Revise for Cambridge University Certificates of English: A 500-Hundered Key Work Transformation Revision: (For First B2, Advanced C1 & Proficiency C2) E-Book

Ricardo Madureira

• Herausgeber: Editora Appris
• Kategorie: Bildung
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 193

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

Revise for Cambridge University Certificates of English: A 500-Hundered Key Work Transformation Revision: (for First B2, Advanced C1 & Proficiency C2) Are you a candidate for one of Cambridge Exams above? In this book, you will find: * 150 Key Word Transformation sentences for First (B2); * 175 KWT sentences for Advanced (C1) & * 175 KWT sentences for Proficiency (C2). Ideal to brush up on your English a few days before sitting the official exam, by refreshing strategies to deal effectively with this section of the paper "Use of English".  Answer key to all of the TKT sentences, plus explanatory NOTES on:  (-near) synonyms and (near-) antonyms  word formation  collocation  and other relevant aspects of the English language. The book concludes with 10 Language Boosters and a Word List: 1 – Advanced Vocabulary for Michigan ECPE, Toefl and Ielts 2 – Phrasal Verbs (Upper, Advanced and Proficiency) 3 – Idioms (by themes) 4 – Binomials (collocation) 5 – Dependent Prepositions (nouns and adjectives) 6 – Dependent Prepositions (verbs) 7 – Do or Make? (Collocation) 8 – Rare English Words 9 – Similar Expressions in English and Portuguese 10 – False (and True) Friends (Cognates) 11 – Word List (Extra Vocabulary from Answer Key)

Leseprobe

Summary

KWT 1 TO 150

FIRST (B2)

KWT 151 TO 325

ADVANCED (C1)

KWT 326 TO 500

PROFICIENCY (C2)

ANSWER KEY

FIRST (B2)

ADVANCED (C1)

C2 – PROFICIENCY

LANGUAGE BOOSTERS 1 TO 10

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 1

Advanced Vocabulary for Michigan Proficiency (C2), IELTS and TOEFL*

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 2

COMMON PHRASAL VERBS AT B2, C1 & C2

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 3

IDIOMS (BY THEMES)

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 4

BINOMIALS

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 5

DEPEDENT PREPOSITIONS (NOUNS, ADJECTIVES & VERBS)

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 6

VERBS WITH DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 7

DO OR MAKE?

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 8

RARE WORDS

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 9

SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE

LANGUAGE BOOSTER 10

FALSE (AND TRUE) FRIENDS

WORD LIST

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Pontos de referência

Cover

Sumário

Revise for Cambridge University Certificates of English

A 500-Hundered Key Work Transformation Revision(for First B2, Advanced C1 & Proficiency C2)

Editora Appris Ltda.

1.ª Edição - Copyright© 2024 do autor

Direitos de Edição Reservados à Editora Appris Ltda.

Nenhuma parte desta obra poderá ser utilizada indevidamente, sem estar de acordo com a Lei nº 9.610/98. Se incorreções forem encontradas, serão de exclusiva responsabilidade de seus organizadores. Foi realizado o Depósito Legal na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional, de acordo com as Leis nos 10.994, de 14/12/2004, e 12.192, de 14/01/2010.Catalogação na Fonte

Elaborado por: Josefina A. S. Guedes

Bibliotecária CRB 9/870

M183r - 2024

Madureira, Ricardo

Revise for Cambridge University certificates of english: a 500-hundered key work transformation revision (for First B2, Advanced C1 & Proficiency C2)

Ricardo Madureira.

1. ed. – Curitiba: Appris, 2024.

[recurso eletrônico]

1 arquivo digital : EPUB

Inclui referências.

ISBN 978-65-250-5825-2

1. Língua inglesa – Estudo e ensino. 2. Certificados. 3. Universidade de Cambridge.

I. Título. II. Série.

CDD – 428.24

Editora e Livraria Appris Ltda.

