The Rise of the Network Society, with a New Preface E-Book

Manuel Castells

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Information Age Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1125

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

This first book in Castells' groundbreaking trilogy, with a substantial new preface, highlights the economic and social dynamics of the information age and shows how the network society has now fully risen on a global scale. * Groundbreaking volume on the impact of the age of information on all aspects of society * Includes coverage of the influence of the internet and the net-economy * Describes the accelerating pace of innovation and social transformation * Based on research in the USA, Asia, Latin America, and Europe

Leseprobe

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface to the 2010 Edition of The Rise of the Network Society

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

Acknowledgments 2000

Acknowledgments 1996

Prologue: the Net and the Self

Technology, Society, and Historical Change

Informationalism, Industrialism, Capitalism, Statism: Modes of Development and Modes of Production

The Self in the Informational Society

A Word on Method

1 The Information Technology Revolution

Which Revolution?

Lessons from the Industrial Revolution

The Historical Sequence of the Information Technology Revolution

Models, Actors, and Sites of the Information Technology Revolution

The Information Technology Paradigm

2 The New Economy: Informationalism, Globalization, Networking

Productivity, Competitiveness, and the Informational Economy

The Global Economy: Structure, Dynamics, and Genesis

The New Economy

3 The Network Enterprise: the Culture, Institutions, and Organizations of the Informational Economy

Organizational Trajectories in the Restructuring of Capitalism and in the Transition from Industrialism to Informationalism

Information Technology and the Network Enterprise

Culture, Institutions, and Economic Organization: East Asian Business Networks

Multinational Enterprises, Transnational Corporations, and International Networks

The Spirit of Informationalism

4 The Transformation of Work and Employment: Networkers, Jobless, and Flex-timers1

The Historical Evolution of Employment and Occupational Structure in Advanced Capitalist Countries: the G-7, 1920–2005

Is There a Global Labor Force?

The Work Process in the Informational Paradigm

The Effects of Information Technology on Employment: Toward a Jobless Society?

Work and the Informational Divide: Flex-timers

Information Technology and the Restructuring of Capital–Labor Relations: Social Dualism or Fragmented Societies?

Appendix A: Statistical Tables for Chapter 4

Appendix B: Methodological Note and Statistical References for the Analysis of Employment and Occupational Structure of G-7 Countries, 1920–2005

5 The Culture of Real Virtuality: the Integration of Electronic Communication, the End of the Mass Audience, and the Rise of Interactive Networks

From the Gutenberg Galaxy to the McLuhan Galaxy: the Rise of Mass Media Culture

The New Media and the Diversification of Mass Audience

Computer-mediated Communication, Institutional Control, Social Networks, and Virtual Communities

The Grand Fusion: Multimedia as Symbolic Environment

The Culture of Real Virtuality

6 The Space of Flows

Advanced Services, Information Flows, and the Global City

The New Industrial Space

Everyday Life in the Electronic Cottage: the End of Cities?

The Transformation of Urban Form: the Informational City

The Social Theory of Space and the Theory of the Space of Flows

The Architecture of the End of History

Space of Flows and Space of Places

7 The Edge of Forever: Timeless Time

Time, History, and Society

Time as the Source of Value: the Global Casino

Flex-time and the Network Enterprise

The Shrinking and Twisting of Life Working Time

The Blurring of the Life-cycle: Toward Social Arrhythmia?

