The TOGAF® Standard, 10th Edition - Business Architecture – 2025 Update E-Book

The Open Group

• Herausgeber: Van Haren Publishing
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 230

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025

Beschreibung

#html-body [data-pb-style=EVJ64F9],#html-body [data-pb-style=LUL34GN]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll}This document is a compilation of TOGAF Series Guides addressing Business Architecture. It has been developed and approved by The Open Group and is part of the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition.It consists of the following documents: TOGAF® Series Guide:Business Models This document provides a basis for Enterprise Architects to understand and utilize business models, which describe the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value. It covers the concept and purpose of business models and highlights the Business Model Canvas™ technique. TOGAF® Series Guide:Business Capabilities, Version 2 This document answers key questions about what a business capability is, and how it is used to enhance business analysis and planning. It addresses how to provide the architect with a means to create a capability map and align it with other Business Architecture viewpoints in support of business planning processes. TOGAF® Series Guide:Value Streams Value streams are one of the core elements of a Business Architecture. This document provides an architected approach to developing a business value model. It addresses how to identify, define, model, and map a value stream to other key components of an enterprise’s Business Architecture. TOGAF® Series Guide:Information Mapping This document describes how to develop an Information Map that articulates, characterizes, and visually represents information that is critical to the business. It provides architects with a framework to help understand what information matters most to a business before developing or proposing solutions. TOGAF® Series Guide:Organization Mapping This document shows how organization mapping provides the organizational context to an Enterprise Architecture. While capability mapping exposes what a business does and value stream mapping exposes how it delivers value to specific stakeholders, the organization map identifies the business units or third parties that possess or use those capabilities, and which participate in the value streams. TOGAF® Series Guide:Business Scenarios This document describes the Business Scenarios technique, which provides a mechanism to fully understand the requirements of information technology and align it with business needs. It shows how Business Scenarios can be used to develop resonating business requirements and how they support and enable the enterprise to achieve its business objectives. Reactions from other readers ‘A quality hard copy of the TOGAF method - easier to read than endless htm docs or huge pdfs! The TOGAF framework has become the de facto standard for developing Enterprise Architectures.' ‘A good one-stop-shop guide and toolsets for getting your Enterprise Architecture right. A lot of thought, experience, and funding have gone into this, and the results are well worth the price you pay for the book (and the actual accreditation should you or your organization wish to go down that route).’ Amazon Comment ‘…it still is the best documented Enterprise Architecture method publicly available. The book is of high quality binding and will endure browsing through the pages for a long time.’ Amazon Comment

Leseprobe

The TOGAF® Standard, 10th EditionBusiness Architecture2025 Update

The Open Group Publications available from Van Haren Publishing

The TOGAF® Standard, 10th Edition:

Introduction and Core Concepts

Architecture Development Method

Content, Capability, and Governance

Leader’s Guide

ADM Practitioners’ Guide

Business Architecture

Enterprise Agility and Digital Transformation

A Pocket Guide

TOGAF® Business Architecture Foundation Study Guide

TOGAF® Enterprise Architecture Foundation Study Guide

The TOGAF Series (Version 9.2):

The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2

The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2 – A Pocket Guide

TOGAF® 9 Foundation Study Guide, 4th Edition

TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide, 4th Edition

The Open Group Series:

The IT4IT™ Standard, Version 3.0

IT4IT™ for Managing the Business of IT – A Management Guide

IT4IT™ Foundation Study Guide, 2nd Edition

The IT4IT™ Reference Architecture, Version 2.1 – A Pocket Guide

Cloud Computing for Business – The Open Group Guide

ArchiMate® 3.1 Specification – A Pocket Guide

ArchiMate® 3.2 Specification

The Digital Practitioner Pocket Guide

The Digital Practitioner Foundation Study Guide

Open Agile Architecture™ – A Standard of The Open Group

Hospital Reference Architecture Guide: The Complete and Expanded English Translation of the Dutch ZiRA

The Open Group Press:

The Turning Point: A Novel about Agile Architects Building a Digital Foundation Managing Digital

Ecosystems Architecture

For Your Information - About Information, the Universe, and the Modern Age

The Open Group Security Series:

O-TTPS™ – A Management Guide

Open Information Security Management Maturity Model (O-ISM3)

Open Enterprise Security Architecture (O-ESA)

Risk Management – The Open Group Guide

The Open FAIR™ Body of Knowledge – A Pocket Guide

All titles are available to purchase from:

www.opengroup.org

www.vanharen.net

and also many international and online distributors.

Title:

The TOGAF® Standard, 10th Edition — Business Architecture — 2025 Update

Series:

TOGAF Series Guide

A Publication of:

The Open Group

Publisher:

Van Haren Publishing, ’s-Hertogenbosch - NL, www.vanharen.net

ISBN Hardcopy:

978 94 018 1342 6

ISBN eBook:

978 94 018 1343 3

ISBN ePub:

978 94 018 1344 0

Edition:

First edition, first impression, April 2022

Second edition, first impression, June 2025

Layout and Cover Design:

The Open Group

Copyright:

© 2022-2025 The Open Group. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Specifically, without such written permission, the use or incorporation of this publication, in whole or in part, is NOT PERMITTED for the purposes of training or developing large language models (LLMs) or any other generative artificial intelligence systems, or otherwise for the purposes of using, or in connection with the use of, such technologies, tools, or models to generate any data or content and/or to synthesize or combine with any other data or content.

Any use of this publication for commercial purposes is subject to the terms of the Annual Commercial License relating to it. For further information, see www.opengroup.org/legal/licensing.

The TOGAF® Standard, 10th Edition — Business Architecture

Document number:T190

Published by The Open Group, June 2025.

Comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to:

The Open Group

Apex Plaza

Reading

Berkshire, RG1 1AX

United Kingdom

or by electronic mail to:[email protected]

Table of Contents

Preface

The Open Group

The TOGAF® Standard, a Standard of The Open Group

This Document

About the TOGAF® Series Guides

Trademarks

About the Authors

Acknowledgements

Referenced Documents

Part 1: Business Models

1. Introduction

1.1. Overview

1.2. Objectives

2. What is a Business Model?

3. The Impact and Benefit of Business Models

4. The Relationship between Business Models and Business Architecture

5. Using Business Models in the TOGAF Standard

6. A Structured Approach for Business Model Innovation

7. Example of a Business Model Framework

8. Conclusion

A: Overview of the Business Model Canvas

Part 2: Business Capabilities

9. Introduction

10. What is a Business Capability?

10.1. Defining a Business Capability

10.1.1. Naming Convention

10.1.2. Description

10.2. Elements to Implement Business Capabilities

10.2.1. People

10.2.2. Processes

10.2.3. Information

10.2.4. Resources

11. Business Capability Mapping

11.1. Approach

11.1.1. Organizational Structure

11.1.2. Business Model

11.1.3. Strategic Plans, Business Plans, and Financial Plans

11.2. Structuring the Business Capability Map

11.2.1. Business Capability Stratification

11.2.2. Leveling

12. The Impact and Benefits of Business Capability Mapping

13. Mapping Business Capabilities to Other Business Architecture Perspectives

13.1. Heat Mapping

13.2. Relationship Mapping

13.2.1. Capability/Organization Mapping

13.2.2. Capability/Value Stream Mapping

13.2.3. Capability/Business Process Mapping

14. Using Business Capability Maps with the TOGAF Standard

15. Conclusion

Part 3: Business Capability Planning

16. Introduction

17. The History of Capability-Based Planning

18. Business Capability Planning Modeling

18.1. Key ArchiMate Elements

18.2. ArchiMate Relationships

18.3. Architecture Modeling Tools

19. Doing Your Homework

19.1. Organizational Structure

19.2. Business Model

19.3. Financial, Business, and Strategic Plans

19.3.1. Financial Statement

19.3.2. Business and/or Strategic Plans

19.3.3. Balanced Scorecard

19.4. Application Catalog, Information Objects, and Exchanges

19.4.1. Retail Organization Application Catalog

19.4.2. Conceptual Data Model

19.4.3. Application Information Exchange Catalog

20. Value Streams

20.1. Value Streams in Business Capability Planning

20.1.1. Describing a Value Stream

20.1.2. Describing Value Stream Stages

21. Business Capabilities

21.1. Defining a Business Capability

21.1.1. Naming Convention

21.1.2. Description

21.2. Business Capability Catalog

21.2.1. Business Capability Catalog Model

21.3. Mapping Business Capabilities to Value Stream Stages

21.4. Business Capability Instances

21.4.1. Business Capability Instance Guidance

21.4.2. Acquire Retail Product Online Value Stream

22. Business Capability Planning

22.1. Business Capability Instance Analysis Approach

22.1.1. Optimize a Business Capability Instance

22.1.2. Consolidate Business Capability Instances

22.1.3. Create a Business Capability Instance

22.1.4. Retire a Business Capability Instance

22.1.5. Updated Acquire Retail Product Online Value Stream – Abstracted

22.2. Planning Business Capability Instance Increments

22.3. Digital Transformation and Business Capability Planning

23. Conclusion

B: Business Capability Catalog

C: Other Frameworks

C.1. Business Process Modeling

C.2. Scaled Agile Framework Enterprise Value Streams

C.3. Journey Maps

C.4. Lean Value Stream

C.5. Porter Value Chain

C.6. Risk and Security Perspectives

D: Recruit Employee Value Stream

E: Acronyms & Abbreviations

Part 4: Value Streams

24. Introduction

24.1. What is “Value”?

24.2. Approaches to Value Analysis

24.3. Value Streams in Business Architecture

24.4. Relationship of Value Streams to Other Business Architecture Concepts

24.5. Benefits of Value Streams and Value Stream Mapping

25. Value Stream Description, Decomposition, and Mapping

25.1. Describing a Value Stream

25.2. Decomposing a Value Stream

25.3. Mapping Capabilities to Value Stream Stages

26. Approach to Creating Value Streams

26.1. Guiding Principles

27. Value Stream Mapping Scenarios

27.1. Baseline Example

27.2. Mapping Value Streams to Business Capabilities

27.3. Heat Mapping Scenario

28. Conclusion

F: A Comparison of Alternative Value Analysis Techniques

F.1. Value Chain

F.2. Value Network

F.3. Lean Value Stream

Part 5: Information Mapping

29. Introduction

30. What is an Information Map?

31. The Impact and Benefits

32. The Relationship to Business Capabilities, Value Streams, and Information Maps

33. Distinguishing between Information Maps and Data Models

34. Using Information Maps with the TOGAF ADM

35. Putting Information Maps into Practice

36. Conclusion

G: Representations of Information Maps

G.1. ArchiMate Language Example

G.2. Unified Modeling Language (UML)

G.3. Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs)

Part 6: Organization Mapping

37. Introduction

38. What is an Organization Map?

39. Differentiating between Organization Maps and Organization Charts

40. The Impact and Benefits of Organization Mapping

41. The Relationship to Business Capabilities, Value Streams, and Information Maps

42. Using Organization Maps with the TOGAF Standard

43. Putting Organization Maps into Practice

44. Conclusion

Part 7: Business Scenarios

45. Introduction

46. Benefits of Business Scenarios

47. Creating the Business Scenario

47.1. The Overall Process

47.2. Steps

47.2.1. Planning Step

47.2.2. Gathering Step

47.2.3. Analyzing Step

47.2.4. Documenting Step

47.2.5. Reviewing Step

47.3. Phases

47.3.1. Premise Formulation Phase

47.3.2. Initial Verification Phase

47.3.3. Refinement Phase

48. Contents of a Business Scenario

49. Contributions to the Business Scenario

50. Business Scenarios and the TOGAF ADM

51. Developing Business Scenarios

51.1. General Guidelines

51.2. Questions to Ask for Each Area

51.2.1. Identifying, Documenting, and Ranking the Problem

51.2.2. Identifying the Business and Technical Environment and Documenting in Models

51.2.3. Identifying and Documenting Objectives

51.2.4. Identifying Human Actors and their Place in the Business Model

51.2.5. Identifying Computer Actors and their Place in the Technology Model

51.2.6. Documenting Roles, Responsibilities, Measures of Success, and Required Scripts

51.2.7. Checking for Fitness-for-Purpose and Refining, if Necessary

52. Business Scenario Documentation

52.1. Textual Documentation

52.2. Business Scenario Models

53. Guidelines on Goals and Objectives

53.1. The Importance of Goals

53.2. The Importance of SMART Objectives

53.2.1. Example of Making Objectives SMART

53.3. Categories of Goals and Objectives

53.3.1. Goal: Improve Business Process Performance

53.3.2. Goal: Decrease Costs

53.3.3. Goal: Improve Business Operations

53.3.4. Goal: Improve Management Efficacy

53.3.5. Goal: Reduce Risk

53.3.6. Goal: Improve Effectiveness of IT Organization

53.3.7. Goal: Improve User Productivity

53.3.8. Goal: Improve Portability and Scalability

53.3.9. Goal: Improve Interoperability

53.3.10. Goal: Increase Vendor Independence

53.3.11. Goal: Reduce Lifecycle Costs

53.3.12. Goal: Improve Security

53.3.13. Goal: Improve Manageability

54. Roles

55. Checklists

55.1. Checklist – Premise Formulation

55.2. Checklist – Plan

55.3. Checklist – Gather

55.4. Checklist – Analyze

55.5. Checklist – Document

55.6. Checklist – Review

56. Techniques and Tips

56.1. On Active and Reflective Listening

56.2. On Brainstorming and Affinity Analysis

56.3. Introduce your Neighbor

56.4. We Believe

56.5. On Money or Credit Voting Prioritization

56.6. On Multi-Voting and Rank Ordering Prioritization

56.7. On Role Play

56.8. On Alternative Analysis and Decision Matrix

57. Summary

Index

Preface

The Open Group

The Open Group is a global consortium that enables the achievement of business objectives through technology standards and open source initiatives by fostering a culture of collaboration, inclusivity, and mutual respect among our diverse group of 900+ memberships. Our membership includes customers, systems and solutions suppliers, tool vendors, integrators, academics, and consultants across multiple industries.

The mission of The Open Group is to drive the creation of Boundaryless Information Flow™ achieved by:

•   Working with customers to capture, understand, and address current and emerging requirements, establish policies, and share best practices

•   Working with suppliers, consortia, and standards bodies to develop consensus and facilitate interoperability, to evolve and integrate specifications and open source technologies

•   Offering a comprehensive set of services to enhance the operational efficiency of consortia

•   Developing and operating the industry’s premier certification service and encouraging procurement of certified products

Further information on The Open Group is available at www.opengroup.org.

The Open Group publishes a wide range of technical documentation, most of which is focused on development of standards and guides, but which also includes white papers, technical studies, certification and testing documentation, and business titles. Full details are available at www.opengroup.org/library.

The TOGAF® Standard, a Standard of The Open Group

The TOGAF Standard is a proven enterprise methodology and framework used by the world’s leading organizations to improve business efficiency.

This Document

This document is a compilation of TOGAF® Series Guides addressing Business Architecture consisting of the following documents:

•   TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Models

This document provides a basis for Enterprise Architects to understand and utilize business models, which describe the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value.

•   TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Capabilities

This document answers key questions about what a business capability is, and how it is used to enhance business analysis and planning.

•   TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Capability Planning

This document shows how an organization can introduce business capability planning or revise or refine existing efforts.

•   TOGAF® Series Guide: Value Streams

This document provides an architected approach to developing a business value model using value streams.

•   TOGAF® Series Guide: Information Mapping

This document describes how to develop an Information Map that articulates, characterizes, and visually represents information that is critical to the business.

•   TOGAF® Series Guide: Organization Mapping

This document shows how organization mapping provides the organizational context to an Enterprise Architecture.

•   TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Scenarios

This document describes the Business Scenarios technique, which provides a mechanism to fully understand the requirements of information technology and align it with business needs.

More information is available, along with a number of tools, guides, and other resources, at www.opengroup.org/architecture.

About the TOGAF® Series Guides

The TOGAF® Series Guides contain guidance on how to use the TOGAF Standard and how to adapt it to fulfill specific needs.

The TOGAF® Series Guides are expected to be the most rapidly developing part of the TOGAF Standard and are positioned as the guidance part of the standard. While the TOGAF Fundamental Content is expected to be long-lived and stable, guidance on the use of the TOGAF Standard can be industry, architectural style, purpose, and problem-specific. For example, the stakeholders, concerns, views, and supporting models required to support the transformation of an extended enterprise may be significantly different than those used to support the transition of an in-house IT environment to the cloud; both will use the Architecture Development Method (ADM), start with an Architecture Vision, and develop a Target Architecture on the way to an Implementation and Migration Plan. The TOGAF Fundamental Content remains the essential scaffolding across industry, domain, and style.

Trademarks

ArchiMate, FACE, FACE logo, Future Airborne Capability Environment, Making Standards Work, Open Footprint, Open O logo, Open O and Check certification logo, Open Subsurface Data Universe, OSDU, SOSA, SOSA logo, The Open Group, TOGAF, UNIX, UNIXWARE, and X logo are registered trademarks and Boundaryless Information Flow, Build with Integrity Buy with Confidence, Commercial Aviation Reference Architecture, Dependability Through Assuredness, Digital Practitioner Body of Knowledge, DPBoK, EMMM, FHIM Profile Builder, FHIM logo, FPB, IT4IT, IT4IT logo, O-AA, O-DA, O-DEF, O-HERA, OPAS, O-TTPS, O-VBA, Open Agile Architecture, Open FAIR, Open Process Automation, Open Trusted Technology Provider, Sensor Integration Simplified, and Sensor Open Systems Architecture are trademarks of The Open Group.

A Guide to the Business Architecture Body of Knowledge, BIZBOK, Business Architecture Guild, CBA, and Certified Business Architect are registered trademarks of the Business Architecture Guild.

Archi is a registered trademark of Phillip Beauvoir.

BPMN and Business Process Model and Notation are trademarks of Object Management Group, Inc.

Business Model Canvas is a trademark of Alexander Osterwalder.

IEEE is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

OMG is a registered trademark of OMG.

Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

SAFe and Scaled Agile Framework are registered trademarks of Scaled Agile, Inc.

Toyota is a registered trademark of Toyota Motor Corporation.

Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.

All other brands, company, and product names are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks that are the sole property of their respective owners.

About the Authors

The following authors have contributed to documents within this compilation set.

(Please note affiliations were current at the time of approval.)

Alec Blair – Program Lead, Enterprise Architecture, Alberta Health Services

Alec has been working as an Enterprise Architect and Enterprise Architecture manager/coach for the last 15 of his 28 years in the IT industry. Alec currently leads the Alberta Health Services Enterprise Architecture community of expertise and is a Certified Business Architect® (CBA®).

