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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Test your C++ programming skills by solving real-world programming problems covered in the book
Key Features
- Solve a variety of real-world programming and logic problems by leveraging the power of C++17
- Test your skills in using language features, algorithms, data structures, design patterns, and more
- Explore areas such as cryptography, communication, and image handling in C++
Book Description
C++ is one of the most widely-used programming languages and has applications in a variety of fields, such as gaming, GUI programming, and operating systems, to name a few. Through the years, C++ has evolved into (and remains) one of the top choices for software developers worldwide. This book will show you some notable C++ features and how to implement them to meet your application needs. Each problem is unique and doesn't just test your knowledge of the language; it tests your ability to think out of the box and come up with the best solutions. With varying levels of difficulty, you'll be faced with a wide variety of challenges. And in case you're stumped, you don't have to worry: we've got the best solutions to the problems in the book. So are you up for the challenge?
What you will learn
- Serialize and deserialize JSON and XML data
- Perform encryption and signing to facilitate secure communication between parties
- Embed and use SQLite databases in your applications
- Use threads and asynchronous functions to implement generic purpose parallel algorithms
- Compress and decompress files to/from a ZIP archive
- Implement data structures such as circular buffer and priority queue
- Implement general purpose algorithms as well as algorithms that solve specific problems
- Create client-server applications that communicate over TCP/IP
- Consume HTTP REST services
- Use design patterns to solve real-world problems
Who this book is for
This book will appeal to C++ developers of all levels. There's a challenge inside for everyone.
Marius Bancila is a software engineer with 15 years of experience in developing solutions for the industrial and financial sectors. He is the author of Modern C++ Programming Cookbook. He focuses on Microsoft technologies and mainly develops desktop applications with C++ and C#. He is passionate about sharing his technical expertise with others, and for that reason, he was recognized as a Microsoft MVP for more than a decade. He can be contacted on Twitter at @mariusbancila.Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:
Seitenzahl: 293
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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The Modern C++ Challenge
Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
Commissioning Editor: Aaron LazarAcquisition Editors: Nitin Dasan, Chaitanya NairContent Development Editor: Nikhil BorkarTechnical Editor: Jijo MaliyekalCopy Editor: Safis EditingProject Coordinator: Ulhas KambaliProofreader: Safis EditingIndexer: Mariammal ChettiyarGraphics: Tania DuttaProduction Coordinator: Shantanu Zagade
First published: May 2018
Production reference: 1210518
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78899-386-9
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Contributors
About the author
Marius Bancila is a software engineer with 15 years of experience in developing solutions for the industrial and financial sectors. He is the author of Modern C++ Programming Cookbook. He focuses on Microsoft technologies and mainly develops desktop applications with C++ and C#.
He is passionate about sharing his technical expertise with others, and for that reason, he was recognized as a Microsoft MVP for more than a decade. He can be contacted on Twitter at @mariusbancila.
About the reviewers
Aivars Kalvāns is the lead software architect at Tieto Latvia. He has been working on a Card Suite payment card system for more than 16 years and maintains many of core C++ libraries and programs. He is also responsible for C++ programming guidelines, secure coding training, and code reviews. He organizes and speaks at internal C++ developer meetups.
Arun Muralidharan is a software developer with over 8 years of experience as a systems and full-stack developer. Distributed system design, architecture, event systems, scalability, performance, and programming languages are some of the aspects of a product that interest him the most.
He is an ardent fan of C++ and its template metaprogramming; he likes how the language keeps his ego in check. So, one would find him working on C++ most of the time.
Nibedit Dey is a technopreneur with a multidisciplinary technology background. He has a bachelor's in biomedical engineering and a master’s in digital design and embedded systems. Before starting his entrepreneurial journey, he worked for L&T and Tektronix for several years in different R&D roles. He has been using C++ to build complex software-based systems for the last 8 years.
Packt is searching for authors like you
If you're interested in becoming an author for Packt, please visit authors.packtpub.com and apply today. We have worked with thousands of developers and tech professionals, just like you, to help them share their insight with the global tech community. You can make a general application, apply for a specific hot topic that we are recruiting an author for, or submit your own idea.