Av. Manoel Ribas, 2265 – Mercês

Curitiba/PR – CEP: 80810-002

Tel. (41) 3156 - 4731

www.editoraappris.com.br

Printed in Brazil

Impresso no Brasil

Ricardo Madur eira

Revise for Cambridge University Certificates of English

A 500-Hundered Key Work Transformation Revision(for First B2, Advanced C1 & Proficiency C2)

ficha técnica

Editorial

Augusto Coelho

Sara C. de Andrade Coelho

Marli Caetano

Comitê editorial

Ana El Achkar (UNIVERSO/RJ)

Andréa Barbosa Gouveia (UFPR)

Conrado Moreira Mendes (PUC-MG)

Eliete Correia dos Santos (UEPB)

Fabiano Santos (UERJ/IESP)

Francinete Fernandes de Sousa (UEPB)

Francisco Carlos Duarte (PUCPR)

Francisco de Assis (Fiam-Faam, SP, Brasil)

Jacques de Lima Ferreira (UP)

Juliana Reichert Assunção Tonelli (UEL)

Maria Aparecida Barbosa (USP)

Maria Helena Zamora (PUC-Rio)

Maria Margarida de Andrade (Umack)

Marilda Aparecida Behrens (PUCPR)

Roque Ismael da Costa Güllich (UFFS)

Toni Reis (UFPR)

Valdomiro de Oliveira (UFPR)

Valério Brusamolin (IFPR)

SUPERVISOR DA PRODUÇÃO

Renata Cristina Lopes Miccelli

PRODUÇÃO EDITORIAL

William Rodrigues e Adrielli de Almeida

Revisão técnica

Bruna Fernanda Martins

Diagramação

Bruno Ferreira Nascimento

capa

Julie Lopes

PRESENTATION

OVERVIEW

The Key Word Transformation sentences (from now on, KWTs) from the paper Use of English can be quite challenging, as the reader is probably already familiar with. I have written this book as a tool to help candidates brush up on what they have already studied, so that they feel more confident when sitting the official examinations.

Structure

This book contains 500 KWTs, distributed as follows:

•Sentences 1 to 150: First Certificate in English (B2, upper-intermediate)

•Sentences 151 to 325: Certificate in Advanced English (C1) &

•Sentences 326-500: Certificate of Proficiency in English (C2) (post-advanced)

Even if you are currently at one of the advanced levels (C1/C2), we highly recommend that you start by doing the B2 sentences (First), as they may serve as a warm-up for the more complex sentences ahead (Advanced and Proficiency). Furthermore, revising is always advisable if you are serious about obtaining your Cambridge certificate. It is not uncommon for more advanced learners to make mistakes at lower levels.

How to Use the Book

Do the KTWs

We suggest that you study the book in the same order as the sentence items appear, as there is no particular gradation of any kind. At any rate, since some of the questions may be a little difficult (or complex, if you will), we would recommend that you plan in advance how many questions you want to answer in a seating.

We may suggest that you do between 6 (actual number of items in the exams) and 10 sentences at a time, considering that you still need to check your answers and possibly do some search to wrap the whole revising process up. If you do not wish to study to such a plan, at least make sure you stop when your powers of concentration start to weaken, since resting also plays an important part in the learning process.

Check Your Answers

After that, check your answers in the Answer Key at the end of the book, evaluate your progress, making adaptations to your study plan (if at all necessary) as you move on.

Follow-up

You might want to take a look at the explanatory notes that follow some of the answers. These are comments on grammar, spelling, (near-) synonyms and (near-) antonyms, collocation patterns, word formation and/or other general relevant aspects of the English language. Again, even if your answer is correct, as an ambitious candidate/learner, you may well benefit from reading such notes, even if at a brief, quick glance.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I have drawn on the expertise of many experienced coursebook authors, whose work has inspired me to create my own KWTs. Credit has been given to such authors in the bibliography at the end of the book. If there remains any failure on our part to do so, do not hesitate to point that out to us. We will be glad to include it in a possible future printed new edition or e-book version.

Piloting

The exercises have been tested at to feasibility by some volunteer “pilots”, students attending High School/technical courses at IF Sudeste de Minas Gerais, campus Juiz de Fora, where I work as a teacher of English (and Portuguese). Here they are, in alphabetical order:

David Lessa

He holds the First Certificate in English (B2), from Cambridge University (UK), in which he managed to achieve the C1 level (advanced) for outstanding performance. D. Lessa contributed by answering some samples from the FCE (B2) items. He is a senior, distinguished student who is about to complete High School.

