphold the credibility and value of the PMP certification. These requirements are designed to ensure that individuals with the PMP credential possess standardized knowledge, experience, and competence levels. Maintaining consistent standards makes the PMP certification a reliable indicator of a project manager’s capabilities across industries and geographical boundaries.
Meeting education level and project management experience requirements
PMI has set educational levels and project management experience requirements for PMP aspirants. Here’s a breakdown of the requirements to sit for the exam based on your education level.
If you have a four-year degree, you need the following:
36 months of experience leading projects within the past eight years, and
35 hours of project management education/training or hold the Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) certification.
If you have a high school diploma or associate degree, you need the following:
60 months of experience leading projects within the past eight years, and
35 hours of project management education/training or CAPM certification.
If you have a bachelor’s or postgraduate degree from a GAC-accredited program (bachelor’s or master’s degree, or global equivalent), you need the following:
24 months of experience leading projects within the past eight years
The PMI Global Accreditation Center for Project Management Education Programs (GAC) is the world’s leading specialized accrediting body for project management and related degree programs, accrediting programs at the bachelor’s, postgraduate, and doctorate levels. Established in 2001, they offer over 170 degree programs. For more information, visit https://www.pmi.org/global-accreditation-center/.
Obtaining 35 contact hours of PM education
In addition to the previously mentioned project management experience, applicants must have a minimum of 35 contact hours of formal project management education, unless they hold an active Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) certification. If you are an active CAPM holder, you do not need to provide documentation of the 35 contact hours, as your project management education requirement is waived. GAC core project management coursework is pre-approved to fulfill the 35-contact hours requirement.
The basis of the credential requirements is to ensure that PMP credential-holders display the character and values covered in the following sections.
Demonstrating professional competence
The PMP Exam tests candidates’ understanding of the project management best practices and their ability to apply project management concepts in real-world scenarios. The rigorous eligibility criteria, including education and experience requirements, ensure that candidates have gained sufficient practical exposure to project management. This helps validate your ability to handle complex projects, lead teams, mitigate risks, and deliver successful outcomes.
Meeting industry demand
As the demand for skilled project managers continues to grow, employers and organizations rely on the PMP certification as a reliable indicator of a candidate’s project management expertise. The stringent requirements to sit for the PMP Exam contribute to the certification’s reputation as a trusted credential, enabling employers to make informed decisions in hiring or promoting project management professionals.
Strengthening the profession
The PMP certification plays a pivotal role in advancing the project management profession. By setting high standards, PMI encourages project managers to continuously enhance their skills, stay updated with evolving practices, and contribute to the overall growth and development of the discipline. The stringent requirements act as a driving force, pushing professionals to strive for excellence and contribute to the advancement of project management knowledge.
THE PMI CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
PMI has established a Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct that extends to all PMI members, volunteers, certification holders, and certification applicants.
PMI members have determined that honesty, responsibility, respect, and fairness are the values that drive ethical conduct for the project management profession. PMI’s Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct applies those values to the real-life practice of project management.
Per PMI, “ethics is about making the best possible decisions concerning people, resources, and the environment…[and] the best possible outcome is the most ethical one.” Ethical choices diminish risk, advance positive results, increase trust, contribute to long-term success, and build reputations.
While the topic of ethics is not specifically tested on the exam, you may encounter some questions with an ethical situation that you need to assess to select the most correct PMI answer.
For more information, refer to the PMI webpage Ethics Guidelines and retrieve a copy of the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct: https://www.pmi.org/about/ethics/guidelines.
In order to help you garner the coveted positions and earn 32 percent more than non-PMP credential holders, the stringent requirements for the PMP Exam are essential for maintaining the integrity, value, and reputation of the certification. The requirements ensure that project management professionals possess the necessary knowledge, experience, and competence to meet the challenges of today’s complex projects. By achieving the PMP certification, you join a community of highly skilled professionals committed to excellence in project management.
Welcome to the cool kids’ club.
License and Registration, Please
Okay, applying for the PMP Exam is not that intimidating, but it is a process. PMP aspirants need to submit their work experience in the experience verification section of the online application. This work experience needs to demonstrate that you led and/or directed a project.
