117,99 €
Mehr erfahren.
- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
ANTENNA AND EM MODELING WITH MATLAB ANTENNA TOOLBOX(TM) An essential text to MATLAB Antenna Toolbox(TM) as accessible and easy-to-use full-wave antenna modeling tool Antenna and EM Modeling with MATLAB Antenna Toolbox(TM) is a textbook on antennas intended for a one semester course. The core philosophy is to introduce the key antenna concepts and follow them up with full-wave modeling and optimization in the MATLAB Antenna Toolbox(TM). Such an approach will enable immediate testing of theoretical concepts by experimenting in software. It also provides the direct path to research work. The fundamental families of antennas -- dipoles, loops, patches, and traveling wave antennas -- are discussed in detail, together with the respective antenna arrays. Using antenna parameters such as impedance, reflection coefficient, efficiency, directivity, and gain, the reader is introduced to the different ways of understanding the performance of an antenna. Written for senior undergraduates, graduates as well as RF/Antenna engineers, Antenna and EM Modeling with Antenna Toolbox(TM) is a resource that: * Provides 14 video assisted laboratories on using Antenna Toolbox(TM) * Includes approximately 50 real-world examples in antenna and array design * Offers approximately 200 homework problems * Provides multiple ready-to-use standalone MATLAB¯® scripts
Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:
Seitenzahl: 400
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021
Ähnliche
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Preface and Text Organization
List of Notations
About the Companion Website
CHAPTER 1: Antenna Circuit Model. Antenna Matching. Antenna Bandwidth
SECTION 1 LUMPED CIRCUIT MODEL OF AN ANTENNA. ANTENNA INPUT IMPEDANCE
1.1 ANTENNA CIRCUIT MODEL. ANTENNA LOSS
1.2 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER TO (AND FROM) ANTENNA
1.3 ANTENNA EFFICIENCY
1.4 ANTENNA INPUT IMPEDANCE AND IMPEDANCE MATCHING
1.5 POINT OF INTEREST: INPUT IMPEDANCE OF A DIPOLE ANTENNA AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON DIPOLE LENGTH
1.6 BEYOND THE FIRST RESONANCE
1.7 NUMERICAL MODELING
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 ANTENNA WITH TRANSMISSION LINE. ANTENNA REFLECTION COEFFICIENT. ANTENNA MATCHING. VSWR
1.8 ANTENNA REFLECTION COEFFICIENT FOR A LUMPED CIRCUIT
1.9 ANTENNA REFLECTION COEFFICIENT WITH A FEEDING TRANSMISSION LINE
1.10 ANTENNA IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATION. ANTENNA MATCH VIA TRANSMISSION LINE
1.11 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT EXPRESSED IN DECIBELS AND ANTENNA BANDWIDTH
1.12 VSWR OF THE ANTENNA
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 2: Receiving Antenna
SECTION 1 ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR THE RECEIVING ANTENNA
2.1 MODEL OF THE RECEIVING ANTENNA AND ITS DISCUSSION
2.2 FINDING CURRENT OF A RECEIVE DIPOLE
2.3 FINDING
V
OC
OF A RECEIVE DIPOLE.
INDUCED EMF
METHOD. SMALL ANTENNAS RECEIVE MUCH LESS POWER
2.4 EXPRESSING
V
OC
OF A RECEIVE DIPOLE IN TERMS OF TRANSMITTER PARAMETERS
2.5 VOLTAGE AND POWER TRANSFER FUNCTIONS
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 MODEL OF A TWO‐PORT NETWORK FOR TX/RX ANTENNAS
2.6 IMPEDANCE MATRIX (MUTUAL IMPEDANCE) APPROACH TO THE ANTENNA‐TO‐ANTENNA LINK
2.7 TRANSFER FUNCTION IN TERMS OF VOLTAGE ACROSS THE TX ANTENNA
2.8 SCATTERING MATRIX APPROACH (TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT)
2.9 POWER TRANSFER FUNCTION
2.10 MUTUAL IMPEDANCE OF TWO DIPOLES
2.11 TWO‐PORT NETWORK ANTENNA MODEL IN MATLAB ANTENNA TOOLBOX
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 3: Antenna Radiation
ECTION 1 MAXWELL EQUATIONS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
3.1 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS
3.2 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
3.3 ABOUT ELECTROSTATIC, MAGNETOSTATIC, AND DIRECT CURRENT APPROXIMATIONS
3.4 ANALYTICAL SOLUTION TO MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN TIME DOMAIN. PLANE WAVES
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 SOLUTION FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN TERMS OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC POTENTIALS
3.5 MAGNETIC VECTOR POTENTIAL AND ELECTRIC SCALAR POTENTIAL
3.6 COMPARISON WITH THE STATIC CASE. COULOMB GAUGE
3.7 EQUATIONS FOR POTENTIALS. LORENTZ GAUGE
3.8 WAVE EQUATIONS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN
3.9 SOLUTION FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 3 ANTENNA RADIATION
3.10 RADIATION OF A SMALL UNIFORM CURRENT ELEMENT (
l
A
<<
λ
) [1]
3.11 NEAR‐ AND FAR‐FIELD REGIONS FOR A SMALL ANTENNA
3.12 RADIATION OF A DIPOLE WITH THE SINUSOIDAL CURRENT DISTRIBUTION
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 4 ANTENNA DIRECTIVITY AND GAIN
3.13 ANTENNA DIRECTIVITY
3.14 ANTENNA GAIN AND REALIZED GAIN
3.15 ANTENNA EFFECTIVE APERTURE – RECEIVING ANTENNA AS A POWER COLLECTOR
3.16 FRIIS TRANSMISSION EQUATION [1]
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 4: Antenna Balun. Antenna Reflector. Method of Images
SECTION 1 ANTENNA BALUN
4.1 DIPOLE FEED IN NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS
4.2 ANTENNA BALUN
4.3 SPLIT‐COAXIAL BALUN
4.4 DYSON BALUN
4.5 CENTRAL TAP TRANSFORMER AS THE DYSON BALUN
4.6 ANTENNA IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATION
4.7 A QUICK SOLUTION
4.8 END‐OF‐SECTION STORY
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 ANTENNA REFLECTOR
4.9 GROUND PLANE FOR AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE. THE
λ
/4‐RULE
4.10 METHOD OF IMAGES
4.11 EFFECT OF GROUND PLANE ON ANTENNA IMPEDANCE
4.12 EFFECT OF GROUND PLANE ON THE RADIATION PATTERN
4.13 EXTENSIONS OF THE IMAGE METHOD: CORNER REFLECTOR
4.14 FINITE GROUND PLANE – GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
4.15 FRONT‐TO‐BACK RATIO
NOTES TO PROBLEMS OF THIS SECTION GIVEN BELOW
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 5: Dipole Antenna Family: Broadband Antennas that Operate as Dipoles at Low Frequencies
