Cabling Part 1 E-Book

Andrew Oliviero

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1201

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

With the growing demand for fiber optics in large-scale communications networks, network professionals need complete, up-to-the-minute information. This book constitutes Part 1 of Cabling: The Complete Guide to Copper and Fiber-Optic Networking and focuses on LAN Networks and Cabling Systems, offering comprehensive coverage on current cabling methodologies and is updated to the latest industry standards. Contents include: 1. Introduction to Data Cabling. 2. Cabling Specifications and Standards. 3. Choosing the Correct Cabling. 4. Cable System and Infrastructure Constraints. 5. Cabling System Components. 6. Tools of the Trade. 7. Copper Cable Media. 8. Fiber-Optic Media. 9. Wall Plates. 10. Connectors. 11. Transmission Equipment. 12. Ubounded (Wireless) Media. 13. Cabling-System Design and Installation. 14. Cable-Connector Installation. 15. Cable-System Testing and Troubleshooting. 16. Creating a Request for Proposal. 17. Cabling @ Work: Experience from the Field.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

Introduction

About This Book

Who Is This Book For?

How to Use This Book

Enjoy!

Part I: LAN Networks and Cabling Systems

Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Cabling

The Golden Rules of Data Cabling

The Importance of Reliable Cabling

You’ve Come a Long Way, Baby: The Legacy of Proprietary Cabling Systems

Cabling and the Need for Speed

Cable Design

Data Communications 101

Speed Bumps: What Slows Down Your Data

Types of Crosstalk

External Interference

Propagation Delay

Delay Skew

The Future of Cabling Performance

The Bottom Line

Chapter 2: Cabling Specifications and Standards

Structured Cabling and Standardization

Standards and Specification Organizations

ANSI/TIA-568-C Cabling Standard

ISO/IEC 11801

The Bottom Line

Chapter 3: Choosing the Correct Cabling

Topologies

UTP, Optical Fiber, and Future-Proofing

Network Applications

The Bottom Line

Chapter 4: Cable System and Infrastructure Constraints

Where Do Codes Come From?

The National Electrical Code

Knowing and Following the Codes

The Bottom Line

Chapter 5: Cabling System Components

The Cable

Wall Plates and Connectors

Cabling Pathways

Telecommunications Rooms, Enclosures, and Equipment Rooms

The Bottom Line

Chapter 6: Tools of the Trade

Building a Cabling Toolkit

Common Cabling Tools

Cable Testing

Cabling Supplies and Tools

Tools That a Smart Data Cable Technician Carries

A Preassembled Kit Could Be It

The Bottom Line

Chapter 7: Copper Cable Media

Types of Copper Cabling

Best Practices for Copper Installation

Copper Cable for Data Applications

Copper Cable for Voice Applications

Testing

The Bottom Line

Chapter 8: Fiber-Optic Media

Introducing Fiber-Optic Transmission

Advantages of Fiber-Optic Cabling

Disadvantages of Fiber-Optic Cabling

Types of Fiber-Optic Cables

Fiber Installation Issues

The Bottom Line

Chapter 9: Wall Plates

Wall Plate Design and Installation Issues

Fixed-Design Wall Plates

Modular Wall Plates

Biscuit Jacks

The Bottom Line

Chapter 10: Connectors

Twisted-Pair Cable Connectors

Coaxial Cable Connectors

Fiber-Optic Cable Connectors

The Bottom Line

Chapter 11: Network Equipment

Network Connectivity Devices

Workstation Ports

Repeaters and Hubs

Bridges

Switches

Servers

Routers

The Bottom Line

Chapter 12: Wireless Networks

Infrared Transmissions

Advantages of Infrared

Radio Frequency (RF) Systems

Microwave Communications

The Bottom Line

Chapter 13: Cabling System Design and Installation

Elements of a Successful Cabling Installation

Cabling Topologies

Cabling Plant Uses

Choice of Media

Telecommunications Rooms

Cabling Management

Data and Cabling Security

Cabling Installation Procedures

The Bottom Line

Chapter 14: Cable Connector Installation

Twisted-Pair Cable Connector Installation

Coaxial Cable Connector Installation

Fiber-Optic Cable Connector Installation

The Bottom Line

Chapter 15: Cable System Testing and Troubleshooting

Installation Testing

Cable Plant Certification

Cable Testing Tools

Troubleshooting Cabling Problems

The Bottom Line

Chapter 16: Creating a Request for Proposal

What Is a Request for Proposal?

