Biorefineries and Chemical Processes E-Book

Jhuma Sadhukhan

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1233

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

As the range of feedstocks, process technologies and products expand, biorefineries will become increasingly complex manufacturing systems. Biorefineries and Chemical Processes: Design, Integration and Sustainability Analysis presents process modelling and integration, and whole system life cycle analysis tools for the synthesis, design, operation and sustainable development of biorefinery and chemical processes.

Topics covered include:

Introduction: An introduction to the concept and development of biorefineries.

Tools: Included here are the methods for detailed economic and environmental impact analyses; combined economic value and environmental impact analysis; life cycle assessment (LCA); multi-criteria analysis; heat integration and utility system design; mathematical programming based optimization and genetic algorithms.

Process synthesis and design: Focuses on modern unit operations and innovative process flowsheets. Discusses thermochemical and biochemical processing of biomass, production of chemicals and polymers from biomass, and processes for carbon dioxide capture.

Biorefinery systems: Presents biorefinery process synthesis using whole system analysis. Discusses bio-oil and algae biorefineries, integrated fuel cells and renewables, and heterogeneous catalytic reactors.

Companion website: Four case studies, additional exercises and examples are available online, together with three supplementary chapters which address waste and emission minimization, energy storage and control systems, and the optimization and reuse of water.

This textbook is designed to bridge a gap between engineering design and sustainability assessment, for advanced students and practicing process designers and engineers.

Leseprobe

Biorefineries and Chemical Processes

Design, Integration and Sustainability Analysis

JHUMA SADHUKHAN

Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, UK

KOK SIEW NG

Centre for Process Integration, University of Manchester, UK

ELIAS MARTINEZ HERNANDEZ

Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, UK

This edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Sadhukhan, Jhuma, author. Biorefineries and chemical processes : design, integration and sustainability analysis / Jhuma Sadhukhan, Kok Siew Ng, Elias Martinez Hernandez. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-1-119-99086-4 (paperback)

1. Biomass–Refining. 2. Biomass chemicals–Technological innovations. 3. Biomass chemicals industry. 4. Biomass energy industries–Environmental aspects. I. Ng, Kok Siew, author. II. Hernandez, Elias Martinez. III. Title. TP155.2.E58S34 2014 662′.88–dc23

2013049101

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 9781119990864

Contents

Preface

Part I: Introduction

Part II: Tools

Part III: Process Synthesis and Design

Part IV: Biorefinery Systems

Part V: Interacting Systems of Biorefineries (available on the companion website)

Case Studies (available on the companion website)

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Companion Website

Nomenclature

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

Part I: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Fundamentals of the Biorefinery Concept

1.2 Biorefinery Features and Nomenclature

1.3 Biorefinery Feedstock: Biomass

1.4 Processes and Platforms

1.5 Biorefinery Products

1.6 Optimization of Preprocessing and Fractionation for Bio Based Manufacturing

1.7 Electrochemistry Application in Biorefineries

1.8 Introduction to Energy and Water Systems

1.9 Evaluating Biorefinery Performances

1.10 Chapters

1.11 Summary

References

Part II: Tools

Chapter 2: Economic Analysis

2.1 Introduction

2.2 General Economic Concepts and Terminology

2.3 Methodology

2.4 Cost Estimation and Correlation

2.5 Summary

2.6 Exercises

References

Chapter 3: Heat Integration and Utility System Design

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Process Integration

3.3 Analysis of Heat Exchanger Network Using Pinch Technology

3.4 Utility System

3.5 Conceptual Design of Heat Recovery System for Cogeneration

3.6 Summary

References

Chapter 4: Life Cycle Assessment

4.1 Life Cycle Thinking

4.2 Policy Context

4.3 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

4.4 LCA: Goal and Scope Definition

4.5 LCA: Inventory Analysis

4.6 LCA: Impact Assessment

4.7 LCA: Interpretation

4.8 LCIA Methods

References

Chapter 5: Data Uncertainty and Multicriteria Analyses

5.1 Data Uncertainty Analysis

5.2 Multicriteria Analysis

5.3 Summary

References

Chapter 6: Value Analysis

6.1 Value on Processing (VOP) and Cost of Production (COP) of Process Network Streams

6.2 Value Analysis Heuristics

6.3 Stream Economic Profile

6.4 Concept of Boundary and Evaluation of Economic Margin of a Process Network

6.5 Stream Profitability Analysis

6.6 Summary

References

Chapter 7: Combined Economic Value and Environmental Impact (EVEI) Analysis

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Equivalency Between Economic and Environmental Impact Concepts

7.3 Evaluation of Streams

7.4 Environmental Impact Profile

7.5 Product Economic Value and Environmental Impact (EVEI) Profile

7.6 Summary

References

Chapter 8: Optimization

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Linear Optimization

8.3 Nonlinear Optimization

8.4 Mixed Integer Linear or Nonlinear Optimization

8.5 Stochastic Method

8.6 Summary

References

Part III: Process Synthesis and Design

Chapter 9: Generic Reactors: Thermochemical Processing of Biomass

9.1 Introduction

9.2 General Features of Thermochemical Conversion Processes

9.3 Combustion

9.4 Gasification

9.5 Pyrolysis

9.6 Summary

Exercises

References

Chapter 10: Reaction Thermodynamics

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Fundamentals of Design Calculation

10.3 Process Design: Synthesis and Modeling

10.4 Summary

Exercises

References

Chapter 11: Reaction and Separation Process Synthesis: Chemical Production from Biomass

11.1 Chemicals from Biomass: An Overview

11.2 Bioreactor and Kinetics

11.3 Controlled Acid Hydrolysis Reactions

11.4 Advanced Separation and Reactive Separation

11.5 Guidelines for Integrated Biorefinery Design

11.6 Summary

References

Chapter 12: Polymer Processes

12.1 Polymer Concepts

12.2 Modified Natural Biopolymers

12.3 Modeling of Polymerization Reaction Kinetics

12.4 Reactor Design for Biomass Based Monomers and Biopolymers

12.5 Synthesis of Unit Operations Combining Reaction and Separation Functionalities

12.6 Integrated Biopolymer Production in Biorefineries

12.7 Summary

References

Chapter 13: Separation Processes: Carbon Capture

13.1 Absorption

13.2 Absorption Process Flowsheet Synthesis

13.3 The Rectisol

TM

Technology

13.4 The Selexol

TM

Technology

13.5 Adsorption Process

13.6 Chemical Looping Combustion

13.7 Low Temperature Separation

13.8 Summary

References

Part IV: Biorefinery Systems

Chapter 14: Bio-Oil Refining I: Fischer–Tropsch Liquid and Methanol Synthesis

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Bio-Oil Upgrading

14.3 Distributed and Centralized Bio-Oil Processing Concept

14.4 Integrated Thermochemical Processing of Bio-Oil into Fuels

14.5 Modeling, Integration and Analysis of Thermochemical Processes of Bio-Oil

14.6 Summary

References

Chapter 15: Bio-Oil Refining II: Novel Membrane Reactors

15.1 Bio-Oil Co-Processing in Crude Oil Refinery

15.2 Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting (MIEC) Membrane for Hydrogen Production and Bio-Oil Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking

15.3 Bio-Oil Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Reaction Mechanisms and a MIEC Membrane Reactor Based Bio-Oil Upgrader Process Flowsheet

15.4 A Coursework Problem

15.5 Summary

References

Chapter 16: Fuel Cells and Other Renewables

16.1 Biomass Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (BGFC) System Modeling for Design, Integration and Analysis

16.2 Simulation of Integrated BGFC Flowsheets

16.3 Heat Integration of BGFC Flowsheets

16.4 Analysis of Processing Chains in BGFC Flowsheets

16.5 SOFC Gibbs Free Energy Minimization Modeling

16.6 Design of SOFC Based Micro-CHP Systems

16.7 Fuel Cell and SOFC Design Parameterization Suitable for Spreadsheet Implementation

16.8 Summary

References

Chapter 17: Algae Biorefineries

17.1 Algae Cultivation

17.2 Algae Harvesting and Oil Extraction

17.3 Algae Biodiesel Production

17.4 Algae Biorefinery Integration

17.5 Life Cycle Assessment of Algae Biorefineries

17.6 Summary

References

Chapter 18: Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reaction Kinetics and Diffusion Modeling: Example of Biodiesel

18.1 Intrinsic Kinetic Modeling

18.2 Diffusion Modeling

18.3 Multi-scale Mass Transfer Modeling

18.4 Summary

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Table 1.4

Table 1.5

Table 1.6

Table 1.7

Table 1.8

Chapter 2

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.4

Table 2.5

Table 2.6

Table 2.7

Table 2.8

Table 2.9

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Table 3.7

Table 3.8

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 4.5

Table 4.6

Table 4.7

Table 4.8

Table 4.9

Table 4.10

Table 4.11

Table 4.12

Table 4.13

Table 4.14

Table 4.15

Table 4.16

Table 4.17

Table 4.18

Table 4.19

Table 4.20

Table 4.21

Table 4.22

Table 4.23(a)

Table 4.23(b)

Table 4.23(c)

Table 4.23(d)

Table 4.24

Table 4.25

Chapter 5

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 6.3

Table 6.4

Table 6.5

Table 6.6

Table 6.7

Table 6.8

Chapter 7

Table 7.1

Table 7.2

Table 7.3

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 8.5

Table 8.6

Table 8.7

Table 8.8

Table 8.9

Table 8.10

Table 8.11

Table 8.12

Table 8.13

Table 8.14

Table 8.15

Table 8.16

Table 8.17

Table 8.18

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Table 9.4

Table 9.5

Chapter 10

Table 10.1

Table 10.2

Table 10.3

Table 10.4

Table 10.5

Table 10.6

Table 10.7

Table 10.8

Table 10.9

Table 10.10

Table 10.11

Table 10.12

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 11.3

Table 11.4

Table 11.5

Table 11.6

Table 11.7

Table 11.8

Table 11.9

Table 11.10

Table 11.11

Table 11.12

Table 11.13

Table 11.14

Table 11.15

Table 11.16

Table 11.17

Table 11.18

Table 11.19

Table 11.20

Chapter 12

Table 12.1

Table 12.2

Table 12.3

Table 12.4

Table 12.5

Table 12.6

Table 12.7

Table 12.8

Table 12.9

Chapter 13

Table 13.1

Table 13.2

Table 13.3

Table 13.4

Table 13.5

Table 13.6

Table 13.7

Table 13.8

Table 13.9

Table 13.10

Table 13.11

Table 13.12

Table 13.13

Table 13.14

Table 13.15

Table 13.16

Table 13.17

Table 13.18

Table 13.19

Table 13.20

Table 13.21

Table 13.22

Table 13.23

Table 13.24

Table 13.25

Chapter 14

Table 14.1

Table 14.2

Chapter 15

Table 15.1

Table 15.2

Table 15.3

Table 15.4

Table 15.5

Table 15.6

Table 15.7

Chapter 16

Table 16.1

Table 16.2