Death Denied

Instant Wars

Virtual Time

Time, Space, and Society: the Edge of Forever

Conclusion: the Network Society

Summary of the Contents of Volumes II and III

Volume II: The Power of Identity

Volume III: End of Millennium

Bibliography

Index

The Information Age

Economy, Society, and Culture

Volume IThe Rise of the Network Society

“We live today in a period of intense and puzzling transformation, signalling perhaps a move beyond the industrial era altogether. Yet where are the great sociological works that chart this transition? Hence the importance of Manuel Castells’ multivolume work, in which he seeks to chart the social and economic dynamics of the information age… [It] is bound to be a major reference source for years to come.” (Anthony Giddens, The Times Higher Education Supplement)

“A brief review cannot do it justice. No other scholar has approached the subject of the information age in as engaging and innovative a way as this author. Strongly recommended for academic libraries.” (Choice)

A little over a decade since its first publication, the hypotheses set out in Manuel Castells’ groundbreaking trilogy have largely been verified. In a substantial new preface to the first volume in the series, Castells demonstrates, in the light of major world trends, how the network society has now fully risen on a global scale.

The book discusses how the global economy is now characterized by the almost instantaneous flow and exchange of information, capital, and cultural communication. These flows order and condition both consumption and production. The networks themselves reflect and create distinctive cultures. Both they and the traffic they carry are largely outside national regulation. Our dependence on the new modes of informational flow gives to those in a position to control them enormous power to control us. The main political arena is now the media, and the media are not politically answerable.

Based on research in the USA, Asia, Latin America, and Europe, Castells formulates a systematic theory of the information society and details the new social and economic developments brought by the Internet and the “new economy.”

Table of Contents for Volumes II and III of Manuel Castells’ The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture

Volume II: The Power of Identity

Our World, our Lives

1 Communal Heavens: Identity and Meaning in the Network Society

2 The Other Face of the Earth: Social Movements against the New Global Order

3 The Greening of the Self: The Environmental Movement

4 The End of Patriarchalism: Social Movements, Family, and Sexuality in the Information Age

5 Globalization, Identification, and the State: A Powerless State or a Network State?

6 Informational Politics and the Crisis of Democracy

Conclusion: Social Change in the Network Society

Volume III: End of Millennium

A Time of Change

1 The Crisis of Industrial Statism and the Collapse of the Soviet Union

2 The Rise of the Fourth World: Informational Capitalism, Poverty, and Social Exclusion

3 The Perverse Connection: the Global Criminal Economy

4 Development and Crisis in the Asian Pacific: Globalization and the State

5 The Unification of Europe: Globalization, Identity, and the Network State

Conclusion: Making Sense of our World

This second edition with a new preface first published 2010© 2010 Manuel CastellsEdition history: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (1e, 1996), Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2e, 2000)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Castells, Manuel, 1942–The rise of the network society/Manuel Castells. – 2nd ed., with a new pref.p. cm. – (Information age; v. 1)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-4051-9686-4 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Information technology–Economic aspects. 2. Information society. 3. Information networks. 4. Technology and civilization. I. Title.HC79.I55C373 2010303.48′33–dc222009009312

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

For Emma Kiselyova-Castells,

without whose love, work, and support

this book would not exist

Figures

2.1Productivity growth in the United States, 1995–19992.2Estimate of evolution of productivity in the United States, 1972–1999 932.3Growth in trade and capital flows, 1970–19952.4Goods in international trade by level of technological intensity, 1976/19962.5Foreign direct investment2.6Cross-border mergers and acquisitions, 1992–19972.7Export shares2.8Share of growth from high-tech sector in the United States, 1986–19982.9Declining dividends payments4.1Percentage of the United States’ population that is foreign-born, 1900–19944.2Total fertility rates for nationals and foreigners in selected OECD countries4.3Index of employment growth by region, 1973–19994.4Part-time workers in employed labor force in OECD countries, 1983–19984.5Self-employed workers in employed labor force in OECD countries, 1983–19934.6Temporary workers in employed labor force in OECD countries, 1983–19974.7Non-standard forms of employment in employed labor force in OECD countries, 1983–19944.8Employment in the temporary help industry in the United States, 1982–19974.9Percentage of working-age Californians employed in “traditional” jobs, 19994.10Distribution of working-age Californians by “traditional” job status and length of tenure in the job, 19994.11The Japanese labor market in the postwar period4.12Annual growth of productivity, employment, and earnings in OECD countries, 1984–19985.1Media sales in 1998 for major media groups5.2Strategic alliances between media groups in Europe, 19995.3Internet hosts, 1989–20065.4Internet CONE and country code domain names by city worldwide, July 19995.5Internet CONE and country code domain names by city in North America, July 19995.6Internet CONE and country code domain names by city in Europe, July 19995.7Internet CONE and country code domain names by city in Asia, July 19996.1Largest absolute growth in information flows, 1982 and 19906.2Exports of information from the United States to major world regions and centers6.3System of relationships between the characteristics of information technology manufacturing and the industry’s spatial pattern6.4The world’s largest urban agglomerations (>10 million inhabitants in 1992)6.5Diagrammatic representation of major nodes and links in the urban region of the Pearl River Delta6.6Downtown Kaoshiung6.7The entrance hall of Barcelona airport6.8The waiting room at D.E. Shaw and Company6.9Belleville, 19996.10Las Ramblas, Barcelona, 19996.11Barcelona: Paseo de Gracia6.12Irvine, California: business complex7.1Labor force participation rate (%) for men 55–64 years old in eight countries, 1970–19987.2Ratio of hospitalized deaths to total deaths (%), by year, 1947–1987, in Japan7.3War deaths relative to world population, by decade, 1720–2000

Tables

2.1Productivity rate: growth rates of output per worker2.2Productivity in the business sector2.3Evolution of the productivity of business sectors2.4Evolution of productivity in sectors not open to free trade2.5Evolution of US productivity by industrial sectors and periods2.6Cross-border transactions in bonds and equities, 1970–19962.7Foreign assets and liabilities as a percentage of total assets and liabilities of commercial banks for selected countries, 1960–19972.8Direction of world exports, 1965–19952.9Parent corporations and foreign affiliates by area and country2.10Stocks valuation, 1995–19994.1United States: percentage distribution of employment by industrial sector and intermediate industry group, 1920–19914.2Japan: percentage distribution of employment by industrial sector and intermediate industry group, 1920–19904.3Germany: percentage distribution of employment by industrial sector and intermediate industry group, 1925–19874.4France: percentage distribution of employment by industrial sector and intermediate industry group, 1921–19894.5Italy: percentage distribution of employment by industrial sector and intermediate industry group, 1921–19904.6United Kingdom: percentage distribution of employment by industrial sector and intermediate industry group, 1921–19924.7Canada: percentage distribution of employment by industrial sector and intermediate industry group, 1921–19924.8United States: employment statistics by industry, 1920–19914.9Japan: employment statistics by industry, 1920–19904.10Germany: employment statistics by industry, 1925–19874.11France: employment statistics by industry, 1921–19894.12Italy: employment statistics by industry, 1921–19904.13United Kingdom: employment statistics by industry, 1921–19904.14Canada: employment statistics by industry, 1921–19924.15Occupational structure of selected countries4.16United States: percentage distribution of employment by occupation, 1960–19914.17Japan: percentage distribution of employment by occupation, 1955–19904.18Germany: percentage distribution of employment by occupation, 1976–19894.19France: percentage distribution of employment by occupation, 1982–19894.20Great Britain: percentage distribution of employment by occupation, 1961–19904.21Canada: percentage distribution of employment by occupation, 1950–19924.22Foreign resident population in Western Europe, 1950–19904.23Employment in manufacturing by major countries and regions, 1970–19974.24Employment shares by industry/occupation and ethnic/gender group of all workers in the United States, 1960–19984.25Information technology spending per worker (1987–1994), employment growth (1987–1994), and unemployment rate (1995) by country4.26Main telephone lines per employee (1986 and 1993) and Internet hosts per 1,000 population (January 1996) by country4.27Men’s and women’s employment ratios, 15–64 years old, 1973–19984.28Percentage of standard workers in the chuki koyo system of Japanese firms4.29Concentration of stock ownership by income level in the United States, 19957.1Annual hours worked per person, 1870–19797.2Potential lifelong working hours, 1950–19857.3Duration and reduction of working time, 1970–19877.4Principal demographic characteristics by main regions of the world, 1970–19957.5Total fertility rates of some industrialized countries, 1901–19857.6First live births per 1,000 women by age group of mother (30–49 years) and by race in the United States, 1960 and 19907.7Comparisons of infant mortality rates, selected countries, 1990–1995 (estimates)

Preface to the 2010 Edition of The Rise of the Network Society

We live in confusing times, as is often the case in periods of historical transition between different forms of society. This is because the intellectual categories that we use to understand what happens around us have been coined in different circumstances, and can hardly grasp what is new by referring to the past. I contend that around the end of the second millennium of the common era a number of major social, technological, economic, and cultural transformations came together to give rise to a new form of society, the network society, whose analysis is proposed in this volume.

The urgency for a new approach to understanding the kind of economy, culture, and society in which we live is heightened by the crises and conflicts that have characterized the first decade of the twenty-first century. The global financial crisis; the upheaval in business and labor markets resulting from a new international division of labor; the unstoppable growth of the global criminal economy; the social and cultural exclusion of large segments of the population of the planet from the global networks that accumulate knowledge, wealth, and power; the backlash of the disaffected in the form of religious fundamentalism; the rekindling of national, ethnic, and territorial cleavages, ushering in the negation of the other, and thus the widespread resort to violence as a way of protest and domination; the environmental crisis epitomized by climate change; the growing incapacity of political institutions based on the nation-state to handle global problems and local demands: these are all diverse expressions of a process of multidimensional, structural change that takes place in the midst of agony and uncertainty. These are indeed troubled times.

The sense of disorientation is compounded by radical changes in the realm of communication, derived from the revolution in communication technologies. The shift from traditional mass media to a system of horizontal communication networks organized around the Internet and wireless communication has introduced a multiplicity of communication patterns at the source of a fundamental cultural transformation, as virtuality becomes an essential dimension of our reality. The constitution of a new culture based on multimodal communication and digital information processing creates a generational divide between those born before the Internet Age (1969) and those who grew up being digital.

These are among the themes treated in the trilogy of which this book is the first volume, published in 1996 (1st edition) and 2000 (2nd edition). The book did not contain any predictions, as I always kept my distance, as a researcher, from the dubious ventures of futurology. But I identified a number of trends that were already present and observable in the last two decades of the first century, and I tried to make sense of their meaning by using standard social science procedures. The result was the discovery of a new social structure in the making, which I conceptualized as the network society because it is made of networks in all the key dimensions of social organization and social practice. Moreover, while networks are an old form of organization in the human experience, digital networking technologies, characteristic of the Information Age, powered social and organizational networks in ways that allowed their endless expansion and reconfiguration, overcoming the traditional limitations of networking forms of organization to manage complexity beyond a certain size of the network. Because networks do not stop at the border of the nation-state, the network society constituted itself as a global system, ushering in the new form of globalization characteristic of our time. However, while everything and everybody on the planet felt the effects of this new social structure, global networks included some people and territories while excluding others, so inducing a geography of social, economic, and technological inequality. In a parallel development, social movements and geopolitical strategies became largely global so as to act on the global sources of power, while the institutions of the nation-state inherited from the Modern Age and from the industrial society gradually lost their capacity to control and regulate global flows of wealth and information. The historical irony is that nation-states were among the most active agents of globalization as they tried to ride the tiger of unfettered markets and free flows of capital and technology for their own benefit.

By studying empirically the contours of these social and organizational arrangements on a global scale, I ended up with a series of specific analyses on different dimensions of the network society that appeared to be coherent, so that together they provided a canvas of interpretation of events and trends that at first sight seemed to be disjointed.