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
The Modern C++ Challenge
Packt Upsell
Why subscribe?
PacktPub.com
Contributors
About the author
About the reviewers
Packt is searching for authors like you
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Building the code
How to generate projects for Visual Studio 2017
How to generate projects for Xcode
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
Math Problems
Problems
1. Sum of naturals divisible by 3 and 5
2. Greatest common divisor
3. Least common multiple
4. Largest prime smaller than given number
5. Sexy prime pairs
6. Abundant numbers
7. Amicable numbers
8. Armstrong numbers
9. Prime factors of a number
10. Gray code
11. Converting numerical values to Roman
12. Largest Collatz sequence
13. Computing the value of Pi
14. Validating ISBNs
Solutions
1. Sum of naturals divisible by 3 and 5
2. Greatest common divisor
3. Least common multiple
4. Largest prime smaller than given number
5. Sexy prime pairs
6. Abundant numbers
7. Amicable numbers
8. Armstrong numbers
9. Prime factors of a number
10. Gray code
11. Converting numerical values to Roman
12. Largest Collatz sequence
13. Computing the value of Pi
14. Validating ISBNs
Language Features
Problems
15. IPv4 data type
16. Enumerating IPv4 addresses in a range
17. Creating a 2D array with basic operations
18. Minimum function with any number of arguments
19. Adding a range of values to a container
20. Container any, all, none
21. System handle wrapper
22. Literals of various temperature scales
Solutions
15. IPv4 data type
16. Enumerating IPv4 addresses in a range
17. Creating a 2D array with basic operations
18. Minimum function with any number of arguments
19. Adding a range of values to a container
20. Container any, all, none
21. System handle wrapper
22. Literals of various temperature scales
Strings and Regular Expressions
Problems
23. Binary to string conversion
24. String to binary conversion
25. Capitalizing an article title
26. Joining strings together separated by a delimiter
27. Splitting a string into tokens with a list of possible delimiters
28. Longest palindromic substring
29. License plate validation
30. Extracting URL parts
31. Transforming dates in strings
Solutions
23. Binary to string conversion
24. String to binary conversion
25. Capitalizing an article title
26. Joining strings together separated by a delimiter
27. Splitting a string into tokens with a list of possible delimiters
28. Longest palindromic substring
29. License plate validation
30. Extracting URL parts
31. Transforming dates in strings
Streams and Filesystems
Problems
32. Pascal's triangle
33. Tabular printing of a list of processes
34. Removing empty lines from a text file
35. Computing the size of a directory
36. Deleting files older than a given date
37. Finding files in a directory that match a regular expression
38. Temporary log files
Solutions
32. Pascal's triangle
33. Tabular printing of a list of processes
34. Removing empty lines from a text file
35. Computing the size of a directory
36. Deleting files older than a given date
37. Finding files in a directory that match a regular expression
38. Temporary log files
Date and Time
Problems
39. Measuring function execution time
40. Number of days between two dates
41. Day of the week
42. Day and week of the year
43. Meeting time for multiple time zones
44. Monthly calendar
Solutions
39. Measuring function execution time
40. Number of days between two dates
41. Day of the week
42. Day and week of the year
43. Meeting time for multiple time zones
44. Monthly calendar
Algorithms and Data Structures
Problems
45. Priority queue
46. Circular buffer
47. Double buffer
48. The most frequent element in a range
49. Text histogram
50. Filtering a list of phone numbers
51. Transforming a list of phone numbers
52. Generating all the permutations of a string
53. Average rating of movies
54. Pairwise algorithm
55. Zip algorithm
56. Select algorithm
57. Sort algorithm
58. The shortest path between nodes
59. The Weasel program
60. The Game of Life
Solutions
45. Priority queue
46. Circular buffer
47. Double buffer
48. The most frequent element in a range
49. Text histogram
50. Filtering a list of phone numbers
51. Transforming a list of phone numbers
52. Generating all the permutations of a string
53. Average rating of movies
54. Pairwise algorithm
55. Zip algorithm
56. Select algorithm
57. Sort algorithm
58. The shortest path between nodes
59. The Weasel program
60. The Game of Life
Concurrency
Problems
61. Parallel transform algorithm
62. Parallel min and max element algorithms using threads
63. Parallel min and max element algorithms using asynchronous functions