SECTION 1 BROADBAND DIPOLES AND MONOPOLES
5.1 DIPOLE. SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS RESULTS
5.2 MONOPOLE
5.3 BROADBAND (LARGE) DIPOLES
5.4 CANONIC DIPOLES AND THEIR PERFORMANCE
REFERENCE
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 BICONICAL, WIDE BLADE, AND VIVALDI ANTENNAS
5.5 BICONICAL “DIPOLE” OR BICONICAL ANTENNA [2]
5.6 WIDE BLADE DIPOLE: TWO ANTENNAS IN ONE
5.7 BLADE DIPOLE WITH ONE RADIATING SLOT – VIVALDI ANTENNA
REFERENCES
PROBLEM
CHAPTER 6: Loop Antennas
SECTION 1 LOOP ANTENNA VS. DIPOLE ANTENNA
6.1 CONCEPT
6.2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS
6.3 FULL‐WAVE SIMULATION RESULTS
6.4 WHY LOOP ANTENNA?
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 7: Small Antennas
SECTION 1 FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS ON ANTENNA BANDWIDTH
7.1 ANTENNA SIZE ESTIMATE
7.2 BANDWIDTH OF A SMALL ANTENNA
7.3 FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS ON THE BANDWIDTH OF A SMALL ANTENNA [1–6]
7.4 ONE HIDDEN PROBLEM WITH A SMALL ANTENNA
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 PRACTICAL ANTENNA MATCHING AND TUNING FOR A PREDEFINED (50 Ω) IMPEDANCE
7.5 DOUBLE TUNING – INDUCTIVE (SMALL LOOP) ANTENNA
7.6 DOUBLE TUNING – CAPACITIVE (SMALL DIPOLE OR MONOPOLE) ANTENNA
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 8: Patch and PIFA Antennas
SECTION 1 PATCH ANTENNAS
8.1 CONCEPT
8.2 FIELDS
8.3 CAD FORMULAS FOR PATCH ANTENNA
8.4 CAD FORMULAS FOR THE PATCH ANTENNA EFFICIENCY
8.5 PATCH ANTENNA EXAMPLE: CROSS‐POLARIZATION AND NEAR FIELDS
RADIATION PATTERN – CO‐POLAR AND CROSS‐POLAR COMPONENTS. POLARIZATION ISOLATION
8.6 PATCH ANTENNA FAMILY
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 PLANAR INVERTED F (PIFA) ANTENNA. BANDWIDTH ESTIMATIONS
8.7 CONCEPT
8.8 PIFA TYPES. BEHAVIOR OF INPUT IMPEDANCE
8.9 PIFA MODELING
8.10 BANDWIDTH RESULTS
8.11 COMPARISON WITH OTHER DATA
8.12 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 9: Traveling Wave Antennas
SECTION 1 LONG WIRE ANTENNA AND YAGI‐UDA ANTENNA
9.1 CONCEPT
9.2 FEATURES AND MODELING
9.3 MODELING WITH ANTENNA TOOLBOX
9.4 YAGI‐UDA ANTENNA
9.5 TRAVELING WAVE FORMATION ALONG YAGI‐UDA ANTENNA
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 HELICAL AND SPIRAL ANTENNAS
9.6 HELICAL ANTENNA: NORMAL MODE OF OPERATION
9.7 HELICAL ANTENNA: AXIAL MODE OF OPERATION
9.8 MODELING WITH ANTENNA TOOLBOX
9.9 SPIRAL ANTENNA: ARCHIMEDEAN SPIRAL
9.10 MODELING WITH ANTENNA TOOLBOX
9.11 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
9.12 EQUIANGULAR SPIRAL ANTENNA
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 10: Antenna Designer Including Circularly Polarized Antennas
SECTION 1 FAST ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF INDIVIDUAL ANTENNAS
10.1 ANTENNA DESIGNER
10.2 USING PRE‐OPTIMIZED ANTENNA GEOMETRY
10.3 PERFORMING GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION ON THE FLY
10.4 DESIGN EXAMPLE
10.5 ANTENNA PRESELECTION FOR A GIVEN TASK
REFERENCE
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 MEANING OF CIRCULAR POLARIZATION AND PROPER ANTENNA ORIENTATION
10.6 ANTENNA PHASE SHIFT OR DELAY
10.7 CIRCULARLY POLARIZED RX/TX ANTENNAS AND THEIR REQUIRED ORIENTATIONS IN SPACE
10.8 SEPARATION OF RADIATED FIELD INTO TWO CIRCULAR POLARIZATION COMPONENTS [1–3]
10.9 QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF CIRCULAR POLARIZATION
10.10 CIRCULARLY POLARIZED TURNSTILE ANTENNA
10.11 CIRCULARLY POLARIZED PATCH ANTENNA
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 11: Antenna Arrays
SECTION 1 ARRAY TYPES. ARRAY FACTOR. CONCEPT OF A SCANNING ARRAY
11.1 ARRAY TYPES
11.2 BASIC ARRAY OF TWO DIPOLES
11.3 ARRAY FACTOR FOR IDENTICAL RADIATORS
11.4 ARRAY RADIATED POWER AND ARRAY DIRECTIVITY
11.5 DIRECTIVITY OF THE ARRAY AND DIRECTIVITY OF THE ARRAY FACTOR
11.6 CONCEPT OF A SCANNING ARRAY
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 2 LINEAR ARRAYS
11.7 BROADSIDE LINEAR ARRAY
11.8 ARRAY AMPLITUDE TAPER
11.9 BINOMIAL BROADSIDE ARRAY
11.10 DOLPH‐CHEBYSHEV BROADSIDE ARRAY
11.11 ENDFIRE LINEAR ARRAY
11.12 HANSEN‐WOODYARD ENDFIRE ARRAY
11.13 LINEAR ARRAY FOR ARBITRARY SCAN ANGLES
11.14 SUPERDIRECTIVITY
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
SECTION 3 PLANAR ARRAYS
11.15 THEORETICAL GAIN PATTERN OF A FINITE 2D ARRAY
11.16 DESIGN OF SMALL 2D ARRAYS: IMPEDANCE BANDWIDTH IMPROVEMENT AND DIRECTIVITY
11.17 CORPORATE SERIES FEED – WILKINSON POWER DIVIDERS
11.18 CORPORATE (PARALLEL) FEED
REFERENCES
PROBLEMS
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Preface and Text Organization
TABLE 1 Organization of printed matter, video laboratories, tutorials, and video...
Chapter 2
TABLE 2.1 Received open‐circuit voltages for different dipole lengths.
Chapter 4
TABLE 4.1 Some antenna types and balun necessity.
TABLE 4.2 Physical parameters of the dipole and the balun in Figure 4.4a,b op...
TABLE 4.3 Front‐to‐back ratio for the horizontal dipole as a function of the ...
Chapter 5
TABLE 5.1 Impedance parameters of the center‐fed wire or strip dipole.
Chapter 6
TABLE 6.1 Comparative Characteristics of Dipole and Loop Antennas.
Chapter 8
TABLE 8.1 Design Criteria for a Simple Patch Antenna Configuration.
TABLE 8.2 Resonant behavior of four PIFA antennas and optimal antenna width,
d
TABLE 8.3 Some UHF PIFA/patch RFID antennas in 915 MHz and 869 MHz bands. The...
Chapter 11
TABLE 11.1 Array weighting coefficients for the binomial taper.
TABLE 11.2 Array weighting coefficients for Chebyshev taper. The sidelobe lev...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 A generator (its Thévenin equivalent) connected to an antenna.
Figure 1.2 Average antenna power as a function of the antenna resistance for...
Figure 1.3 A generator (its Thévenin equivalent) connected to an antenna – t...
Figure 1.4 Dipole antenna for the evaluation of the reflection coefficient....
Figure 1.5 Dipole antenna impedance in the vicinity of its first (series) re...
Figure 1.6 Dipole antenna impedance in the vicinity of its first (series) re...
Figure 1.7 Equivalence of the TX circuits with and without the transmission ...
Figure 1.8 Magnitude of the reflection coefficient in dB for the dipole ante...
Figure 1.9 Reflection coefficient in dB (left) versus VSWR (right) for the s...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Model of the receiving antenna with a voltage source.
Figure 2.2 Receiving antenna configuration for finding
V
OC
. Both the inciden...
Figure 2.3 Geometry of the antenna‐to‐antenna link. Both antennas may have d...
Figure 2.4 Power transfer function for two 15 cm long dipoles separated by 1...
Figure 2.5 A path between the transmitting and receiving antennas in the for...
Figure 2.6 Transformations of the two‐port antenna network in frequency doma...
Figure 2.7 Network transformation of the antenna‐to‐antenna link – the S‐mat...
Figure 2.8 (a) Creation of a TX/RX geometry in the MATLAB Antenna Toolbox us...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Problem geometry for boundary conditions at a media interface.
Figure 3.2 Illustration of electrostatic and magnetostatic approximations.
Figure 3.3 Plane electromagnetic wave that propagates along the
x
‐axis.
Figure 3.4 Coordinate system and radiating configuration for a small current...
Figure 3.5 Plot of the ratio of the magnitudes of electric and magnetic fiel...
Figure 3.6 Coordinate system and radiating configuration for a finite dipole...
Figure 3.7 Dipole geometry for Pocklington integral equation.
Figure 3.8 Schematic distribution of the E‐ and H‐fields, and of the Poyntin...
Figure 3.9 Omnidirectional directivity pattern in decibel of a half‐wave dip...
Figure 3.10 Directivity pattern in decibel of a λ/2 half-wave dipole (solid ...
Figure 3.11 Antenna setup for Friis transmission equation. The antenna types...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Base center‐fed cylindrical dipole.
Figure 4.2 (a and b) Appearance of undesired currents on the outer surface o...
Figure 4.3 (a) Split‐tube or split‐coaxial balun geometry, associated dimens...
Figure 4.4 (a) Dipole prototypes built with the split‐coaxial balun followin...
Figure 4.5 Dyson balun for (a) single‐polarization dipole antenna; (b) loop ...
Figure 4.6 A 180° power divider on the base of an ideal transformer.
Figure 4.7 Simplified center‐fed dipole model used for impedance computation...
Figure 4.8 A “Vivaldi” antenna element.
Figure 4.9 Concept of a reflecting (metal) ground plane.
Figure 4.10 Feed placement for a horn cavity.
Figure 4.11 (a) Method of images for a horizontal dipole above a ground plan...
Figure 4.12 Radiation geometry in spherical coordinates. The dipole offset f...
Figure 4.13 UHF corner‐reflector dipoles at 433 MHz.
Figure 4.14 (a) The corner reflector with corner angle of 90° – top view – a...
Figure 4.15 Geometrical optics approximation for a dipole above a finite gro...
Figure 4.16 Geometry for a half‐wave dipole with quarter wave separation. Th...
Figure 4.17 Radiation patterns of the dipole above a finite ground plane of ...
Figure 4.18 Geometry of a turnstile antenna.
Figure 4.19 Geometry of a vertical electric dipole above a ground plane.
Figure 4.20 Geometry of a vertical electric dipole between two metal walls....
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Center‐fed cylindrical dipole oriented along the
x
‐axis.
Figure 5.2 Examples of broadband dipoles. From left to right (and then from ...
Figure 5.3 Five representative dipole antenna configurations: thin dipole, a...
Figure 5.4 Biconical dipole geometry – the
xz
‐plane.
Figure 5.5 Impedance (radiation resistance) of a large biconical antenna as ...
Figure 5.6 Two biconical antenna configurations: a “slender” biconical dipol...
Figure 5.7 A wire‐wound biconical dipole.
Figure 5.8 Blade dipole – two antennas in one geometry setup.
Figure 5.9 Blade dipole with one radiating slot – two antennas in one setup ...
Figure 5.10 VSWR of the antenna in Figure 5.9 and its broadside gain.
Figure 5.11 Double blade dipole with a Vivaldi slot directly matched to 50 Ω...
Figure 5.12 VSWR of the antenna in Figure 5.11 and its broadside gain along ...
Figure 5.13 Other shapes of broadband dipoles combining the dipole and horn ...
Figure 5.14 Dipole antenna in the form of two disks.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Loop antennas with the diameter of 11.5″ (thick copper wire with ...
Figure 6.2 (a) Small dipole of constant current
I
0
– (the derivation is give...
Figure 6.3 Directivity pattern of a quarter‐wave‐circumference loop versus t...
Figure 6.4 Directivity pattern of a quarter‐wave‐circumference loop (dashed ...
Figure 6.5 A 15 cm long dipole versus a 30 cm long loop to scale.
Figure 6.6 Input impedance of the 15 cm long dipole (Figure 6.6‐top) versus ...
Figure 6.7 Radiation patterns (total gain) of the loop antenna with the leng...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 TX circuit with a small antenna.
Figure 7.2 Half‐power small‐antenna bandwidth and its approximation.
Figure 7.3 A base sphere surrounding a small antenna.
Figure 7.4 Commercial printed flexible dipole antenna “Taoglas 433 MHz.” The...
Figure 7.5 Reflection coefficient (called return loss here) for printed flex...
Figure 7.6 Antenna metal foil – the printed dipole – modeled in Ansys HFSS....
Figure 7.7 Reflection coefficient
Γ
of the printed dipole versus 50 Ω a...
Figure 7.8 Double tuning the loop antenna in the TX or RX mode.
Figure 7.9 Double tuning a small monopole antenna in the TX mode. The dipole...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 A metal patch antenna as a
λ
g
/2 open–open section on the bas...
Figure 8.2 Left – Fields, charges, and currents for the simplified patch ant...
Figure 8.3 Patch antenna geometry for linear polarization: (a) with a micros...
Figure 8.4 Rectangular‐patch antenna at 2.37 GHz on a low‐epsilon RT/duroid®...
Figure 8.5 (a) Surface mesh for a patch antenna. (b) Tetrahedral volume mesh...
Figure 8.6 Input impedance curves for the patch antenna shown in Figure 8.4....
Figure 8.7 Total directivity for the patch antenna shown in Figure 8.4 at re...
Figure 8.8 Directivity of the co‐polar and cross‐polar fields vs. elevation ...
Figure 8.9 Fields within the patch antenna at the resonant frequency. Top – ...
Figure 8.10 Top – free surface charge density on the metal surface. Light co...
Figure 8.11 First row – VHF/UHF downlink/uplink patch antennas at 146/437 MH...
Figure 8.12 Patch antenna geometry.
Figure 8.13 Patch antenna geometry.
Figure 8.14 Patch antenna geometry.
Figure 8.15 Three variations of PIFA: (a) Conventional PIFA. (b) PIFA with a...
Figure 8.16 Top – Four different base PIFA configurations: (a) PIFA with a n...
Figure 8.17 Half‐power antenna bandwidth vs. normalized antenna height for f...
Figure 8.18 Some literature data on the PIFA bandwidth. References [1–6] cor...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Long wire antenna with a generator and a termination resistance (...
Figure 9.2 Geometry for computing radiation pattern of the long wire antenna...
Figure 9.3 Normalized directivity pattern of the long wire (“beverage”) ante...
Figure 9.4 Construction of Yagi‐Uda antenna.
Figure 9.5 (a) Small helical antenna connected to a passive RFID tag at 433 ...
Figure 9.6 Illustration of circularly polarized or rotating current (and fie...
Figure 9.7 Geometry of a two‐arm Archimedean spiral antenna and the band rad...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Opening Antenna Designer app in MATLAB 2020a.
Figure 10.2 Set of available antenna topologies in MATLAB 2020a.
Figure 10.3 Geometry and simulation data for the PIFA radiator.
Figure 10.4 Input impedance for the default inverted‐F antenna configuration...
Figure 10.5 Three antenna candidates for the selected antenna task.
Figure 10.6 Asymmetry of the phase shifting operation in the TX/RX mode at t...
Figure 10.7 Operation of the RHCP antenna.
Figure 10.8 RHCP/LHCP antenna orientations and the corresponding transmissio...
Figure 10.9 Local coordinate system for explaining circular polarization.
Figure 10.10 Examples of circularly polarized antennas (turnstile dipoles). ...
Figure 10.11 A circularly polarized patch antenna with two separate feeds ex...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 A 4 GHz directional‐power 4 × 4 patch antenna array with the cor...
Figure 11.2 A 500 MHz–1 GHz directional‐power dipole antenna array with the ...
Figure 11.3 A 500 MHz–1 GHz directional‐power blade‐dipole
modular
antenna a...
Figure 11.4 A 500–750 MHz coaxial‐dipole antenna array with the independent ...
Figure 11.5 A small‐size scanning 920 MHz bowtie dipole array with dual line...
Figure 11.6 Radiation geometry of two dipoles in spherical coordinates. The ...
Figure 11.7 Broadside and endfire linear arrays.
Figure 11.8 Power ratio
at two different element spacings for the linear b...
Figure 11.9 A dipole array behavior (cross section) in a two‐dimensional spa...
Figure 11.10 (a) Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadside ...
Figure 11.11 Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadside arra...
Figure 11.12 Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadside arra...
Figure 11.13 Directivity patterns of the array factor for the endfire array ...
Figure 11.14 Directivity patterns of the array factor for Hansen‐Woodyard ar...
Figure 11.15 (a,b) Directivity patterns of the array factor for the broadsid...
Figure 11.16 Planar array geometry and unit cell dimensions.
Figure 11.17 The array unit cell on the size of 240 × 240 mm.
Figure 11.18 Theory versus numerical simulations of an 8 × 8 array of dipole...
Figure 11.19 Theory (directivity of the array factor only) versus numerical ...
Figure 11.20 Top view of a unit cell consisting of a resonant dipole above a...
Figure 11.21 Reflection coefficient S
11
for the isolated unit cell comprisin...
Figure 11.22 The geometry for the 2 × 1, 3 × 1, 4 × 1, and 3 × 2 arrays is s...
Figure 11.23 The geometry for the 4 × 2, 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 arrays is sh...
Figure 11.24 Corporate‐feeding network used for the 64‐element antenna array...
Figure 11.25 Simulated behavior of two (2 : 1, 4 : 1) series Wilkinson divid...
Figure 11.26 Example of the corporate feed for a 2 × 2 patch antenna array u...
Guide
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Preface and Text Organization
List of Notations
About the Companion Website
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Index
Wiley End User License Agreement
Pages
iii
iv
v
ix
x
xi
xiii
xv
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
171
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
ANTENNA AND EM MODELING WITH MATLAB® ANTENNA TOOLBOX
SECOND EDITION
Dr. Sergey N. Makarov
Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcester, MA, USA
Dr. Vishwanath Iyer
MathWorks, Inc.Sherborn, MA, USA
Dr. Shashank Kulkarni
MathWorks, Inc.Khajaguda, Hyderabad, India
Dr. Steven R. Best
MegaWave, LLCWorcester, MA, USA
This second edition first published 2021© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Edition HistoryFirst Edition: © John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 2002
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Dr. Sergey N. Makarov, Dr. Vishwanath Iyer, Dr. Shashank Kulkarni, and Dr. Steven R. Best to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered OfficeJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Editorial Office111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of WarrantyMATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This work’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for:
ISBN: 9781119693697
Cover design by WileyCover image: © Andrey Suslov/Shutterstock, sovika/iStock/Getty Images
To our children
Preface and Text Organization
The first edition of this book and the subsequent work of coauthors resulted in MATLAB® Antenna Toolbox™ – a dedicated learning and research software tool for major antenna and array types. Internally, the toolbox uses the Method of Moments (the method of integral equation) for modeling metal and metal‐dielectric antennas. Rao–Wilton–Glisson basis functions on triangular facets are used for the metal parts and edge basis functions on tetrahedra are used for the dielectric parts. Accurate semi‐analytical calculation of near‐field interactions between neighbors facets and tetrahedra assures good solution accuracy.
The Antenna Toolbox has a relatively flexible 2.5D CAD geometry generator and it has an option to import an arbitrary surface antenna or an antenna platform mesh. In addition to multiple programmatic examples, it features over 60 different predesigned antenna configurations grouped by various families such as patch antennas, monopoles, dipoles, spirals, etc. and continues to grow.
In contrast to the first edition devoted to the development of numerical modeling, this second edition is structured differently. It is presented as a succinct yet self‐contained introduction to basic antenna modeling and design with an emphasis on the antenna modeling with the already available MATLAB® Antenna Toolbox. Special attention is paid to small antennas where the Method of Moments remains the most accurate modeling tool. The present text has been used for a one‐semester graduate or a senior‐level undergraduate course for EE/ECE majors and other interested students. It can also be used for an independent study.
The text covers major antenna and array types, and concepts, along with the necessary theoretical background. The text also includes a number of practical antenna/array design examples performed by the authors. Wherever possible, we refer to more comprehensive and fundamental antenna books by C. A. Balanis, W. L. Stutzman, G. A. Thiele, R. C. Hansen, T. Milligan, and the others.
The text organization is shown in Table 1. It includes printed matter, MATLAB® Antenna Toolbox video laboratories, video tutorials, and video lectures, and is targeting either mixed or online material delivery. For running laboratories, MATLAB® 2018 or newer is required with Antenna Toolbox and RF Toolbox installed.
TABLE 1 Organization of printed matter, video laboratories, tutorials, and video lectures. The text content has been tentatively divided into 12 lectures; other arrangements are possible, indeed. Video laboratories (shadowed) teach how to use the Antenna Toolbox.
#
Topic
Antenna Toolbox laboratory recordings
Lecture recordings
1
Antenna circuit model, antenna impedance
(
Chapter 1
Section 1)
LabSession1.mp4 (10 minutes)
Lecture1_Recording.mp4 (20 minutes)
2
Antenna reflection coefficient, VSWR, antenna bandwidth
(
Chapter 1
Section 2)
LabSession2.mp4 (10 minutes)
Lecture2_Recording.mp4 (20 minutes)
3
Antenna‐to‐antenna link. Power transfer between TX/RX antennas
(
Chapter 2
Sections 1 and 2)
LabSession3.mp4 (13 minutes)
Lecture3_Recording.mp4 (20 minutes)
4
Maxwell’s equations, boundary conditions, basic solutions
(
Chapter 3
Sections 1 and 2)
Lecture4_Recording.mp4 (20 minutes)
5
Antenna radiation: directivity, gain, realized gain, antenna aperture
(
Chapter 3
and
4
)
LabSession4.mp4 (14 minutes)
Lecture5_Recording.mp4 (16 minutes)
6
Antenna balun, antenna reflector, method of images
(
Chapter 4
Sections 1 and 2)
LabSession5.mp4 (16 minutes)
Lecture6_Recording.mp4 (20 minutes)
7a
Dipole antenna family, broadband dipole like antennas
(
Chapter 5
Sections 1 and 2)
LabSession6Part1.mp4 (19 minutes) LabSession6Part2.mp4 (13 minutes)
Lecture7Part1_Recording.mp4 (12 minutes)
7b
Loop antennas
(
Chapter 6
)
LabSession7.mp4 (16 minutes)
Lecture7Part2_Recording.mp4 (13 minutes)
8
Small antennas, bandwidth, antenna loss
(
Chapter 7
, Video tutorials by Dr. S. Best)
VideoTutorial1.mp4 (15 minutes) VideoTutorial2.mp4 (15 minutes) LabSession8.mp4 (14 minutes)
Lecture8_Recording.mp4 (21 minutes)
9
Patch and PIFA antennas
(
Chapter 8
Sections 1 and 2)
LabSession9.mp4 (31 minutes)
Lecture9_Recording.mp4 (26 minutes)
10
Traveling wave antennas: Yagi‐Uda, helix, spiral
(Ch 9)
LabSession10.mp4 (30 minutes)
Lecture10_Recording.mp4 (22 minutes)
11
MATLAB
®
Antenna Designer
(
Chapter 10
)
LabSession11 (21 minutes)
Lecture11_Recording.mp4 (23 minutes)
12
Antenna arrays
(
Chapter 11
)
LabSession12Part1 (24 minutes) LabSession12Part2 (24 minutes)
Lecture12_Recording.mp4 (30 minutes)
One ongoing extension of the Antenna Toolbox is the utilization of the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) developed by the group of Dr. Leslie Greengard and the others. It is intended to enable modeling large antenna reflectors, antennas on large platforms (airplanes and cars), and large antennas arrays.
The online materials contain a suite of open‐source MATLAB® scripts along with the supporting supplement, which demonstrate how to implement this approach and how to apply it to antenna reflectors and scatterers of large compared to the wavelength sizes.
We thank Dr. Angelo Puzella of Raytheon Technologies for numerous constructive comments and suggestions.
The AuthorsMassachusetts 2021
List of Notations
Some notations used in the text
All complex‐valued Roman quantities are denoted by bold letters. Examples include
Vector electric field, time domain
Vector electric field, complex phasor in frequency domain
Electric field component, time domain
Electric field component, complex phasor in frequency domain
All complex‐valued Greek quantities are denoted by the same letters. Examples include
Electric potential, time domain
Electric potential, complex phasor in frequency domain
About the Companion Website
This book is accompanied by a companion website:
www.wiley.com/go/Makarov/AntennaandEMModelingwithMATLAB2e
The companion website is an important part of this text. It provides Antenna Toolbox laboratories in the sequential order. It also provides MATLAB® codes which employ the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) for large‐size antenna/scattering problems.