Developing a Request for Proposal

Distributing the RFP and Managing the Vendor-Selection Process

Project Administration

Technology Network Infrastructure Request for Proposal (a Sample RFP)

The Bottom Line

Chapter 17: Cabling @ Work: Experience from the Field

Hints and Guidelines

Work Safely

Case Studies

The Bottom Line

Appendices

Appendix A: The Bottom Line

Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Cabling

Chapter 2: Cabling Specifications and Standards

Chapter 3: Choosing the Correct Cabling

Chapter 4: Cable System and Infrastructure Constraints

Chapter 5: Cabling System Components

Chapter 6: Tools of the Trade

Chapter 7: Copper Cable Media

Chapter 8: Fiber-Optic Media

Chapter 9: Wall Plates

Chapter 10: Connectors

Chapter 11: Network Equipment

Chapter 12: Wireless Networks

Chapter 13: Cabling System Design and Installation

Chapter 14: Cable Connector Installation

Chapter 15: Cable System Testing and Troubleshooting

Chapter 16: Creating a Request for Proposal

Chapter 17: Cabling @ Work: Experience from the Field

Appendix B: Cabling Resources

Informational Internet Resources

Books, Publications, and Videos

Manufacturers

Appendix C: Registered Communications Distribution Designer (RCDD) Certification

Apply and Be Accepted as a Candidate for the Designation of RCDD

Successfully Pass the Stringent RCDD Exam

Maintain Your Accreditation Through Continuing Membership and Education

Check Out BICSI and the RCDD Program for Yourself

Appendix D: Home Cabling: Wiring Your Home for Now and the Future

Home Cabling Facts and Trends

Structured Residential Cabling

Thinking Forward

Appendix E: Overview of IEEE 1394 and USB Networking

IEEE 1394

USB

Appendix F: The Electronics Technicians Association, International (ETA) Certifications

Data Cabling Installer (DCI) Certification 2014 Knowledge Competency Requirements

Fiber Optics Installer (FOI) 2014 Knowledge Competency Requirements

Fiber Optic Technician (FOT) 2014 Knowledge Competency Requirements

Glossary

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Dear Reader,

Thank you for choosing Cabling Part 1: LAN/Data Center Networks and Cabling Systems. This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching.

Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to producing consistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available.

I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at [email protected]. If you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com. Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex.

Best regards,

Chris Webb

Associate Publisher, Sybex

In loving memory of my brother Maurice.

And to my parents, Mario and Colomba, and my brother Dominick. Thank you for all of your support, encouragement, and great memories throughout the years. Although we are miles apart, you are with me every step of the way.

—AO

Acknowledgments

First, I would like to thank David Barnett, David Groth, and Jim McBee, the authors of the third edition of Cabling: The Complete Guide to Network Wiring. They provided a strong foundation for the fourth and new editions. Thank you to the staff at John Wiley & Sons and Sybex for the opportunity to work on this book. Specifically, I would like to thank Mariann Barsolo, Becca Anderson, and Pete Gaughan, for their support and patience. I thank our developmental editor, David Clark, and our technical editor, Charlie Husson, for doing an excellent job on the editing process and making this book well balanced. Thanks to Bill Woodward for helpful discussions before embarking on this work. Applause goes to Herb Congdon, TIA’s Associate Vice President of Technology and Standards (formerly of TE Connectivity), in managing the successful revision leading to the ANSI/TIA-568-C series standard. I think anyone involved with the revision of this standard would agree. I also thank John Kamino and Andy Ingles of OFS for providing some of the figures used in Part 1. I would like to thank my employer OFS for their support and encouragement on this project—specifically, my manager, Patrice Dubois. And finally, thanks to all of my friends for their unfailing loyalty and interest in this project.

—Andrew Oliviero

About the Author

Andrew Oliviero is Director of Product Line Management of optical fiber products at OFS (formerly Lucent Technologies), a supplier of optical fiber, cable apparatus, and specialty products. He is responsible for developing global product strategies for the enterprise, FTTX, metro, long-haul, and submarine markets. Andrew is presently focused on new product development for single-mode fiber and is leading OFS’s product development teams in developing advanced bend-insensitive single-mode fiber for FTTX, metro, long-haul, and ocean applications.

Andrew began his career in research and development (R&D) and has worked in single-mode and multimode optical fiber product management, R&D, engineering, and manufacturing operations for the last 18 years with OFS, Lucent Technologies, and SpecTran Corp.

Andrew has presented worldwide at a variety of seminars, conferences, and symposiums and is involved in the development of optical fiber and cabling architecture standards in TIA, IEC, ISO, and IEEE. He is an active member of TIA’s TR-42 committee, where he was involved in the development of the ANSI/TIA-568-C standard, 10Gbps multimode fiber specifications, and measurement processes. He held the Chair position of TIA’s Fiber Optic LAN Section in 2007.