Update: D. Lessa is now enrolled on the course “Control and Automation Engineering” at UFMG (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais).

Mariana Itaborahy

Mariana is a candidate for First (B2) herself and my assistant to the subject of English. She helps me with students with remedial needs. She got this post by being selected in a rigorous process by means of an examination based on Cambridge tests. She also contributed by answering some of the FCE sentences.

Max Jabour

Max A. Giancoli Jabour attended a private English course. After finishing it, he was certified by Cambridge University with the LinguaSkillCertificate, described as C1 (advanced or above). He contributed to this project by answering some samples from FCE and Advanced (C1). Max is a self-motivated student/learner who aims really high.

Proofreading

Last but not least, I have also counted on the outstanding contribution of my colleague and friend, English teacher José Ricardo Tarôco, as proofreader, who read the whole original and made suggestions, such as improving a sentence or providing another possible answer to an item, among other priceless contributions.

José Ricardo Tarôco

J. R. Tarôco has a degree in “Letras”, from Universidade de Uberaba (MG) and is post-graduated (latu sensu) in Linguistics from Unyleia. He holds all the certificates from the Cambridge main suite (from beginning to CPE, post-advanced, C2), as well as the TKT (Teaching Knowledge Certificate), also from Cambridge University. He is experienced in teaching English to students of all ages, including candidates for Cambridge exams.

Note on the Answers

As far as possible, every effort has been made to ensure that there is only one answer to each item. However, when more than one answer is possible, this has been shown. If you come up with an answer that is completely different from the one(s) given, but you are not sure that it is correct, we would encourage you to write to the publishing house, which will refer your inquiry to the author, who will be glad to help sort it out. If the reader’s contribution is also an acceptable answer, we may consider including it in a future edition (whether in print or e-book), giving credit to the contributors.

Dedication Notes

To my mother (in memoriam), my first teacher, beyond school subjects, for always being there for me and for always believing in me.

To the contributors who took part in the piloting process and proofreading, for their availability, enthusiasm and kindness.

To you, the reader/candidate, who has decided to purchase this book hoping to obtain your Cambridge certificate. I wish you the best of luck!

I hope you enjoy studying this book as much as I have enjoyed writing it.

Best wishes,

Ricardo Madureira

PORT OF ENTRY

You may look forward to reaching your final destination, believing there is where, at long last, you will find happiness, or whatever else you are looking for, but you may well find out that there could be a lot of joy and pleasures along the way, if you would only keep your eyes (and spirit) wide open!

ÍTACA

Konstantinos Kaváfis

Greek Poet (1863-1933)

Quando partires em tua jornada a Ítaca

faz votos de que seja longo o caminho,

cheio de aventuras e de descobertas.

Os Lestrigões e os Ciclopes,

o irascível Poseidon, não os temas,

pois não os encontrarás no caminho,

se elevado é teu pensamento, se única é

a emoção que aflora em teu espírito.

Os Lestrigões e os Ciclopes,

o irascível Poseidon, não os encontrarás,

se já os não levas, desde a partida, em tua alma,

se tua alma já os não traz dentro de ti.

Faz votos de que seja longo o caminho.

Que sejam muitas as manhãs de verão,

quando, com que prazer, com que júbilo,

chegarás a portos nunca d’antes vistos;

Vai aos mercados fenícios

e compra maravilhosas mercadorias,

nácares e corais, âmbares e ébanos

e toda a espécie de perfumes inebriantes,

compra deles tanto quanto possível;

Vai a muitas cidades egípcias,

e aprende, sem cessar, com seus sábios.

Guarda Ítaca em teu pensamento, sempre,

Pois é teu destino ali aportar.

Mas não tenhas pressa em tua jornada.

Que a viagem dure muitos e muitos anos

e que, quando já velho, ancores na ilha,

rico com tudo que ganhaste no caminho,

não esperes que Ítaca te receba com riquezas.

