Smith's Elements of Soil Mechanics E-Book

Ian Smith

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 688

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

The 9th edition maintains the content on all soil mechanics subject areas - groundwater flow, soil physical properties, stresses, shear strength, consolidation and settlement, slope stability, retaining walls, shallow and deep foundations, highways, site investigation - but has been expanded to include a detailed explanation of how to use Eurocode 7 for geotechnical design. The key change in this new edition is the expansion of the content covering Geotechnical Design to Eurocode 7. Redundant material relating to the now defunct British Standards - no longer referred to in degree teaching - has been removed. Building on the success of the earlier editions, this 9th edition of Smith's Elements of Soil Mechanics brings additional material on geotechnical design to Eurocode 7 in an understandable format. Many worked examples are included to illustrate the processes for performing design to this European standard. Significant updates throughout the book have been made to reflect other developments in procedures and practices in the construction and site investigation industries. More worked examples and many new figures have been provided throughout. The illustrations have been improved and the new design and layout of the pages give a lift. * unique content to illustrate the use of Eurocode 7 with essential guidance on how to use the now fully published code * clear content and well-organised structure * takes complicated theories and processes and presents them in easy-to-understand formats * book's website offers examples and downloads to further understanding of the use of Eurocode 7 href="http://www.wiley.com/go/smith/soil">www.wiley.com/go/smith/soil

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title page

Copyright page

About the Author

Preface

Notation Index

About the Companion Website

Chapter 1: Classification and Physical Properties of Soils

1.1    Agricultural and Engineering Soil

1.2    Engineering Definitions

1.3    Clay Soils

1.4    Field Identification of Soils

1.5    Laboratory Classification of Soils

1.6    Activity of a Clay

1.7    Soil Classification and Description

1.8    Soil Properties

Chapter 2: Permeability and Flow of Water in Soils

2.1    Subsurface Water

2.2    Flow of Water Through Soils

2.3    Darcy's Law of Saturated Flow

2.4    Coefficient of Permeability, k

2.5    Determination of Permeability in the Laboratory

2.6    Determination of Permeability in the Field

2.7    Approximation of Coefficient of Permeability

2.8    General Differential Equation of Flow

2.9    Potential and Stream Functions

2.10    Flow Nets

2.11    Critical Flow Conditions

2.12    Design of Soil Filters

2.13    Capillarity and Unsaturated Soils

2.14    Earth Dams

2.15    Seepage Through Non-uniform Soil Deposits

Chapter 3: Total and Effective Stress

3.1    State of Stress in a Soil Mass

3.2    Total Stress

3.3    Pore Pressure

3.4    Effective Stress

3.5    Stresses Induced by Applied Loads

Chapter 4: Shear Strength of Soils

4.1    Friction

4.2    Complex Stress

4.3    The Mohr Circle Diagram

4.4    Cohesion

4.5    Coulomb's Law of Soil Shear Strength

4.6    Modified Coulomb's Law

4.7    The Mohr–Coulomb Yield Theory

4.8    Determination of the Shear Strength Parameters

4.9    Determination of the Shear Strength Parameters from Triaxial Testing

4.10    The Pore Pressure Coefficients A and B

4.11    The Triaxial Extension Test

4.12    Behaviour of Soils Under Shear

4.13    Operative Strengths of Soils

4.14    The Critical State

4.15    Sensitivity of Clays

4.16    Residual Strength of Soil

Chapter 5: Eurocode 7

5.1    Introduction to the Structural Eurocodes

5.2    Introduction to Eurocode 7

5.3    Using Eurocode 7: Basis of Geotechnical Design

5.4    Geotechnical Design by Calculation

5.5    Ultimate Limit States

5.6    The EQU Limit State

5.7    The GEO Limit State and Design Approaches

5.8    Serviceability Limit States

5.9    Geotechnical Design Report

Chapter 6: Site Investigation

6.1    EN 1997-2:2007 – Ground Investigation and Testing

6.2    Planning of Ground Investigations

6.3    Site Exploration Methods

6.4    Soil and Rock Sampling

6.5    Groundwater Measurements

6.6    Field Tests in Soil and Rock

6.7    Geotechnical Reports

Chapter 7: Lateral Earth Pressure

7.1    Earth Pressure at Rest

7.2    Active and Passive Earth Pressure

7.3    Rankine's Theory: Granular Soils, Active Earth Pressure

7.4    Rankine's Theory: Granular Soils, Passive Earth Pressure

7.5    Rankine's Theory: Cohesive Soils

7.6    Coulomb's Wedge Theory: Active Earth Pressure

7.7    Coulomb's Wedge Theory: Passive Earth Pressure

7.8    Surcharges

7.9    Choice of Method for Determination of Active Pressure

7.10    Backfill Material

7.11    Influence of Wall Yield on Design

7.12    Design Parameters for Different Soil Types

Chapter 8: Retaining Structures

8.1    Main Types of Retaining Structures

8.2    Gravity Walls

8.3    Embedded Walls

8.4    Failure Modes of Retaining Structures

8.5    Design of Gravity Retaining Walls

8.6    Design of Sheet Pile Walls

8.7    Braced Excavations

8.8    Reinforced Soil

8.9    Soil Nailing

Chapter 9: Bearing Capacity and Shallow Foundations

9.1    Bearing Capacity Terms

9.2    Types of Foundation

9.3    Ultimate Bearing Capacity of a Foundation

9.4    Determination of the Safe Bearing Capacity

9.5    The Effect of Groundwater on Bearing Capacity

9.6    Developments in Bearing Capacity Equations

9.7    Designing Spread Foundations to Eurocode 7

9.8    Non-Homogeneous Soil Conditions

9.9    Estimates of Bearing Capacity from

in

s

itu

Testing

Chapter 10: Pile Foundations

10.1    Introduction

10.2    Classification of Piles

10.3    Method of Installation

10.4    Pile Load Testing

10.5    Determination of the Bearing Capacity of a Pile

10.6    Designing Pile Foundations to Eurocode 7

10.7    Pile Groups

Chapter 11: Foundation Settlement and Soil Compression

11.1    Settlement of a Foundation

11.2    Immediate Settlement

11.3    Consolidation Settlement

11.4    Application of Consolidation Test Results

11.5    General Consolidation

11.6    Eurocode 7 Serviceability Limit State

11.7    Isotropic Consolidation

11.8    Two-Dimensional Stress Paths

Chapter 12: Rate of Foundation Settlement

12.1    Analogy of Consolidation Settlement

12.2    Distribution of the Initial Excess Pore Pressure, u

i

12.3    Terzaghi's Theory of Consolidation

12.4    Average Degree of Consolidation

12.5    Drainage Path Length

12.6    Determination of the Coefficient of Consolidation, c

v

, from the Consolidation Test

12.7    Determination of the Permeability Coefficient from the Consolidation Test

12.8    Determination of the Consolidation Coefficient from the Triaxial Test

12.9    The Model Law of Consolidation

12.10    Consolidation during Construction

12.11    Consolidation by Drainage in Two and Three Dimensions

12.12    Numerical Determination of Consolidation Rates

12.13    Construction Pore Pressures in an Earth Dam

12.14    Numerical Solutions for Two- and Three-Dimensional Consolidation

12.15    Sand Drains

Chapter 13: Stability of Slopes

13.1    Planar Failures

13.2    Rotational Failures

13.3    Slope Stability Design Charts

13.4    Wedge Failure

13.5    Slope Stability Analysis to Eurocode 7

Chapter 14: Compaction and Soil Mechanics Aspects of Highway Design

14.1    Field Compaction of Soils

14.2    Laboratory Compaction of Soils

14.3    Specification of the Field Compacted Density

14.4    Field Measurement Tests

14.5    Highway Design

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Table 1.1    British Soil Classification System for Engineering Purposes (after BS 5930: 1999).

Table 4.1    Compression of saturated soils.

Table 4.2    Results of triaxial compression tests on normally consolidated clay samples (after Parry, 1960).

Table 4.3    Sensitivity classification.

Table 5.1    Partial factor sets for EQU, GEO and STR limit states.

Table 6.1    Guidance values for spacing and pattern of investigation points.

Table 6.2    Guidance values for depth (z

a

) of investigation points.

Table 6.3    Quality classes of soil samples for laboratory testing and sampling categories to be used (after BS EN 1997-2:2007).

Table 6.4    Sampling categories for different soil types.

Table 6.5    Correction factors for overburden effective vertical stress, .

Table 6.6    Correction factors for rod length in sands.

Table 6.7    Correlation between Normalised blow count (N

1

)

60

and density index I

D

.

Table 7.1    Values of K

a

and K

ac

for a cohesive soil for

β

 = 0,

ψ

 = 90°.

Table 7.2    Values of K

p

for cohesionless soils (Kerisel and Absi, 1990).

Table 7.3    Values of K

p

and K

pc

for a cohesive soil for

β

 = 0;

ψ

 = 90°.

Table 7.4    Values of K

p

and K

pc

(after Sokolovski, 1960).

Table 8.1    Acceptable F

p

values for ranges of

ϕ

′ (Padfield and Mair, 1984).

Table 8.2    Values of

γ

G; fav

and

γ

Re

for each design approach.

Table 8.3    Values of

γ

G; fav

,

γ

G; unfav

and

γ

Re

for each design approach.

Table 9.1    Bearing capacity factors in common use.

Table 9.2    Presumed safe bearing capacity, q

s

, values (based on BS 8004: 1986).

Table 9.3    Undrained shear strength of cohesive soils.

Table 10.1    Typical values for

δ

and K

s

suggested by Broms (1966).

Table 10.2A    Correlation factors – static load tests results (from EN1997-1:2004, Table A9).

Table 10.2B    Correlation factors – static load tests results (from NA to BS EN1997-1:2004, Table A.NA.9).

Table 10.3A    Piles in compression: partial factor sets R1, R2, R3 and R4 (from EN1997-1:2004, Tables A6, A7 and A8).

Table 10.3B    Piles in compression: partial factor sets R1, R2, R3 and R4 (from NA to BS EN1997-1:2004, Tables A.NA.6, A.NA.7 and A.NA.8).

Table 10.4A    Correlation factors – ground tests results (from EN1997-1:2004, Table A10).

Table 10.4B    Correlation factors – ground tests results (from NA to BS EN1997-1:2004, Table A.NA.10).

Table 11.1    Values of N

p

.

Table 11.2    Values of I

p

.

Table 11.3    m

v

ranges for different soil types.

Table 11.4    Values of

α

.

Table 14.1    Equilibrium suction-index CBR values. Reproduced from TRRL Report LR1132 (1984).

List of Illustrations

Fig. 1.1    Materials encountered during excavation.

Fig. 1.2    Example 1.2.

Fig. 1.3    Shear stress/deformation relationships at different water contents.