Admittedly, documenting your project management experience can seem daunting. However, I assure you that it’s not that cumbersome. Here are some key points about your project management experience that I’ve shared with the 2,500-plus students I’ve taught to date:
Your job title does not have to be “project manager,” but your role on the project has to be where you led and/or managed the project. In my 20 years as a project manager, I’ve never had the official title of project manager, but I assure you I have managed projects.
PMI also states in the PMP Exam Content Outline, that your experience does not necessarily have to be paid work but it does need to be in a professional setting. Think, volunteering with a local professional chapter or for a non-profit organization.
PMI also indicates that activities such as overseeing school projects or planning personal events would not qualify. That means you cannot count planning your wedding or the European family trip as a project, although I would agree, those are massive projects.
Great news! If you’re a U.S. military veteran and you’re eligible for Montgomery GI Bill or Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits, the GI Bill offers financial assistance for PMP certification as well as supplemental education and training. Eligible service members and veterans can use the GI Bill to pay up to $2,000 in fees for certification exams. For additional information or help regarding your eligibility, contact VA 888-GIBILL-1 (888-442-4551). If you are eligible, the following link has specific information on the process and contains the Application for Reimbursement of Licensing or Certification Test Fees (Form 22-0803): www.va.gov/education/about-gi-bill-benefits/how-to-use-benefits/test-fees.
Your project management experience needs to incorporate non-overlapping projects (see Figure 2-1) over the course of 36 months (or 24 or 60 months depending on your educational background). Also, keep in mind that your work experience is tracked in months, not the number of projects. If you managed four projects in 9 months, you will only have the 9 months counted toward the total 36 months (or 60 months) that are necessary, rather than four projects times 9 months, which, coincidentally, equates to 36 months. It doesn’t work that way.
Contact hours of project management education
PMI also requires that you have completed 35 contact hours of project management education. The coursework needs to be completed by the time you submit your application.
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FIGURE 2-1: Overlapping projects.
One hour of classroom instruction equals one contact hour. For instance, if you completed a university course that met for three hours per week for 16 weeks, you can record 48 contact hours (although you only need to record 35 contact hours). If only a portion of the course touched on project management, then you would only record the appropriate hours to be applied toward the total.
Per the current PMI Exam Content Outline, you can fulfill the education requirements by successfully completing courses, workshops, and training sessions offered by various education providers. These providers can include the following:
PMI Authorized Training Partners (ATPs)
PMI chapters
Employer-sponsored programs
Training companies or consultants, such as a training school
Distance-learning companies, provided they include an end-of-course assessment, such as a practice exam
University or college academic and continuing-education programs
Reading this book alone will not meet the education requirements you need. You will need to supplement the valuable information in this book with a course from one of the aforementioned providers. For more details, refer to PMI’s Exam Content Outline, available on their website at pmi.org.
You are not limited to just one type of education provider. You can absolutely accrue the necessary contact hours from more than one source. The Exam Content Outline specifies that education will not be satisfied by merely attending PMI chapter meetings or engaging in self-directed study alone, such as reading books or watching instructional videos that do not include an end-of-course assessment.
Application submission and payment, pretty please
The process time to review and approve your application may take up to five business days. This timeline does not apply if your application has been selected for audit.
Once your application has been approved, your PMI account will be updated with information on the next steps for payment (“Congratulations, your application has been approved. You are now invited to pay…” or something to that effect).
Make your payment to PMI directly based on your membership level. PMI does give you the opportunity to become a member at the time of payment for the exam, and the exam fee will be prorated accordingly.
Many people expect PMI to email them about updates regarding their PMP application or access code to schedule an exam. The truth is, PMI does not. Rather, if during the time of your application you receive an email from PMI, it’s usually to inform you that your application has been selected for audit or your application has been rejected. With this in mind, you should set up a PMI account and get used to checking it on a regular basis.
Once payment is made, it takes PMI a couple of hours to provide an authorization access code that will be populated within your PMI account. Check your account often.
Getting Familiar with PMP Exam Domains
You may have noticed that I’ve mentioned the Exam Content Outline several times in this chapter, but you might still be wondering what it’s all about. The Exam Content Outline is your decoder ring…kind of. Think of the PMP Exam Content Outline as your ultimate study guide, detailing everything you need to focus on to ace the exam. It’s like a roadmap, helping you navigate both the technical and leadership aspects of project management with confidence.
Not only does the outline break down the structure and content of the PMP Exam, but it also covers the certification process and requirements — topics I’ve already tackled in this chapter. It’s designed to give you a balanced approach, ensuring you’re well prepared on all fronts.
The PMP exam is not just a test; it’s a reflection of the ever-evolving nature of project management. PMI recognizes that the roles and responsibilities of project managers continuously evolve with the changing business landscape. To ensure that the PMP exam remains relevant and aligned with the demands of the profession, PMI conducts a rigorous review called a Role Delineation Study (RDS) every three to five years. The RDS aims to assess whether the exam’s contents accurately represent the current realities of the field.
The PMP exam is divided into three domains: People, Process, and Business Environment.
People (42 percent of the exam): Leading and building teams
Project management is ultimately about people — inspiring, guiding, and collaborating with individuals to achieve project goals. This domain emphasizes your ability to effectively lead and manage teams, foster a positive project culture, and engage stakeholders. Mastering this domain will enhance your skills in communication, negotiation, conflict resolution, and team dynamics.
Process (50 percent of the exam): Seeing a project through to completion
The process domain forms the core of project management, encompassing the Knowledge Areas defined in the PMBOK Guide and other reference materials. It emphasizes your understanding of project management processes, from initiating and planning through executing, monitoring, controlling, and ultimately closing a project. You’ll delve into the intricacies of project scope, schedule, cost, quality, risk, procurement, and more, ensuring that projects are executed efficiently and deliver value to stakeholders.
Business Environment (8 percent of the exam): Ensuring compliance and delivering value
Successful project managers grasp the big picture and align their projects within the larger organizational context. This domain focuses on your understanding of the business environment, including compliance requirements, legal and ethical considerations, and the ability to deliver value to the organization and its customers. By comprehending core business strategies, you’ll make informed decisions that contribute to the long-term success of your projects.
To become a truly successful project manager, you must possess the ability to navigate all three domains effectively. By blending your interpersonal skills with a deep understanding of project management processes and a keen awareness of the business environment, you’ll be poised for success — or at least not pulling your hair out.
This book will guide you through each domain, providing in-depth explanations, practical examples, and invaluable tips for exam success.
Some Guidance on the PMBOK Guide
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) is PMI’s flagship publication and also a fundamental resource for effective project management in any industry. The PMBOK Guide holds a significant position as PMI’s premier publication, serving as a fundamental resource for project management practices across industries. Although the PMBOK Guide was originally considered the sole authoritative source for the Project Management Professional (PMP) exam, the landscape has evolved, and the exam now incorporates multiple reference materials.
While the PMBOK Guide remains an essential resource for project management practitioners, it is crucial to acknowledge that it is no longer the exclusive resource for the PMP Exam. PMI recognized the need to align the certification with industry practices and diverse perspectives, leading to the incorporation of additional reference materials into the exam content.
The inclusion of multiple materials in the PMP Exam allows candidates to demonstrate a broader understanding of project management concepts, methodologies, and approaches. By drawing from various sources, the exam aims to assess an individual’s ability to apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios, making the certification more comprehensive and reflective of the challenges faced by project managers today.
Therefore, aspiring PMP candidates should recognize the importance of the PMBOK Guide as a vital foundation for project management knowledge. However, they should also acknowledge the significance of studying and referencing other relevant materials to develop a well-rounded understanding of project management principles and practices.
Getting Ready for the PMP Examination: The Basics
The PMP Exam is brutal — there’s no sugarcoating it. For many, it’s been a long time since they’ve taken a 3-plus hour exam that demands such intense focus and mental effort. Now that I’ve acknowledged that, let’s delve into the details to get you well prepared.
The fee
The current exam fee in the United States is US$425 as a PMI member and US$675 as a non-member. Take my advice and become a PMI member; there are long-term savings. You can cancel or reschedule your exam by contacting Pearson VUE by telephone at least 24 hours in advance of your scheduled exam or online at least 48 hours in advance. The fee to reschedule is US$70.
The PMP Exam fees vary based on your region. If you are taking the exam outside of the United States, the fee will be reflected in your PMI account based on your location when it’s time to pay for the exam. Contact the PMI customer service team directly for more information.
Questions, time, and breaks
The PMP Exam consists of 180 questions, of which 5 are experimental questions. These experimental questions do not affect your score and are used to test the validity of future exam questions. All questions are randomly placed throughout the examination.