Ítaca deu-te a bela viagem.

Sem ela, jamais te porias a caminho.

Nada mais tem ela a oferecer-te.

Acaso a encontres pobre, Ítaca não te enganou:

Sábio como te tornaste, com tanta bagagem,

Hás de ter compreendido então o que significam Ítacas.

(Nossa tradução livre, para o português, da versão em inglês, cuja autoria é de Daniel Mendelsohn)

KWT 1 to 150

First (B2)

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, as in the example.

→ You must use between 2 and 5 words.

→ Do not change the key word in any way. (given in brackets, capital letters, bold type).

→ Short forms (isn’t, don’t, didn’t, won’t, couldn’t… etc.) count as two words (you may use either one). The genitive (Peter’s, children’s, today’s… etc.) counts as one word only.

Example:

I don’t know the answer, so I can’t help you. (WOULD)

If I ________________ help you.

Answer key 🗝 If I knew the answer, I would help you.

1. The plane took off before I got to the airport. (ALREADY)

When I got to the airport, the plane ________________ off.

2. I didn’t understand what he said because he spoke very fast. (TOO)

He spoke ________________ understand what he said.

3. He will never come here again. (LAST)

This is the ____________________________here.

4. Do you think you can convince him to take part in the scheme? (INTO)

Do you think you can talk ________________part in the scheme?

5. I persuaded her not to take part in the fraudulent scheme. (OUT)

I _________________ part in the fraudulent scheme.

6. I bought this car two years ago. (HAD)

I ________________ two years.

7. I’m dying to go on a tour of Brazil. (FORWARD)

I am ________________ on a tour of Brazil.

8. When she was younger, Ann didn’t like to read. (USE)

Ann ________________ when she was younger.

9. I’ve had English classes since the beginning of the year. (STUDYING)

I ____________________ English since the beginning of the year.

10. I’ve never tried snails before. (HAVE)

This is the first time I ____________________snails.

11. Danny spoke to Paula, and then she found out he had had an accident. (UNTIL)

Paula didn’t find out Danny had ________________________spoke to her.

12. She really regrets not having enrolled for the examination. (WISHES)

She ________________________for the examination.

13. John decided to go to bed because he was utterly exhausted. (THAT)

John was ____________________ he decided to go to bed.

14. I kept trying, but I knew it was no use. (EVEN)

I kept trying, ____________________________ I knew it was no use.

15. ‘Well done for passing your finals, Susan’, said her teacher. (CONGRATULATED)

Susan ________________________________finals by her teacher.

16. ‘I didn’t help you because you lied to me,’ he said. (HELPED)

‘I ____________________ you hadn’t lied to me,’ he said.

17. If you had told me, I might have been able to help you. (ONLY)

If ____________________ told me, I might have been able to help you.

18. This is the first time Richard has visited Brazil. (VISIT)

This is Richard’s ________________________ to Brazil.

19. Sandra and Paul were arguing fiercely when I arrived. (ARGUMENT)

Sandra was ____________________________ Paul when I arrived.

20. Those children’s parents live near me. (WHOSE)

Those are ________________________ live near me.

21. Given the circumstances, the only thing we could do was help. (BUT)

We had ____________________________ help.

22. My motorbike is in very bad condition, so it won’t last much longer. (SUCH)

My motorbike is ________________ it won’t last much longer.

23. It was careless of us to leave without closing the windows. (SHOULD)

We ________________________ the windows before we left.

24. If the sun is shining, we’re going to the beach at the weekend. (UNLESS)

We’re going to the beach at the weekend, ____________________shining.

25. We’re going to the beach, unless it is raining. (NOT)

We’re going to the beach if ____________________________raining.

26. Do you have any plans for the weekend? (GOING)

What ____________________________ at the weekend?

27. We will get to the cinema after the beginning of the film. (HAVE)

By the time we get to the cinema, ________________________begun.

28. ‘Does this bus go to the university?’ (GOES)

Could you tell me ________________________________to the university?

29. He said, ‘I’ll give you a lift to work.’ (ME)

He said he ____________________________________a lift to work.

30. ‘That’s false! I’ve never been expelled from school,’ said Tina. (HAVING)

Tina denied ________________________ from school.

31. We haven’t been to the cinema for ages. (SINCE)

It’s ages ________________________ to the cinema.

32. The last time I was in Paris was in 2015. (BEEN)

I ________________________ Paris since 2015.

33. This is my first experience as an air traveller. (NEVER)

I ________________________ by plane before.

34. When did they start to go out together? (GOING)

How ____________________________out together?

35. I will have to manage without taking a holiday abroad this year. (DO)

I will have to ____________________ a holiday abroad this year.

36. I haven’t found time to answer your e-mail yet. (ROUND)

I still haven’t ________________________ your e-mail yet.

37. The hotel’s service was atrocious, but the meals were sumptuous. (MADE)

The hotel’s sumptuous meals ____________________________its atrocious service.

38. ‘I’m afraid I’m a bit indisposed to go out, Sally,’ answered Joe. (UP)

Joe told sally he was ____________________________ out.

39. After working hard, I was eager to have a substantial meal. (MOOD)

After working hard, I was ____________________________a substantial meal.

40. You should’ve already learned to defend yourself by now. (STAND)

It’s high time you ________________________ yourself.

41. On my way back home from work, I paid a friend a short visit. (CALLED)

I ________________________ a friend on my way back home from work.

42. I almost never get the recognition I think I deserve. (DO)

Seldom ________________________ the recognition I think I deserve.

43. I realised only then that I had lost my wallet. (REALISE)

Only then ________________________ that I had lost my wallet.

44. Never forget to close the windows under any circumstances. (SHOULD)

Under ____________________________________to close the windows.

45. ‘I will not tolerate your unacceptable behaviour any longer,’ my father said to me. (PUT)

My father said to me that he would ________________________my unacceptable behaviour.

46. We don’t have much time left, so we’d better work faster. (RUNNING)

We’d better work faster because we’re ____________________time.

47. The student didn’t once offer his teacher a word of apology. (OFFER)

Not ____________________________his teacher a word of apology.

48. Putting myself in your situation, I’d look for medical help. (WERE)

If ________________________, I’d look for medical help.

49. Under no circumstances should this door be opened during the flight. (NOT)

This door should ____________________ circumstances during the flight.

50. Have you thought of a solution to the problem yet? (COME)

Have you ________________________ a solution to the problem yet?

51. If the weather isn’t favourable, we’ll cancel the match. (OFF)

If the weather isn’t favourable, we’ll ________________________the match.

52. I’ll give you a guided tour of the city, what do you think? (AROUND)

Shall ____________________________ the city?

53. How about postponing the meeting until next week? (PUTTING)

How about ________________________ until next week?

54. ‘Keep our secret to yourself, will you?’ Susan asked her friend. (GIVE)

Susan asked her friend ____________________ away.

55. I think Joe has eaten less chocolate because he’s much fitter now. (CUT)

Joe ____________________ chocolate because he’s much fitter now.

56. My teacher suggested I should study languages to enhance my memory. (ADVISED)

I ________________________ languages to enhance my memory by my teacher.

57. The novel was so exciting that I just couldn’t put it down. (SUCH)

It ____________________________ that I just couldn’t put it down.

58. Students quite often arrive late. (COMMON)

It ____________________________ to arrive early.

59. Henry doesn’t find it strange to work in groups any more. (USED)

Henry has ____________________________ in groups now.

60. I’m looking forward to going on holiday. (DYING)

I ____________________________ on holiday.

61. Studying hard is a new experience for her. (USED)

She has ____________________________ hard yet.

62. Did she study hard when she was at university? (USE)

Did ________________________ hard when she was at university?

63. Jane always found it difficult to give her students a scold. (USED)

Jane just couldn’t ____________________________ her students a scold.

64. I badly need a holiday. I’m completely worn out. (DO)

I could ____________________ a holiday. I’m completely worn out.

65. They had their house redecorated, and then moved in. (UP)

They ________________________, and then moved in.