Chalon Mullins – Retired from Kaiser Permanente

For many years Chalon used his full range of architecture expertise to ensure the Agile implementation of technology. Through this expertise he helped organizations adopt and adapt IT to solve business problems. He is currently Chair of The Open Group Architecture Forum Business Architecture Working Group.

J. Bryan Lail – Business Architect Fellow, Raytheon

J. Bryan Lail is a Business Architect Fellow at Raytheon. He is a Certified Business Architect® (CBA®) with the Business Architecture Guild®, a Master Certified Architect with The Open Group, and a Raytheon Certified Architect applying strategic business architecture methods in the defense industry. His career has spanned physics research, engineering for the Navy and Raytheon, and multiple publications in the application of architecture to business strategy.

Magaly Perez – Enterprise Architect, Intel Corporation

Magaly is currently implementing Business Architecture and business capability planning within her Information Security and Infrastructure organization. Her passion is to produce more business-focused investment strategies to transform value delivery through connection of cybersecurity and technology.

Mike Lambert — Fellow of The Open Group

Mike was a pioneer in the development of the TOGAF® Standard and played a key role in shaping enterprise architecture. As Chief Technical Officer for The Open Group, he contributed to the IEEE 1003.0 architecture standard in the late 1980s and led TOGAF’s development until version 8. Prior to this, he held leadership roles at ICL, serving as Chief Architect for its manufacturing solutions.

Upon leaving The Open Group in 2003, he was honored as its first Fellow for his contributions to open systems and architecture. He later served as Forum Director and CTO at Architecting-the-Enterprise Ltd., focusing on TOGAF training and development. Mike also lectured on enterprise architecture at the University of Reading from 2004 to 2011. In 2012, he received The Open Group’s Lifetime Achievement award, and from 2015 to 2020, he chaired the Architecture Forum, overseeing the release of the TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2.

Peter Ridgway – Digital Business Advisor, Fujitsu

Peter has worked in the UK and Australia with government, private, and academic sectors as a business and ICT mediator. From Business and Operating Models, Risk & Security, to Information and Technology, the identification of value and objectives, building strategy, and delivering outcomes is his primary focus.

Stephen Marshall – Strategy Consultant

Stephen Marshall is a Certified Master Architect with The Open Group (Open CA), a Certified Business Architect (CBA, and an IBM Certified Architect. He is currently a Senior Research Analyst at BuddeComm. Stephen is a highly experienced strategy consultant, business researcher, and market analyst with deep global experience, particularly across Asia and the Middle East.

Steve DuPont – Associate Technical Fellow, Boeing

Steve has been contributing to The Open Group standards since 2009 and is a Certified Business Architect® (CBA®). He is an Associate Technical Fellow and Senior Enterprise Architect with the Boeing Company providing Enterprise Architecture leadership to strategic aerospace initiatives such as new commercial airplane programs, global business development initiatives, and mergers and acquisitions.

Terence (Terry) Blevins — Fellow of The Open Group; Owner of Enterprise Wise LLC

Terence Blevins, a Fellow of The Open Group, is owner of Enterprise Wise LLC and a semi-retired Enterprise Architect. He is a former Director of The Open Group Governing Board.

With a career in architecture dating back to the 1980s, Terence held leadership roles at NCR Corporation, including Director of Strategic Architecture. He became involved with The Open Group in 1996, co-chairing the Architecture Forum and contributing to the TOGAF® Standard, notably the Business Scenario method.

He later served as Vice-President and CIO of The Open Group, advancing its vision of Boundaryless Information Flow™. Terence holds undergraduate and master’s degrees in Mathematics from Youngstown State University and is TOGAF® 8 Certified.

Acknowledgements

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following people and organizations for their contribution to the development of the documents within this compilatio set.

(Please note affiliations were current at the time of approval.)

TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Models

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following people and organizations for their contribution to the development of this document:

•   The authors and reviewers – Steve DuPont, J. Bryan Lail, Stephen Marshall, Chalon Mullins, Alec Blair, and Mats Gejnevall

•   Past and present members of The Open Group Architecture Forum

•   The Business Architecture Guild for permission to reuse graphics

References to the Business Model Canvas are as per the usage conventions issued by strategyzer.com.

TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Capabilities

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the following individual in the development of this document:

•   Frédéric Lé – DXC Technology

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the following individuals in the development of the first version of this document:

•   Sonia Gonzalez – The Open Group

•   Kirk Hansen – Metaplexity Associates

•   Harry Hendrickx – HPE

•   Rich Hillard – Project Editor, ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010

•   Chalon Mullins – Business Architecture Guild

•   Gerard Peters – Capgemini

•   Jim Rhyne – Business Architecture Guild

•   Pieter Steyn – Enterprise Architects

TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Capability Planning

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the following people in the development of this document:

•   Alec Blair – Enterprise Architect, Alberta Health Services

•   Bryan Lail – Enterprise Architect, Raytheon

•   Stephen Marshall – Strategy Consultant

•   Chalon Mullins – Retired from Kaiser Permanente

•   Magaly Perez – Enterprise Architect, Intel Corporation

•   Peter Ridgway – Digital Business Advisor, Fujitsu

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges past and present members of The Open Group Architecture Forum for their contribution in the development of this document. This specifically includes:

•   Daniel Hutley – Forum Director, The Open Group Architecture Forum

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following reviewers who participated in the Company Review of this document:

•   Etienne Terpstra-Hollander – OpenText

•   Alec Blair – Alberta Health Services

TOGAF® Series Guide: Value Streams

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the following people in the development of this document:

•   Chris Armstrong – Armstrong Process Group

•   Mats Gejnevail – Combitech

•   Sonia Gonzalez – The Open Group

•   Harry Hendrickx – Hewlett Packard Enterprise

•   Andrew Josey – The Open Group

•   Gerard Peters – Capgemini

•   Sarina Viljoen – Huawei

TOGAF® Series Guide: Information Mapping

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the following people in the development of this document:

•   The Authors: Steve DuPont, J. Bryan Lail, and Stephen Marshall

•   Key Reviewers: Alec Blair, Mats Gejnevall, Chalon Mullins, William Ulrich

•   Key Enablers: Sonia Gonzalez, Mike Lambert

•   Reviewers: Samuel Biller, Dave Gilmour, Sonia Gonzalez, Andrew Josey

and also past and present members of The Open Group Architecture Forum.

TOGAF® Series Guide: Organization Mapping

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the authors of this document:

•   Steve Dupont

•   J. Bryan Lail

•   Stephen Marshall

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges members of The Open Group Architecture Forum past and present for their contribution in the development of this document, including the following key enablers:

•   Sonia Gonzalez

•   Mike Lambert

TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Scenarios

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the authors – Terry Blevins and Mike Lambert – and also past and present members of The Open Group Architecture Forum for their contribution in the development of this document.

Referenced Documents

The following documents are referenced in this TOGAF® Series Guide:

[BAG, 2015]

Linking Business Models with Business Architecture to Drive Innovation, White Paper, Business Architecture Guild®, August 2015

[BIZBOK Guide]

A Guide to the Business Architecture Body of Knowledge® (BIZBOK® Guide), Version 6.5, Business Architecture Guild®, 2018

[C220]

The TOGAF® Standard, 10th Edition, a standard of The Open Group (C220), published by The Open Group, April 2022; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/c220

[G178]

TOGAF® Series Guide: Value Streams (G178), published by The Open Group, April 2022; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/g178

[G211]

TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Capabilities, Version 2 (G211), published by The Open Group, April 2022; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/g211

[Johnson, 2010]

Seizing the White Space: Business Model Innovation for Growth and Renewal, by Mark W. Johnson,‎ Harvard Business Review Press, 2010

[Kaplan, 2012]

The Business Model Innovation Factory: How to Stay Relevant when the World is Changing, by Saul Kaplan, 2012

[Lindgren & Rasmussen, 2013]

The Business Model Cube, Peter Lindgren, Ole Horn Rasmussen, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark, Journal of Multi Business Model Innovation and Technology, pp.135-182, River Publishers; refer to: www.riverpublishers.com/journal/journal_articles/RP_Journal_2245-456X_131.pdf

[Osterwalder & Pigneur 2010]

Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers, Alexander Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, published by John Wiley & Sons, 2010

[Porter, 2008]

The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy, Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business Review Press, 2008

[Rotman, 2015]

What is Business Design?, Rotman DesignWorks, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, 2015

[Simon, 2011]

The Age of the Platform: How Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google have Redefined Business, Phil Simon, Motion Publishing, 2011

[W17B]

Defining the IT Operating Model, The Open Group White Paper (W17B), published by The Open Group, September 2017; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/w17b

[BIZBOK Guide]

A Guide to the Business Architecture Body of Knowledge® (BIZBOK® Guide), Version 6.5, Business Architecture Guild®, 2018

[G233]

TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Capability Planning (G233), published by The Open Group, April 2023; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/g233

[Homann, 2006]

A Business-Oriented Foundation for Service-Orientation, Ulrich Homann, Microsoft® Corporation, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2006

[C226]

ArchiMate® 3.2 Specification, a standard of The Open Group (C226), published by The Open Group, October 2022; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/c226

[G152]

TOGAF® Series Guide: Integrating Risk and Security within a TOGAF® Enterprise Architecture (G152), published by The Open Group, April 2022; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/g152

[Martin, 1995]

Great Transition: Using the Seven Disciplines of Enterprise Engineering, by James Martin, published by AMACOM, 1995

[NATO]

Handbook on Long-Term Defence Planning, RTO Technical Report 69, by NATO Research and Technology Organization, published by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), April 2003; refer to: apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA414193.pdf

[Porter, 2004]

Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, by Michael E. Porter, published by Free Press, 2004

[W16C]

Capability-Based Planning: The Link between Strategy and Enterprise Architecture, White Paper (W16C), published by The Open Group, November 2016; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/w16c

[Womack, 1991]

The Machine that Changed the World, by James D.J. Womack, published by Harper Perennial, 1991

[Allee, 2003]

The Future of Knowledge: Increasing Prosperity through Value Networks, by Verna Allee, published by Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003

[Porter, 1985]

Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, by Michael E. Porter, published by Free Press, 1985

[Womack et al., 1990]

The Machine that Changed the World, by James Womack, Daniel Jones, and Daniel Roos, published by Free Press, 1990

[BIZBOK Guide]

A Guide to the Business Architecture Body of Knowledge® (BIZBOK® Guide), Version 8.0, Part 1: Introduction, published by the Business Architecture Guild®, August 2018; refer to: www.businessarchitectureguild.org/page/002

[G190]

TOGAF® Series Guide: Information Mapping (G190), published by The Open Group, April 2022; refer to: www.opengroup.org/library/g190

[Mintzberg & Van der Heyden, 1999]

Organigraphs: Drawing How Companies Really Work, by Henry Mintzberg and Ludo Van der Heyden, September-October 1999, published by the Harvard Business Review; refer to: www.hbr.org/1999/09/organigraphs-drawing-how-companies-really-work

Part 1: Business Models

The Open Group

This document is the TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Models.

This document provides a basis for Enterprise Architects to understand and utilize business models, which describe the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value. It covers the concept and purpose of business models and highlights the Business Model Canvas™ technique.

1. Introduction

This TOGAF® Series Guide to Business Models provides a basis for Enterprise Architects to understand and utilize business models, which describe the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value.[1] Business models provide a powerful construct to help focus and align an organization around its strategic vision and execution. In this document we cover different forms of business models and approaches to modeling, from the conceptual down to a practical example.