64. Parallel sort algorithm
65. Thread-safe logging to the console
66. Customer service system
Solutions
61. Parallel transform algorithm
62. Parallel min and max element algorithms using threads
63. Parallel min and max element algorithms using asynchronous functions
64. Parallel sort algorithm
65. Thread-safe logging to the console
66. Customer service system
Design Patterns
Problems
67. Validating passwords
68. Generating random passwords
69. Generating social security numbers
70. Approval system
71. Observable vector container
72. Computing order price with discounts
Solutions
67. Validating passwords
68. Generating random passwords
69. Generating social security numbers
70. Approval system
71. Observable vector container
72. Computing order price with discounts
Data Serialization
Problems
73. Serializing and deserializing data to/from XML
74. Selecting data from XML using XPath
75. Serializing data to JSON
76. Deserializing data from JSON
77. Printing a list of movies to a PDF
78. Creating a PDF from a collection of images
Solutions
73. Serializing and deserializing data to/from XML
74. Selecting data from XML using XPath
75. Serializing data to JSON
76. Deserializing data from JSON
77. Printing a list of movies to a PDF
78. Creating a PDF from a collection of images
Archives, Images, and Databases
Problems
79. Finding files in a ZIP archive
80. Compressing and decompressing files to/from a ZIP archive
81. Compressing and decompressing files to/from a ZIP archive with a password
82. Creating a PNG that represents a national flag
83. Creating verification text PNG images
84. EAN-13 barcode generator
85. Reading movies from an SQLite database
86. Inserting movies into an SQLite database transactionally
87. Handling movie images in an SQLite database
Solutions
79. Finding files in a ZIP archive
80. Compressing and decompressing files to/from a ZIP archive
81. Compressing and decompressing files to/from a ZIP archive with password
82. Creating a PNG that represents a national flag
83. Creating verification text PNG images
84. EAN-13 barcode generator
85. Reading movies from an SQLite database
86. Inserting movies into an SQLite database
87. Handling movie images in an SQLite database
Cryptography
Problems
88. Caesar cipher
89. Vigenère cipher
90. Base64 encoding and decoding
91. Validating user credentials
92. Computing file hashes
93. Encrypting and decrypting files
94. File signing
Solutions
88. Caesar cipher
89. Vigenère cipher
90. Base64 encoding and decoding
91. Validating user credentials
92. Computing file hashes
93. Encrypting and decrypting files
94. File signing
Networking and Services
Problems
95. Finding the IP address of a host
96. Client-server Fizz-Buzz
97. Bitcoin exchange rates
98. Fetching emails using IMAP
99. Translating text to any language
100. Detecting faces in a picture
Solutions
95. Finding the IP address of a host
96. Client-server Fizz-Buzz
97. Bitcoin exchange rates
98. Fetching emails using IMAP
99. Translating text to any language
100. Detecting faces in a picture
Bibliography
Articles
Library documentation
Other Books You May Enjoy
Leave a review - let other readers know what you think
Preface
C++ is a general-purpose programming language that combines different paradigms such as object-oriented, imperative, generic, and functional programming. C++ is designed for efficiency and is the primary choice in applications where performance is key. Over the last few decades, C++ has been one of the most widely used programming languages in industry, academia, and elsewhere. The language is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is currently working on the next version of the standard, called C++20, due to be completed in 2020.
With the standard covering almost 1500 pages, C++ is not the simplest language to learn and master. Skills are not acquired only by reading about them or watching others exercising them, but by practicing them again and again. Programming is no different; we developers do not learn new languages or technologies just by reading books, articles, or watching video tutorials. Instead, we need practice to sediment and develop the new things we learn so that we can eventually master them. Many a times, however, finding good exercises to put our knowledge to test is a difficult task. Although there are many websites that feature problems for different programming languages, most of these are mathematical problems, algorithms, or problems for student competitions. These kinds of problems do not help you exercise a large variety of a programming language functionalities. That is where this book steps in.
This book is a collection of 100 real-world problems designed for you to practice a large variety of the C++ language and standard library features as well as many third-party, cross-platform libraries. Yet, a few of these problems are C++ specific and, in general, can be solved in many programming languages. Of course, the intention is to help you master C++ and therefore you are expected to solve them in C++. All the solutions provided in the book are in C++. However, you can use the book as a reference for its collection of proposed problems when you learn other programming languages, although in this case, you will not benefit from the solutions.
The problems in this book are grouped into 12 chapters. Each chapter contains problems on similar or related topics. The problems have different levels of difficulty; some of them are easy, some are moderate, and some are difficult. The book has a relatively equal number of problems for each difficulty level. Each chapter starts with the description of the proposed problems. The solutions to these problems ensue with recommendations, explanations, and source code. Although you can find the solutions in the book, it is recommended that you try to implement them by yourself first, and only afterward—or if you have difficulties completing them—look at the proposed solutions. There is only one thing that is missing in the source code presented in the book—the headers you have to include. This was left out on purpose so that you figure those out by yourself. On the other hand, the source code provided with the book is complete, and you can find all the required headers there.
At the time of writing this book, the C++20 version of the standard is in progress and will continue for the next couple of years. However, some features have already been voted in, and one of these features is the extension to the chrono library with calendars and time zones. There are several problems in the fifth chapter on this topic, and although no compiler supports these yet, you can solve them using the date library, based on which the new standard additions have been designed. Many other libraries are used for solving problems in the book. The list includes Asio, Crypto++, Curl, NLohmann/json, PDF-Writer, PNGWriter, pugixml, SQLite, and ZipLib. Also, as an alternative to the std::optional and the filesystem libraries used throughout the book, you can use Boost with compilers where these are not available. All these libraries are open source and cross-platform. They were chosen for reasons that include performance, good documentation, and wide use within the community. However, you are free to use any other libraries you would like to solve the problems.
Who this book is for
Are you trying to learn C++ and are looking for challenges to practice what you're learning? If so, this book is for you. The book is intended for people learning C++, regardless of their experience with other programming languages, as a valuable resource of practical exercises and real-world problems. This book does not teach you the features of the language or the standard library. You are expected to learn that from other resources, such as books, articles, or video tutorials. This book is a learning companion and challenges you to solve tasks of various difficulties, utilizing the skills you have previously learned from other resources. Nevertheless, many of the problems proposed in this book are language agnostic, and you can use them when learning other programming languages; however, in this case, you won't be benefiting from the solutions provided here.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Math Problems, contains a series of math exercises to warm you up for the more challenging problems in the next chapters.
Chapter 2, Language Features, proposes problems for you to practice operator overloading, move semantics, user-defined literals, and template metaprogramming aspects such as variadic functions, fold expressions, and type traits.
Chapter 3, Strings and Regular Expressions, has several problems for string manipulation, such as converting between strings and other data types, splitting and joining strings, and also for working with regular expressions.
Chapter 4, Streams and Filesystems, covers output stream manipulation and working with files and directories using the C++17 filesystem library.
Chapter 5, Date and Time, prepares you for the upcoming C++20 extensions to the chrono library, with several calendar and time zone problems that you can solve with the date library, on which the new standard additions are based.
Chapter 6, Algorithms and Data Structures, is one of the largest chapters and contains a variety of problems where you need to utilize the existing standard algorithms; others are where you need to implement your own general-purpose algorithms or data structures, such as circular buffer and priority queue. The chapter ends with two rather fun problems, Dawkins' Weasel program and Conway's Game of Life program, where you can learn about evolutionary algorithms and cellular automata.
Chapter 7, Concurrency, is where we use threads and asynchronous functions to implement general-purpose parallel algorithms, but also solve some real-word problems involving concurrency.
Chapter 8, Design Patterns, proposes a series of problems suited to be solved with design patterns such as decorator, composite, chain of responsibility, template method, and others.