66. The government has promised to abolish capital punishment. (AWAY)

The government has promised to ________________________capital punishment.

67. I don’t usually go out at weekends. (UNUSUAL)

It is ____________________________ out at weekends.

68. When I was a kid, I usually walked to school. (WOULD)

When I was a kid, I ________________________ to school.

69. Before then, the children had never had to put their toys away. (EVER)

That was the first time the children ________________________to put their toys away.

70. How long will it be before you’ve finished your homework? (TAKE)

How long ____________________________ to finish your homework?

71. I’m finding it difficult to get all my work done punctually. (DIFFICULTY)

I ____________________________ all my work done punctually.

72. I have never read a better book than this one. (FAR)

This ________________________________ I have read.

73. ‘The manager will investigate your complaints as soon as possible,’ the receptionist told me. (LOOKED)

I was told by the receptionist that my complaints ____________________________ the manager as soon as possible.

74. Last year, unfavourable weather conditions caused the postponement of the championship. (BECAUSE)

Last year, the championship ____________________________ unfavourable weather conditions.

75. Jonh does not want to continue to work for this company any more. (CARRY)

John no ____________________________ working for this company.

76. The rate of crime has not increased so far this year. (INCREASE)

There ________________________________ the rate of crime so far this year.

77. I cannot get all my suitcases into the baggage compartment. (BIG)

The baggage compartment is ________________________ take all my suitcases.

78. I couldn’t get to school on time because of the slow traffic. (PREVENTED)

The slow traffic ____________________ to school on time.

79. He tiptoed into the house very quietly so that he wouldn’t wake up anyone. (AVOID)

He tiptoed into the house very quietly so ____________________________ up.

80. Sam studied really hard so that she would get a good grade. (ORDER)

Sam studied really hard ____________________________a good grade.

81. I think this rain has come to stay for the weekend. (SET)

I think this rain has ________________________________for the weekend.

82. You have to fill in this form by Friday at the latest. (FILLED)

This form ________________________ by Friday at the latest.

83. He trained very hard in order to be fit for the competition. (WOULD)

He trained very hard so ____________________ fit for the competition.

84. You shouldn’t eat chocolate if you’re on a diet. (OUGHT)

You ____________________________ chocolate if you’re on a diet.

85. Candidates shouldn’t leave the examination room without permission. (ALLOWED)

Candidates ________________________ the examination room without permission.

86. I think she should start doing physical exercise immediately. (HAD)

I think she ________________________ physical exercise immediately.

87. ‘You must leave immediately, Sarah!’ said the teacher. (HAD)

The teacher told Sarah ____________________________immediately.

88. Stop interrupting me, will you? It’s so annoying! (WISH)

I ____________________________ interrupting me.

89. It wasn’t necessary for us to resit the test, but we did. (NEEDN’T)

We ____________________________ the test, but we did.

90. Mike is late. Perhaps he missed the bus. (MIGHT)

Mike is late. He ________________________ the bus.

91. I was supposed to leave earlier, but that wasn’t possible. (LEFT)

I was to ____________________________ earlier, but that wasn’t possible.

92. I’m sure it wasn’t him that you saw. He’s gone to Rome on holiday. (CAN’T)

It ____________________________ you saw. He’s gone to Rome on holiday.

93. I’m almost sure I’ve left my keys back at the office. (MUST)

I ________________________ my keys back at the office.

94. Candidates are welcome to contact us if they need more information. (TOUCH)

‘Candidates, feel comfortable to ________________________ us if you need more information,’ she told us.

95. I didn’t buy the book because it was too expensive. (BOUGHT)

I ____________________________ the book if it hadn’t been so expensive.

96. During the examination, I just couldn’t think of the correct answer to the question. (COME)

During the examination, I was not ________________________ the correct answer to the question.

97. We continued to walk despite heavy snow starting to fall. (EVEN)

We kept on ____________________________ started to snow heavily.

98. Almost all the tickets for the play on Broadway have been sold. (HARDLY)

There are ____________________________ for the play on Broadway.

99. Do you think it is likely that Rob will pass the exams he has signed up for? (CHANCE)