Andrew holds a B.S.E. and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Massachusetts, respectively.

Introduction

Welcome to the incredibly interesting world of local area networks and premises data communications cabling systems. This introduction will tell you a little about how this book came about and how you can use it to your best advantage.

Not only does cabling carry the data across your network, it can also carry voice, serial communications, alarm signals, video, and audio transmissions. You may take this for granted, but communications networks have created a new way of living. We can learn remotely, chat with anyone in the world who is connected to the Internet, and conduct commerce all over the world in a way that has never been done before. Consider yourself lucky to be part of this “communications revolution.”

One thing that continues to be certain is the increasing demand for more bandwidth. In the past, people took their cabling systems for granted. However, over the last decade the information technology world has continued to understand the importance of a reliable and well-designed structured cabling system to efficiently support this explosion in bandwidth demand. This period also resulted in an explosion in the number of registered structured-cabling installers. The number of people who need to know the basics of cabling has increased dramatically.

A significant amount of research, writing, and editing has gone into bringing this book into its current edition. Many distributors, manufacturers, and cabling contractors have provided feedback, tips, and in-the-field experiences along the way and made this book both technically rigorous and practical at the same time.

During the research phase of the book, newsgroups, cabling FAQs, and other Internet resources were continually reviewed to find out what people want to know about their cabling system. In addition, technology managers, help desk staff, network designers, cable installers, and system managers also contributed feedback. Most importantly, the five major standards organizations—the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and SAE International—have provided the most up-to-date standards on optical fiber, fiber-optic cable, and testing.

About This Book

This book’s topics run the gamut of LAN networks and cabling; they include the following:

An introduction to data cabling

Information on cabling standards and how to choose the correct ones

Cable system and infrastructure constraints

Cabling system components

Tools of the trade

Copper, fiber-optic, and unbounded media

Network equipment

Wall plates and cable connectors

Cabling system design and installation

Cable connector installation

Cabling system testing and troubleshooting

Creating request for proposals (RFPs)

Cabling case studies

A cabling glossary is included at the end of the book so you can look up unfamiliar terms. The Solutions to the Master It questions in “The Bottom Line” sections at the end of each chapter are gathered in Appendix A. The five other appendices include resources for cabling information, tips on how to get your Registered Communications and Distribution Designer (RCDD) certification, information for the home cabler, a discussion of USB/1394 cabling, and information about the Electronics Technicians Association (ETA) line of cabling certifications.

Who Is This Book For?

If you are standing in your neighborhood bookstore browsing through this book, you may be asking yourself whether you should buy it. The procedures in this book are illustrated and written in English rather than “technospeak.” That’s because this book was designed specifically to help unlock the mysteries of the telecommunications room, cable in the ceiling, wall jacks, and other components of a cabling system in a simple, easy-to-follow format. This field is critical to ensuring that we continue to evolve in an “electronic” and “connected” age. We want this to be an interesting experience as opposed to a boring one. LAN networks and cabling can be a confusing topic; it has its own language, acronyms, and standards. We designed this book with the following types of people in mind:

Information technology (IT) professionals who can use this book to gain a better understanding and appreciation of a structured cabling system

IT managers who are preparing to install a new computer system

Do-it-yourselfers who need to install a few new cabling runs in their facility and want to get it right the first time

New cable installers who want to learn more than just what it takes to pull a cable through the ceiling and terminate it to the patch panel

Students taking introductory courses in LANs and cabling

Students preparing for the ETA fiber optic installer (FOI), fiber optic technician (FOT), or data cabling installer (DCIC) certifications

In addition, this book is an excellent reference for anyone currently working in data cabling.

How to Use This Book

To understand the way this book is put together, you must learn about a few of the special conventions that were used. Here are some of the items you will commonly see.

Italicized words indicate new terms. After each italicized term, you will find a definition.

TIP

Tips will be formatted like this. A tip is a special bit of information that can make your work easier or make an installation go more smoothly.

NOTE

Notes are formatted like this. When you see a note, it usually indicates some special circumstance to make note of. Notes often include out-of-the-ordinary information about working with a telecommunications infrastructure.

WARNING

Warnings are found within the text whenever a technical situation arises that may cause damage to a component or cause a system failure of some kind. Additionally, warnings are placed in the text to call particular attention to a potentially dangerous situation.

KEY TERMS

Key terms are used to introduce a new word or term that you should be aware of. Just as in the worlds of networking, software, and programming, the world of cabling and telecommunications has its own language.