Chapter 9, Data Serialization, covers most common formats of serialized data, JSON, and XML, with several problems; but it also challenges you to create PDF files, all with the use of third-party, open-source, and cross-platform libraries.
Chapter 10, Archives, Images, and Databases, teaches you to solve problems for working with zip archives, creating PNG files for real-world problems, such as Captcha-like systems and barcodes, and embedding and utilizing SQLite databases in your applications.
Chapter 11, Cryptography, mostly covers the user of the Crypto++ library for data encryption and signing. It also challenges you to implement your own Base64 encoding and decoding utilities.
Chapter 12, Networking and Services, is where you have to implement your own client-server application communicating on TCP/IP, and also consume various REST services such as bitcoin exchange rates or text translation APIs.
To get the most out of this book
As previously mentioned, you need a basic familiarity with the C++ language and the standard library in order to be able to utilize this book, or you can learn that along the way. In any case, this book will teach you how to solve problems, but it will not teach you about the language and features utilized in the solutions. You will need a compiler with C++17 support; a complete list of required libraries as well as possible compilers you can use can be found in the Software Hardware List available in the code bundle. In the following sections, you will find detailed instructions for downloading and building the code from this book.
Download the example code files
You can download the code files with the solutions to the problems in this book from your account at www.packtpub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files emailed directly to you.
You can download the code files by following these steps:
Log in or register at
www.packtpub.com
.
Select the
SUPPORT
tab.
Click on
Code Downloads & Errata
.
Enter the name of the book in the
Search
box and follow the onscreen instructions.
Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder using the latest version of:
WinRAR/7-Zip for Windows
Zipeg/iZip/UnRarX for Mac
7-Zip/PeaZip for Linux
The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub athttps://github.com/PacktPublishing/The-Modern-Cpp-Challenge. We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available athttps://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!
Building the code
Although a large number of 3rd party libraries are used throughout the book, all these libraries, as well as all the solutions provided in the book are cross-platform and run on all platforms. However, the code has been developed and tested with Visual Studio 2017 v15.6/7 on Windows 10 and Xcode 9.3 on Mac OS 10.13.x.
If you are using Xcode on a Mac, there are two features used in the book that are not available with the LLVM toolset included in Xcode; these are the filesystem library and std::optional. However, these have been designed based on the Boost.Filesystem and Boost.Optional libraries and the use of the mentioned standard libraries in the proposed solutions is easily interchangeable with the Boost libraries. In fact, the accompanying code is written so that it works with either of the two; controlling which one to use is done with several macros. Instructions for building either with one or another are provided below, although the same information is also available in the source archive.
In order to support most of the development environments and build systems you could use on various platforms, the code is provided with CMake scripts. These are used to generate projects or build scripts for your preferred toolset. If you do not have CMake installed on your machine, you can get it from https://cmake.org/. Below, you can find instructions for using CMake to generate Visual Studio and Xcode scripts. For other tools, please refer to the CMake documentation, if necessary.
How to generate projects for Visual Studio 2017
Do the following in order to generate Visual Studio 2017 projects to target the x86 platform:
Open a command prompt and go to the
build
directory in the source code root folder.
Execute the following CMake command:
cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" .. -DCMAKE_USE_WINSSL=ON -DCURL_WINDOWS_SSPI=ON -DCURL_LIBRARY=libcurl -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR=..\libs\curl\include -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DBUILD_CURL_EXE=OFF -DUSE_MANUAL=OFF
After completion, the Visual Studio solution can be found at
build/cppchallenger.sln
.
If you want to target the x64 platform instead, use the generator called "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64". Visual Studio 2017 15.4 supports both filesystem (as an experimental library) and std::optional. If you use a previous version, or just want to use the Boost libraries instead, you can generate the projects using the following command, after you properly install Boost:
cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" .. -DCMAKE_USE_WINSSL=ON -DCURL_WINDOWS_SSPI=ON -DCURL_LIBRARY=libcurl -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR=..\libs\curl\include -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DBUILD_CURL_EXE=OFF -DUSE_MANUAL=OFF -DBOOST_FILESYSTEM=ON -DBOOST_OPTIONAL=ON -DBOOST_INCLUDE_DIR=<path_to_headers> -DBOOST_LIB_DIR=<path_to_libs>
Make sure that the paths to the headers and static library files do not include trailing backslashes (i.e. \).
How to generate projects for Xcode
Several solutions in the last chapter utilize the libcurl library. For SSL support, this library needs to be linked with the OpenSSL library. Do the following to install OpenSSL:
Download the library from
https://www.openssl.org/
.
Unzip the archive and, in a terminal, go to its root directory.
Build and install the library with the following commands (executed in this order):
./Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc shared enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 no-ssl2 no-ssl3 no-comp --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl/macos-x86_64
make depend
sudo make install
Until std::optional and the filesystem library will be available with Xcode's Clang, you need to use Boost. Do the following to install and build the Boost libraries:
Install Homebrew from
https://brew.sh/
.
Run the following command to download and install Boost automatically.
brew install boost
After installation, the Boost library will be available at
/usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.65.0
.
In order to generate projects for Xcode from the sources you have to:
Open a terminal and go to the
build
directory in the source code root directory.
Execute the following CMake command:
cmake -G Xcode .. -DOPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=/usr/local/bin -DOPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/include/ -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DBUILD_CURL_EXE=OFF -DUSE_MANUAL=OFF -DBOOST_FILESYSTEM=ON -DBOOST_OPTIONAL=ON -DBOOST_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.65.0 -DBOOST_LIB_DIR=/usr/local/Cellar/boost/1.65.0/lib
After completion, the Xcode project can be found at
build/cppchallenger.xcodeproj
.
Conventions used
There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.
CodeInText: Indicates code words in the text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: "Mount the downloaded WebStorm-10*.dmg disk image file as another disk in your system."
A block of code is set as follows:
int main(){ std::cout << "Hello, World!\n";}
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
template<typename C, typename... Args>void push_back(C& c, Args&&... args){
(c.push_back(args), ...);
}
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For example, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in the text like this. Here is an example: "Select System info from the Administration panel."
Get in touch
Feedback from our readers is always welcome.
General feedback: Email [email protected] and mention the book title in the subject of your message. If you have questions about any aspect of this book, please email us at [email protected].
Errata: Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you have found a mistake in this book, we would be grateful if you would report this to us. Please visit www.packtpub.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details.
Piracy: If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the Internet, we would be grateful if you would provide us with the location address or website name. Please contact us at [email protected] with a link to the material.
If you are interested in becoming an author: If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book, please visit authors.packtpub.com.
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Math Problems
Problems
1. Sum of naturals divisible by 3 and 5
Write a program that calculates and prints the sum of all the natural numbers divisible by either 3 or 5, up to a given limit entered by the user.
2. Greatest common divisor
Write a program that, given two positive integers, will calculate and print the greatest common divisor of the two.
3. Least common multiple
Write a program that will, given two or more positive integers, calculate and print the least common multiple of them all.
4. Largest prime smaller than given number
Write a program that computes and prints the largest prime number that is smaller than a number provided by the user, which must be a positive integer.
5. Sexy prime pairs
Write a program that prints all the sexy prime pairs up to a limit entered by the user.
6. Abundant numbers
Write a program that prints all abundant numbers and their abundance, up to a number entered by the user.
7. Amicable numbers
Write a program that prints the list of all pairs of amicable numbers smaller than 1,000,000.
8. Armstrong numbers
Write a program that prints all Armstrong numbers with three digits.
9. Prime factors of a number
Write a program that prints the prime factors of a number entered by the user.
10. Gray code
Write a program that displays the normal binary representations, Gray code representations, and decoded Gray code values for all 5-bit numbers.
11. Converting numerical values to Roman
Write a program that, given a number entered by the user, prints its Roman numeral equivalent.
12. Largest Collatz sequence
Write a program that determines and prints which number up to 1 million produces the longest Collatz sequence and what its length is.
13. Computing the value of Pi
Write a program that computes the value of Pi with a precision of two decimal digits.
14. Validating ISBNs
Write a program that validates that 10-digit values entered by the user, as a string, represent valid ISBN-10 numbers.