The majority of exam question types are multiple-choice questions. However, PMI has incorporated new exam item types to include drag-and-drop questions, hot-area questions, and limited fill-in-the-blank questions. For a list of current item types included in the exam, you can refer to the PMI website for exam updates: https://www.pmi.org/certifications/project-management-pmp/pmp-exam-preparation.
The total time allocated for the exam is 230 minutes (three hours and fifty minutes). Why not just four hours? Who knows. While some individuals may finish sooner, most PMP candidates have reported needing the full 230 minutes.
The PMP Exam now includes two 10-minute breaks. The first break occurs after you have completed and reviewed questions 1 to 60. The second break happens after you have finished and reviewed questions 61 to 120. Please note that once you start your break after reviewing your answers, you cannot return to the previous section’s questions. After each break, you will have the remaining allotted time to complete the remaining sections. In total, you have 230 minutes to answer 180 questions.
The examination is preceded by a tutorial and followed by a survey, both of which are optional and take 5 to 15 minutes to complete. The time used to complete the tutorial and survey is not included in the examination time of 230 minutes.
Results and diagnostic information
In addition to the overall pass/fail status, you will get important diagnostic information on your performance in each domain. This guidance is helpful for both passing and failing candidates. Please note that any score provided at the end of your testing session is preliminary until PMI officially confirms the results.
Candidates who take a center-based examination will receive a copy of their preliminary test results at the test center on the day of the exam. All candidates can access their exam report on the online certification system no later than 10 business days after their examination date. You will receive an email notification when your exam report is available online.
The mysterious passing score
So what’s considered a passing score? Nobody knows. PMI does not disclose what’s considered a passing score.
The passing score for all PMI exams is determined through psychometric analysis. PMI uses subject matter experts — project professionals from around the world and various disciplines — to determine the number of questions you must answer correctly to pass the exam.
The rule of thumb: score 75 percent or better on your practice exams (see the later section about taking practice exams) and you should do fine on the real exam.
Preparation: Boot camp or self-paced course?
When it comes to preparing for the exam, many PMP candidates often ask whether they should pursue self-paced study or consider the pricier boot camp options. The answer depends on how you learn best. Many self-paced study options are available, including online learning platforms and massive open online courses (MOOCs). If you are self-disciplined, can stick to a schedule, and need a budget-friendly option, self-paced study might be the best choice for you.
On the other hand, boot camps offer an intensive, structured learning experience designed to get results quickly. These programs are typically strenuous and aim to prepare you to take the exam within four to six weeks after completion. Personally, I prefer boot camps if I have the budget or if my employer covers the cost. The focused setting of a boot camp allows you to concentrate solely on the content without distractions, and the investment motivates you to achieve your goal. However, the choice is entirely up to you.
To best prepare for the PMP Exam, it’s essential to understand your learning style. Some individuals thrive in boot camps, benefiting from intensive, short-term preparation, while others prefer a longer, more gradual study approach. Additionally, some learners gain more from group discussions, whereas others find reading alone more effective. Understand your strengths and preferences, and choose the method that works best for you.
Practice exams, practice exams, practice exams
Regardless of which route you take to achieve your education hours (boot camp versus self-paced course), I cannot overemphasize the value and importance of taking practice exams as the key to your success with the PMP Exam. Practice exams help you understand what it’s like to take a timed exam, experience the pressure, and see how you perform in a time-constrained environment. Many students who are unsuccessful with the exam often report having taken few or no practice exams (say what, now?). Familiarizing yourself with the types of questions, observing how you react under pressure, and identifying your pain points are invaluable, sometimes even more so than reading a book. However, please keep reading my book.
When students practice answering questions, even incorrectly, before learning the content, their future learning is enhanced. Research has shown that pre-testing improves post-test results more than spending the same amount of time studying. So there.
Taking practice exams is a helpful way to get familiar with the types of questions and topics you need to know for the PMP Exam. Be sure to take advantage of the online practice exam questions included with this book (see the introduction for more information).
Keep in mind that the practice questions are just that — practice. They are not the exact questions you will encounter on the real exam. Think of the practice questions as a diagnostic tool to test your knowledge of the PMP Exam content and to help you get into the PMI mindset.
Often, boot camp training providers include access to a test bank of practice questions, which may be worth the investment.