Sidebars

This special formatting indicates a sidebar. Sidebars are entire paragraphs of information that, although related to the topic being discussed, fit better into a standalone discussion. They are just what their name suggests: a sidebar discussion.

Cabling @ Work Sidebars

These special sidebars are used to give real-life examples of situations that actually occurred in the cabling world.

Enjoy!

Have fun reading this book—it has been fun writing it. I hope that it will be a valuable resource and will answer at least some of your questions on LANs and cabling. As always, I love to hear from readers; you can reach Andrew Oliviero at [email protected]

Part I

LAN Networks and Cabling Systems

Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Cabling

Chapter 2: Cabling Specifications and Standards

Chapter 3: Choosing the Correct Cabling

Chapter 4: Cable System and Infrastructure Constraints

Chapter 5: Cabling System Components

Chapter 6: Tools of the Trade

Chapter 7: Copper Cable Media

Chapter 8: Fiber-Optic Media

Chapter 9: Wall Plates

Chapter 10: Connectors

Chapter 11: Network Equipment

Chapter 12: Wireless Networks

Chapter 13: Cabling System Design and Installation

Chapter 14: Cable Connector Installation

Chapter 15: Cable System Testing and Troubleshooting

Chapter 16: Creating a Request for Proposal

Chapter 17: Cabling @ Work: Experience from the Field

Chapter 1

Introduction to Data Cabling

“Data cabling! It’s just wire. What is there to plan?” the newly promoted programmer-turned-MIS-director commented to Jim. The MIS director had been contracted to help the company move its 750-node network to a new location. During the initial conversation, the director had a few other “insights”:

He said that the walls were not even up in the new location, so it was too early to be talking about data cabling.

To save money, he wanted to pull the old Category 3 cabling and move it to the new location. (“We can run 100Base-TX on the old cable.”)

He said not to worry about the voice cabling and the cabling for the photocopier tracking system; someone else would coordinate that.

Jim shouldn’t have been too surprised by the ridiculous nature of these comments. Too few people understand the importance of a reliable, standards-based, flexible cabling system. Fewer still understand the challenges of building a high-speed network. Some of the technical problems associated with building a cabling system to support a high-speed network are comprehended only by electrical engineers. And many believe that a separate type of cable should be in the wall for each application (PCs, printers, terminals, copiers, etc.).

Data cabling has come a long way in the past 30 years.

You are probably thinking right now that all you really want to know is how to install cable to support a few 10Base-T workstations. Words and phrases such as attenuation, crosstalk, twisted-pair, modular connectors, and multimode optical-fiber cable may be completely foreign to you. Just as the world of PC LANs and WANs has its own industry buzzwords, so does the cabling business. In fact, you may hear such an endless stream of buzzwords and foreign terminology that you’ll wish you had majored in electrical engineering in college. But it’s not really that mysterious and, armed with the background and information we’ll provide, you’ll soon be using “cable-speak” like a cabling professional.

In this chapter, you will learn to:

Identify the key industry standards necessary to specify, install, and test network cabling

Understand the different types of unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling

Understand the different types of shielded twisted-pair cabling

Determine the uses of plenum- and riser-rated cabling

Identify the key test parameters for communications cables

The Golden Rules of Data Cabling

Listing our own golden rules of data cabling is a great way to start this chapter and the book. If your cabling is not designed and installed properly, you will have problems that you can’t even imagine. Using our experience, we’ve become cabling evangelists, spreading the good news of proper cabling. What follows is our list of rules to consider when planning structured-cabling systems:

Networks never get smaller or less complicated.

Build one cabling system that will accommodate voice and data.

Always install more cabling than you currently require. Those extra outlets will come in handy someday.

Use structured-cabling standards when building a new cabling system. Avoid anything proprietary!

Quality counts! Use high-quality cabling and cabling components. Cabling is the foundation of your network; if the cabling fails, nothing else will matter. For a given grade or category of cabling, you’ll see a range of pricing, but the highest prices don’t necessarily mean the highest quality. Buy based on the manufacturer’s reputation and proven performance, not the price.

Don’t scrimp on installation costs. Even quality components and cable must be installed correctly; poor workmanship has trashed more than one cabling installation.

Plan for higher-speed technologies than are commonly available today. Just because 1000Base-T Ethernet seems unnecessary today does not mean it won’t be a requirement in 5 years.

Documentation, although dull, is a necessary evil that should be taken care of while you’re setting up the cabling system. If you wait, more pressing concerns may cause you to ignore it.

The Importance of Reliable Cabling

We cannot stress enough the importance of reliable cabling. Two recent studies vindicated our evangelical approach to data cabling. The studies showed: