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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Sybex Study Guide
- Sprache: Englisch
Your comprehensive guide to succeeding on the UPDATED CCNA Certification exam
In the newly revised second edition of the CCNA Certification Study Guide Volume 1: Exam 200-301 v1.1, celebrated Cisco educator and network guru Todd Lammle and expert Donald Robb deliver an intuitive and efficient roadmap to the challenging CCNA Certification test. The updated Study Guide covers many topics, including network fundamentals and access, IP connectivity and services, security fundamentals, automation, programmability, artificial intelligence, and more.
The CCNA Certification Study Guide comes with complementary access to a robust set of online study tools designed to assess and advance your exam readiness.
You'll find:
- Up-to-date information relevant to the latest Cisco technologies and job roles
- An interactive online test bank, including hundreds of practice test questions, flashcards, and a glossary of key terms and definitions
- Discussions of everything from VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing to switching, OSPF, IP routing, and more
Perfect for anyone preparing to pursue the updated CCNA Certification, the CCNA Certification Study Guide Volume 1: Exam 200-301 v1.1, Second Editon, is a must-read for practicing IT professionals looking for a refresher on Cisco networking fundamentals.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Introduction
Cisco’s Network Certifications
What Does This Book Cover?
Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank
CCNA Exam Overview
How to Use This Book
Where Do You Take the Exam?
CCNA Certification Exam 200-301 Objectives
How to Contact the Publisher
Assessment Test
Answers to Assessment Test
Chapter 1: Network Fundamentals
Network Components
Next-Generation Firewalls and IPS
Network Topology Architectures
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking
Ethernet Networks in Review
Ethernet Cabling
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Labs
Review Questions
Chapter 3: TCP/IP
Introducing TCP/IP
TCP/IP and the DoD Model
IP Addressing
IPv4 Address Types
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Labs
Review Questions
Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting
Subnetting Basics
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Labs
Review Questions
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Endpoint Overview
Cisco’s Way of Troubleshooting IP
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)
The IOS User Interface
Command-Line Interface
Administrative Configurations
Router and Switch Interfaces
Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork
The Internal Components of a Cisco Router and Switch
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration
Configuring DHCP
Using Telnet
Resolving Hostnames
Checking Network Connectivity and Troubleshooting
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Labs
Review Questions
Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices
Managing the Configuration Register
Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 9: IP Routing
Routing Basics
The IP Routing Process
Configuring IP Routing
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network
Dynamic Routing
Routing Information Protocol
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 10: Open Shortest Path First
Open Shortest Path First Basics
Configuring OSPF
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces
Verifying OSPF Configuration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 11: Enhanced IGRP
EIGRP Features and Operations
Configuring EIGRP
Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP
EIGRPv6
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 12: Layer 2 Switching
Switching Services
Configuring Catalyst Switches
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 13: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing
VLAN Basics
Identifying VLANs
Routing Between VLANs
Configuring VLANs
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 14: Cloud and Virtual Private Networks
Virtual Private Networks
GRE Tunnels
Cloud Models
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Chapter 15: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
AI Overview
AI Categories
AI Architectures
AI Subsets
How Machines Learn
Generative AI
GenAI Offerings
Strategies
GenAI for Network Engineers
Summary
Exam Essentials
Written Lab
Review Questions
Appendix A: Answers to the Written Labs
Chapter 1: Network Fundamentals
Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking
Chapter 3: TCP/IP
Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)
Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork
Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices
Chapter 9: IP Routing
Chapter 10: Open Shortest Path First
Chapter 11: Enhanced IGRP
Chapter 12: Layer 2 Switching
Chapter 13: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 14: Cloud and Virtual Private Networks
Chapter 15: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Appendix B: Answers to the Review Questions
Chapter 1: Network Fundamentals
Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking
Chapter 3: TCP/IP
Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Chapter 6: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)
Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork
Chapter 8: Managing Cisco Devices
Chapter 9: IP Routing
Chapter 10: Open Shortest Path First
Chapter 11: Enhanced IGRP
Chapter 12: Layer 2 Switching
Chapter 13: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 14: Cloud and Virtual Private Networks
Chapter 15: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Index
Online Test Bank
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
TABLE 2.1 Binary values
TABLE 2.2 Binary to decimal memorization chart
TABLE 2.3 Hex to binary to decimal chart
Chapter 3
TABLE 3.1 Key features of TCP and UDP
TABLE 3.2 Key protocols that use TCP and UDP
TABLE 3.3 Possible protocols found in the Protocol field of an IP header
TABLE 3.4 Reserved IP addresses
TABLE 3.5 Reserved IP address space
Chapter 4
TABLE 4.1 Default subnet masks
TABLE 4.2 CIDR values
TABLE 4.3 What do you know?
Chapter 6
TABLE 6.1 Router Terms
TABLE 6.2 Enhanced Editing Commands
TABLE 6.3 IOS Command History
Chapter 7
TABLE 7.1 Cisco router components
Chapter 8
TABLE 8.1 The configuration register bit numbers
TABLE 8.2 Software configuration meanings
TABLE 8.3 The boot field (configuration register bits 00–03)
Chapter 9
TABLE 9.1 Default administrative distances
Chapter 10
TABLE 10.1 OSPF and RIP comparison
TABLE 10.2 LSA update multicast addresses
Chapter 11
TABLE 11.1 Metric Association of K Values
TABLE 11.2 EIGRP Troubleshooting Commands
List of Illustrations
Introduction
FIGURE I.1 The Cisco certification path
Chapter 1
FIGURE 1.1 A very basic SOHO network
FIGURE 1.2 A switch can break up collision domains.
FIGURE 1.3 Routers create an internetwork.
FIGURE 1.4 Switches work at layer 2.
FIGURE 1.5 The physical components of a network
FIGURE 1.6 NGFW can stop attacks in real time.
FIGURE 1.7 Cisco IPS policy to the rescue!
FIGURE 1.8 Cisco Firepower IPS policy dropped the bad guys’ packets!
FIGURE 1.9 The Cisco hierarchical model
FIGURE 1.10 Real-life collapsed core (two-tier) image
FIGURE 1.11 Top-of-rack network design
FIGURE 1.12 Spine-leaf design
FIGURE 1.13 WAN terms
Chapter 2
FIGURE 2.1 A legacy collision domain design
FIGURE 2.2 A typical network you’d see today
FIGURE 2.3 A router creates broadcast domain boundaries
FIGURE 2.4 CSMA/CD
FIGURE 2.5 Half-duplex example
FIGURE 2.6 Full-duplex example
FIGURE 2.7 Ethernet addressing using MAC addresses
FIGURE 2.8 Typical Ethernet frame format
FIGURE 2.9 Category 5 Enhanced UTP cable
FIGURE 2.10 Straight-through Ethernet cable
FIGURE 2.11 Crossover Ethernet cable
FIGURE 2.12 Typical uses for straight-through and cross-over Ethernet cables...
FIGURE 2.13 UTP Gigabit crossover Ethernet cable
FIGURE 2.14 Rolled Ethernet cable
FIGURE 2.15 Configuring your console emulation program
FIGURE 2.16 A Cisco 2960 console connection
FIGURE 2.17 RJ-45 UTP cable question #1
FIGURE 2.18 RJ-45 UTP cable question #2
FIGURE 2.19 Typical fiber cable dimensions are in um (10
–6
meters). No...
FIGURE 2.20 Multimode and single-mode fibers
Chapter 3
FIGURE 3.1 The DoD and OSI models
FIGURE 3.2 The TCP/IP protocol suite
FIGURE 3.3 Telnet
FIGURE 3.4 Secure Shell
FIGURE 3.5 FTP
FIGURE 3.6 TFTP
FIGURE 3.7 SNMP
FIGURE 3.8 HTTP
FIGURE 3.9 NTP
FIGURE 3.10 DNS
FIGURE 3.11 DHCP client four-step process (DORA)
FIGURE 3.12 TCP segment format
FIGURE 3.13 UDP segment
FIGURE 3.14 Port numbers for TCP and UDP
FIGURE 3.15 IP header
FIGURE 3.16 The Protocol field in an IP header
FIGURE 3.17 An ICMP error message is sent to the sending host from the remot...
FIGURE 3.18 ICMP in action
FIGURE 3.19 Local ARP broadcast
FIGURE 3.20 Summary of the three classes of networks
FIGURE 3.21 Local layer 2 broadcasts
FIGURE 3.22 Layer 3 broadcasts
FIGURE 3.23 Unicast address
FIGURE 3.24 EIGRP multicast example
Chapter 4
FIGURE 4.1 One network
FIGURE 4.2 Multiple networks connected together
FIGURE 4.3 Implementing a Class C /25 logical network
FIGURE 4.4 Implementing a class C /26 (with three networks)
FIGURE 4.5 Implementing a Class C /27 logical network
Chapter 5
FIGURE 5.1 Basic IP troubleshooting
FIGURE 5.2 IP address problem 1
FIGURE 5.3 IP address problem 2
FIGURE 5.4 Find the valid host #1
FIGURE 5.5 Find the valid host #2
FIGURE 5.6 Find the valid host address #3
FIGURE 5.7 Find the valid subnet mask
Chapter 6
FIGURE 6.1 A Cisco 2960 switch
FIGURE 6.2 A Cisco 1900 router
FIGURE 6.3 A typical WAN connection. Clocking is typically provided by a DCE...
FIGURE 6.4 Providing clocking on a nonproduction network
FIGURE 6.5 Where do you configure clocking?
FIGURE 6.6 By looking at R1 using the
show controllers
command, you can see ...
Chapter 7
FIGURE 7.1 The IOS boot sequence
FIGURE 7.2 Switch S1 is the DHCP server.
FIGURE 7.3 The DHCP
ip helper
command
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8.1 Copying an IOS from a router to a TFTP host
Chapter 9
FIGURE 9.1 A simple routing example
FIGURE 9.2 IP routing example using two hosts and one router
FIGURE 9.3 Frame used from Host A to the Lab A router when Host B is pinged...
FIGURE 9.4 IP routing example 1
FIGURE 9.5 IP routing example 2
FIGURE 9.6 Basic IP routing using MAC and IP addresses
FIGURE 9.7 Testing basic routing knowledge
FIGURE 9.8 Configuring IP routing
FIGURE 9.9 Our internetwork
Chapter 10
FIGURE 10.1 OSPF design example. An OSPF hierarchical design minimizes routi...
FIGURE 10.2 The Hello protocol
FIGURE 10.3 Sample OSPF wildcard configuration
FIGURE 10.4 Our new network layout
FIGURE 10.5 Adding a non-OSPF network to LA router
FIGURE 10.6 OSPF router ID (RID)
Chapter 11
FIGURE 11.1 EIGRP neighbor discovery
FIGURE 11.2 Advertised distance
FIGURE 11.3 Feasible distance
FIGURE 11.4 The tables used by EIGRP
FIGURE 11.5 Configuring our little internetwork with EIGRP
FIGURE 11.6 Discontiguous networks
FIGURE 11.7 EIGRP route-selection process
FIGURE 11.8 Split horizon in action, part 1
FIGURE 11.9 Split horizon in action, part 2
FIGURE 11.10 Troubleshooting scenario
FIGURE 11.11 Configuring EIGRPv6 on our Internetwork
Chapter 12
FIGURE 12.1 An empty forward/filter table on a switch
FIGURE 12.2 How switches learn hosts’ locations
FIGURE 12.3 Forward/filter table
FIGURE 12.4 Forward/filter table answer
FIGURE 12.5 “Port security” on a switch port restricts port access by MAC ad...
FIGURE 12.6 Protecting a PC in a lobby
FIGURE 12.7 A broadcast storm
FIGURE 12.8 Multiple frame copies
FIGURE 12.9 A Cisco Catalyst switch
FIGURE 12.10 Our switched network
Chapter 13
FIGURE 13.1 Flat network structure
FIGURE 13.2 The benefit of a switched network
FIGURE 13.3 One switch, one LAN. Before VLANs, there were no separations bet...
FIGURE 13.4 One switch, two virtual LANs (
logical
separation between hosts)....
FIGURE 13.5 Access ports
FIGURE 13.6 VLANs can span across multiple switches by using trunk links, wh...
FIGURE 13.7 IEEE 802.1q encapsulation with and without the 802.1q tag
FIGURE 13.8 A router connecting three VLANs together for inter-VLAN communic...
FIGURE 13.9 A router on a stick: a single router interface connecting all th...
FIGURE 13.10 A router creates logical interfaces.
FIGURE 13.11 With IVR, routing runs on the backplane of the switch, and it a...
FIGURE 13.12 Configuring inter-VLAN routing—example 1
FIGURE 13.13 Inter-VLAN routing—example 2
FIGURE 13.14 Inter-VLAN routing—example 3
FIGURE 13.15 Inter-VLAN routing—example 4
FIGURE 13.16 Inter-VLAN routing with a multilayer switch
Chapter 14
FIGURE 14.1 Example of using a VPN
FIGURE 14.2 Enterprise-managed VPNs
FIGURE 14.3 Provider-managed VPNs
FIGURE 14.4 Security protocols
FIGURE 14.5 The encryption process
FIGURE 14.6 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel structure
FIGURE 14.7 Example of GRE configuration
FIGURE 14.8 Cloud computing is on-demand.
FIGURE 14.9 The advantages of cloud computing
FIGURE 14.10 Cloud computing services
Chapter 15
FIGURE 15.1 Roomba vacuum
FIGURE 15.2 Cisco virtual concierge
FIGURE 15.3 Cisco Secure Endpoint
FIGURE 15.4 Overfitting
FIGURE 15.5 Catalyst Center compliance
FIGURE 15.6 Decision tree
FIGURE 15.7 Neural network
FIGURE 15.8 Juniper Marvis
FIGURE 15.9 Amazon Echo
FIGURE 15.10 Meraki cameras
FIGURE 15.11 Catalyst Center’s AI Network Analytics
FIGURE 15.12 Data sources
FIGURE 15.13 ChatGPT
FIGURE 15.14 Co-Pilot
FIGURE 15.15 LM Studio
FIGURE 15.16 Homer Simpson, Cisco Scholar
FIGURE 15.17 Become the router
FIGURE 15.18 Creating GPTs
FIGURE 15.19 RAG
FIGURE 15.20 Troubleshooting example
FIGURE 15.21 Router topology
FIGURE 15.22 ChatGPT config template
FIGURE 15.23 ChatGPT generating Python
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Introduction
Assessment Test
Begin Reading
Appendix A Answers to the Written Labs
Appendix B Answers to the Review Questions
Index
Online Test Bank
End User License Agreement
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CCNA®CertificationStudy GuideVolume 1Exam 200-301 v1.1
Second Edition
Todd Lammle
Donald Robb
Copyright © 2025 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada and the United Kingdom.
ISBNs: 9781394213016 (paperback), 9781394213030 (ePDF), 9781394213023 (ePub)
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permission.
Trademarks: WILEY, the Wiley logo, and Sybex are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CCNA is a registered trademark of Cisco Technology, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2024948040
Cover image: © Getty Images Inc./Jeremy WoodhouseCover design: Wiley
Acknowledgments
Many people helped us build the new CCNA books in 2024 and 2025. First, Kenyon Brown helped me put together the book direction and managed the internal editing at Wiley. Thank you, Ken, for working diligently for many months to keep these books moving along.
Thanks also to Kim Wimpsett, my most excellent and highly dependable development editor at Wiley for well over a decade. She always does an excellent job, and I refuse to work on a book without her now!
We’d also like to thank John Sleeva and Tiffany Tayler for their hard work and edits in books one and two, respectively. They really helped us create fine-tuned books.
In this book, I enjoyed collaborating with Donald Robb from Canada. He played a crucial role in crafting the new table of contents and was instrumental in writing, editing, and thoroughly addressing the latest exam topics across various chapters. His expertise is unparalleled, and he worked tirelessly alongside me daily to bring this book to life. I’m confident you’ll appreciate his contributions as much as I do. You can connect with Donald through his well-known blog at https://the-packet-thrower.com. He also serves as a leading moderator and contributor on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/ccna.
About the Authors
Todd Lammle is widely regarded as one of the foremost authorities on Cisco certification and internetworking, holding certifications across nearly every Cisco certification category. With a career spanning more than three decades, Todd has established himself as a globally recognized author, speaker, trainer, and consultant. His expertise extends across a broad range of technologies, including LANs, WANs, and large-scale enterprise wireless networks, both licensed and unlicensed. In recent years, he has specialized in implementing extensive Cisco security networks, particularly using Firepower/FTD and ISE.
What sets Todd apart is his deep, hands-on experience, which is evident in his writing and training materials. He’s not just an author; he’s a seasoned networking engineer with practical knowledge gained from working on some of the largest and most complex networks in the world. His experience includes significant contributions to companies such as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others. This real-world experience allows Todd to bring a unique, practical perspective to his work, making his books and training sessions invaluable resources for IT professionals at all levels.
Todd has authored more than 120 books, solidifying his reputation as a leading voice in the industry. Some of his most popular titles include the CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide, CCNA Wireless Study Guide, CCNA Data Center Study Guide, CCNP SNCF (Firepower), and CCNP Security. All of these works are published by Sybex, a respected name in technical publishing.
In addition to his writing and speaking engagements, Todd runs an international consulting and training company based in Idaho. His company provides expert guidance and training to organizations around the world, helping them to navigate the complexities of modern networking technologies. Despite his busy professional life, Todd still finds time to enjoy the natural beauty of Idaho, often spending his free time at the lake in the mountains, where he enjoys the outdoors with his beloved golden retrievers.
For those looking to dive deeper into Todd Lammle’s work, you can find his extensive range of books at https://www.lammle.com/order-our-books. Additionally, Todd is accessible to his readers and clients through his website at www.lammle.com, where you can find more resources, updates, and ways to connect with him directly.
Donald Robb, widely recognized online as “The Packet Thrower,” brings over two decades of experience in the IT industry. His career has spanned a diverse array of roles, beginning with help desk support and evolving into a position as one of the most respected consultants in the field. Donald has honed expert-level skills across various IT domains, including networking, security, collaboration, data center management, wireless technologies, and service providers. His depth of knowledge and technical expertise have made him a sought-after professional in the industry.
Currently, Donald is a principal network architect for Walt Disney Studios. In this role, he serves as a subject matter expert on various technologies, playing a critical role in shaping the company’s network architecture and ensuring its reliability and performance. His work involves leading the design and implementation of complex networks and guiding teams and stakeholders through the technical intricacies of modern IT infrastructures.
Over the years, Donald has collaborated with major industry vendors and smaller, specialized companies, earning many advanced certifications along the way. His achievements include becoming a double JNCIE and obtaining most of Cisco’s professional-level certifications, demonstrating his deep technical proficiency and commitment to continuous learning. His expertise has also been recognized through his selection as a Cisco Champion for four consecutive years, an honor awarded to top influencers in the networking community.
In addition to his hands-on work in the field, Donald has made significant contributions to IT education. He has had the privilege of working alongside Todd Lammle, a legendary figure in the IT world, coauthoring several books and developing courses that have helped countless professionals advance their careers. Through his extensive experience, certifications, and educational efforts, Donald Robb has solidified his reputation as a leading authority in the IT industry.
Introduction
Welcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! If you’ve picked up this book because you want to improve yourself and your life with a better, more satisfying, and secure job, you’ve done the right thing. Whether your plan is to enter the thriving, dynamic IT sector or to enhance your skill set and advance your position within it, being Cisco certified can seriously stack the odds in your favor to help you attain your goals.
Cisco certifications are powerful instruments of success that also just happen to improve your grasp of all things internetworking. As you progress through this book, you’ll gain a complete understanding of networking that reaches far beyond Cisco devices. By the end of this book, you’ll comprehensively know how disparate network topologies and technologies work together to form the fully operational networks that are vital to today’s very way of life in the developed world. The knowledge and expertise you’ll gain here are essential for and relevant to every networking job. It’s why Cisco certifications are in such high demand—even at companies with few Cisco devices!
For up-to-the-minute updates covering additions or modifications to the Cisco certification exams, as well as additional study tools, review questions, videos, and bonus materials, be sure to visit the Todd Lammle website and forum at www.lammle.com/ccna.
Cisco’s Network Certifications
Way back in 1998, obtaining the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification was the first pitch in the Cisco certification climb. It was also the official prerequisite to each of the more advanced levels. But that changed in 2007, when Cisco announced the Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) certification. Then again, in May 2016, Cisco announced new updates to the CCENT and CCNA Routing and Switching (R/S) tests. Today, things have changed dramatically again.
In July 2019, Cisco switched up the certification process more than they have in the last 20 years! They announced all-new certifications that started in February 2020, and then again, an update and revision in the summer of 2024, which is probably why you’re reading this book!
So what’s changed? For starters, the CCENT course and exam (ICND1 and ICND2) no longer exist, nor do the terms Routing & Switching (rebranded to Enterprise). On top of that, the CCNA is no longer a prerequisite for any of the higher certifications at all, meaning that you’ll be able to jump straight to CCNP without having to take the new CCNA exam if you have already achieved the CCNA or have enough background to skip the CCNA.
The new Cisco certification process will look like this:
FIGURE I.1 The Cisco certification path
First, the CCST entry-level certification was added, and you can find the Wiley Study Guide for the CCST Network book authored by Todd Lammle and Donald Robb, as well as this CCNA Study Guide, at https://www.lammle.com/order-our-books.
If you have an entry-level network background, you will want to head directly to CCNA, using this book and the abundant resources on www.lammle.com/ccna, of course!
The Todd Lammle CCNA program, beginning with this book, is a powerful tool to get you started in your CCNA studies, and it’s vital to understand the material found in this book and at www.lammle.com/ccna before you go on to conquer any other certifications!
What Does This Book Cover?
This first book in the CCNA series covers everything you need to know regarding internetworking, Ethernet, switching, and routing. Volume II starts right where this first book in the series leaves off.
But regardless of which Cisco certification path you choose, as I’ve said, taking plenty of time to study and practice with routers or a router simulator is the real key to success.
You will learn the following information in this book:
Chapter 1
: Network Fundamentals
In
Chapter 1
, you will learn the basics of network fundamentals, the Cisco three-layer model, and wide area networks. Ethernet cabling including, fiber-optic, is discussed. The chapter ends with an overview of PoE. Review questions await you at the end to test your understanding of the material.
Chapter 2
: Ethernet Networking
Chapter 2
provides you with the Ethernet foundation you need in order to pass both the CCST and CCNA exams. Data encapsulation is discussed in detail in this chapter as well. As with the other chapters, this chapter includes written labs and review questions to help you.
Chapter 3
: TCP/IP
Chapter 3
covers the protocols of TCP/IP. I’ll begin by exploring the DoD’s version of TCP/IP, then compare that version and its protocols with the OSI reference model. Lastly, I’ll dive into the world of IP addressing and the different classes of IP addresses used in networks today. Review questions are included at the end of the chapter to test your understanding of the material.
Chapter 4
: Easy Subnetting
Chapter 4
picks up right where we left off in the last chapter and continues to explore the world of IP addressing. The chapter opens by showing you how to subnet an IP network. Prepare yourself because being able to subnet quickly and accurately is pretty challenging. Use the review questions to test your ability to understand subnetting. You can also use the bonus tools found at
www.lammle.com/ccna
.
Chapter 5
: Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Chapter 5
covers IP address troubleshooting while focusing on the steps Cisco recommends following when troubleshooting an IP network. Working through this chapter will hone your knowledge of IP addressing and networking while refining the essential skills you’ve attained so far.
Chapter 6
: Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS)
Chapter 6
introduces you to the Cisco Internetworking Operating System (IOS) and command-line interface (CLI). You’ll learn how to turn on a router and configure the basics of the IOS, including setting passwords, banners, and more. Be sure to complete the written lab and review questions.
Chapter 7
: Managing a Cisco Internetwork
Chapter 7
covers the finer points of layer 2 switching to ensure that you know exactly how it works. You should already know that we rely on switching to break up large collision domains into smaller ones and that a collision domain is a network segment with two or more devices sharing the same bandwidth. Switches have changed the way networks are designed and implemented. If a pure switched design is implemented well, the result will be a clean, cost-effective, and resilient internetwork.
Chapter 8
: Managing Cisco Devices
Chapter 8
describes the boot process of Cisco routers, the configuration register, and how to manage Cisco IOS files. The chapter finishes with a section on Cisco’s new licensing strategy for IOS. The written labs and review questions will help you build a strong foundation for the objectives covered in this chapter.
Chapter 9
: IP Routing
Chapter 9
focuses on the core topic of the ubiquitous IP routing process. It’s integral to networking because it pertains to all routers and configurations that use it—easily the lion’s share. IP routing is basically the process of moving packets from one network to another network using routers, and this chapter covers IP routing in depth.
Chapter 10
: Open Shortest Path First
Chapter 10
discusses Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), which is by far the most popular and important routing protocol in use today—so important that I’m devoting an entire chapter to it! The chapter begins with the basics by completely familiarizing you with key OSPF terminology.
Chapter 11
: Enhanced IGRP
Chapter 11
covers Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP), which is a Cisco-proprietary routing protocol that has been available for other companies to add to their router operating systems for a few years now. This advanced distance-vector routing protocol is covered in depth, including exam essentials, a written lab, and review questions.
Chapter 12
: Layer 2 Switching
Chapter 12
provides the solid background you need on layer two switching, how switches perform address learning, and how to make forwarding and filtering decisions. In addition, switch port security with MAC addresses is covered in detail. As always, go through the hands-on labs, written lab, and review questions to make sure you’ve really got layer two switching down!
Chapter 13
: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 13
discusses how we break up broadcast domains in a pure switched internetwork. We do this by creating virtual local area networks (VLANs). We’ll also guide you through troubleshooting techniques in this all-important chapter. The written lab and review questions reinforce the VLAN material.
Chapter 14
: Cloud and Virtual Private Networks
Chapter 14
provides in-depth coverage of VPNs. You’ll learn some smart solutions that will help you meet your company’s off-site network access needs and dive deep into how these networks utilize IP security to provide secure communications over a public network via the Internet using VPNs with IPsec. This VPN section wraps up by demonstrating how to create a tunnel using GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation). We’ll then dive into on-premises and cloud technologies. “Private cloud” is simply a fancy term for hosting resources inside your physical environment, usually in a data center. You might have heard the saying that “cloud is just using someone else’s data center,” but this time, we are referring to yours! Generally speaking, the terms “private cloud” and “on-premises” are used interchangeably.
Chapter 15
: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Chapter 15
dives into the new and exciting world of machine learning and generative AI. By the end of the chapter, you will understand how they work and why they are beneficial to understand as a networking professional. We will even get into practical examples!
Appendix A: Answers to the Written Labs
This appendix provides the answers to the end-of-chapter written labs.
Appendix B: Answers to the Review Questions
This appendix provides the answers to the end-of-chapter review questions.
Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank
The interactive online learning environment that accompanies the CCNA Certification Study Guide provides a test bank with study tools to help you prepare for the certification exams and increase your chances of passing them the first time! The test bank includes the following elements:
Sample Tests
All of the questions in this book are provided in the test bank, including the assessment test, which you’ll find at the end of this introduction, and the review questions at the end of each chapter. In addition, you’ll find a bonus exam. Use these questions to test your knowledge of the study guide material. The online test bank runs on multiple devices.
Electronic Flashcards
The flashcards are included for quick reference and are great tools for learning quick facts. You can even consider these as additional simple practice questions, which is essentially what they are.
PDF of Glossary of Terms
There is a glossary included that covers the key terms used in this book.
The Sybex Interactive Online Test Bank, flashcards, and glossary can be accessed at http://www.wiley.com/go/Sybextestprep.
Todd Lammle Bonus Material and Labs
Be sure to check
www.lammle.com/ccna
for directions on how to download all the latest bonus material created specifically to help you study for your CCNA exam.
Todd Lammle Videos
I have created a full CCNA series of videos that can be purchased at
www.lammle.com/ccna
.
Like all exams, the CCNA certification is updated periodically and may eventually be retired or replaced. At some point after Cisco is no longer offering this exam, the old editions of our books and online tools will be retired. If you have purchased this book after the exam was retired, or you are attempting to register in the Sybex online learning environment after the exam was retired, please know that we make no guarantees that this exam’s online Sybex tools will be available once the exam is no longer available.
CCNA Exam Overview
Cisco has designed the new CCNA program to prepare you for today’s associate-level job roles in IT technologies. The CCNA now includes security and automation and programmability, and there is even a new CCNA DevNet certification. The new CCNA program has one certification that covers a broad range of fundamentals for IT careers.
The new CCNA certification covers a huge number of topics, including:
Network fundamentals
Network access
IP connectivity
IP services
Security fundamentals
Wireless
Automation and programmability
Are There Any Prerequisites for Taking the CCNA Exam?
Not really, but having experience is really helpful. Cisco has no formal prerequisites for CCNA certification, but you should understand the exam topics before taking the exam.
CCNA candidates often also have:
One or more years of experience implementing and administering Cisco solutions
Knowledge of basic IP addressing
A good understanding of network fundamentals
How to Use This Book
If you want a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the new CCNA exam, then look no further. I’ve spent hundreds of hours putting together this book with the sole intention of helping you pass the Cisco exams, as well as really learning how to correctly configure Cisco routers and switches!
This book is loaded with valuable information, and you will get the most out of your study time if you understand the way in which the book is organized.
To maximize your benefit from this book, I recommend the following study method:
Take the assessment test that’s provided at the end of this introduction. (The answers are at the end of the test.) It’s okay if you don’t know any of the answers; that’s why you bought this book! Carefully read over the explanations for any questions you get wrong and note the chapters where the relevant material relevant is covered. This information should help you plan your study strategy.
Study each chapter carefully, making sure you fully understand the information and the test objectives listed at the beginning of each one. Pay extra-close attention to any chapter that includes material covered in questions you missed.
Answer all of the review questions related to each chapter. (The answers appear in
Appendix A
.) Note the questions that confuse you and study the topics they cover again until the concepts are crystal clear. And again—do not just skim these questions! Make sure you fully comprehend the reason for each correct answer. Remember, these will not be the exact questions you will find on the exam, but they’re written to help you understand the chapter material and ultimately pass the exam!
Try your hand at the practice questions that are exclusive to this book. The questions can be found only at
http://www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep.
Don’t forget to check out
www.lammle.com/ccna
for the most up-to-date Cisco exam prep questions, videos, hands-on labs, and Todd Lammle boot camps.
Test yourself using the flashcards, which are also found on the download link listed in step 4. These are brand-new and updated flashcards to help you prepare for the CCNA exam and a wonderful study tool!
To learn every bit of the material covered in this book, you’ll have to apply yourself regularly and with discipline. Try to set aside the same time period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so. I’m confident that if you work hard, you’ll be surprised at how quickly you will learn this material!
You can download bonus material and hands-on labs from www.Lammle.com/ccna, and by doing hands-on labs every single day in addition to using the review questions, the practice exams, the optional Todd Lammle video sections on Lammle.com, the electronic flashcards, and the written labs included with this book—it would actually be hard to fail the Cisco exams.
But understand that studying for the Cisco exams is a lot like getting in shape—if you do not go to the gym every day, it’s not going to happen!
Where Do You Take the Exam?
You can take the CCNA Composite or any Cisco exam at any of the Pearson VUE authorized testing centers. For information, check www.vue.com or call 877-404-EXAM (3926).
To register for a Cisco exam, follow these steps:
Determine the number of the exam you want to take. (The CCNA exam number is 200-301.)
Register with the nearest Pearson VUE testing center. At this point, you will be asked to pay for the exam in advance. You can schedule exams up to six weeks in advance or as late as the day you want to take it—but if you fail a Cisco exam, you must wait five days before you will be allowed to retake it. If you need to cancel or reschedule your exam appointment, contact Pearson VUE at least 24 hours in advance.
When you schedule the exam, you’ll get instructions regarding all appointment and cancellation procedures, the ID requirements, and information about the testing-center location.
Tips for Taking Your Cisco Exams
The Cisco exams contain approximately 50 questions and must be completed in about 90 minutes. It’s difficult to provide exact details, as they frequently change. Typically, you need a score of around 85 percent to pass, but this can vary depending on the exam.
Many questions on the exam have answer choices that at first glance look identical—especially the syntax questions! So, remember to read through the choices carefully because close just doesn’t cut it. If you get commands in the wrong order or forget one measly character, you’ll get the question wrong.
Also, never forget that the right answer is the Cisco answer. In many cases, more than one appropriate answer is presented, but the correct answer is the one that Cisco recommends. On the exam, you will always be told to pick one, two, or three options, never “choose all that apply.” The Cisco exam may include the following test formats:
Multiple-choice single answer
Multiple-choice multiple answer
Drag-and-drop
Router simulations
Cisco proctored exams will not show the steps to follow in completing a router interface configuration, but they do allow partial command responses. For example, show run, sho running, or sh running-config would all be acceptable.
Here are some general tips for exam success:
Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials.
Read the questions
carefully
. Don’t jump to conclusions. Make sure you’re clear about
exactly
what each question asks. I always tell my students, “Read twice, answer once.”
When answering multiple-choice questions that you’re not sure about, use the process of elimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing this greatly improves your odds if you need to make an educated guess.
You can no longer move forward and backward through the Cisco exams, so double-check your answer before clicking Next, as you can’t change your mind.
After you complete an exam, you’ll get immediate online notification of your pass or fail status, along with a printed examination score report detailing your results by section. (The test administrator will provide the printed score report.)
Test scores are automatically forwarded to Cisco within 5 working days after you take the test, so you don’t need to send your score to them. If you pass the exam, you’ll receive confirmation from Cisco, typically within 2–4 weeks, though sometimes a bit longer.
CCNA Certification Exam 200-301 Objectives
This table shows where each exam is covered in this book series.
Objective
Volume, Chapter
1.0 Network Fundamentals
Volume 1,
Chapters 1
/
3
/
4
/
12
/
14
Volume 2, Chapters 3/4/10/13/14
1.1 Explain the role and function of network components
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.1.a Routers
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.1.b Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.1.c Next-generation firewalls and IPS
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.1.d Access points
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
1.1.e Controllers
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
1.1.f Endpoints
Volume 1,
Chapter 5
1.1.g Servers
Volume 1,
Chapter 5
1.1.h PoE
Volume 1,
Chapter 2
1.2 Describe characteristics of network topology architectures
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.2.a Two-tier
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.2.b Three-tier
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
Volume 2,
Chapter 14
1.2.c Spine-leaf
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.2.d WAN
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.2.e Small office/home office (SOHO)
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
1.2.f On-premises and cloud
Volume 1,
Chapter 14
1.3 Compare physical interface and cabling types
Volume 1,
Chapter 2
1.3.a Single-mode fiber, multimode fiber, copper
Volume 1,
Chapter 2
1.3.b Connections (Ethernet shared media and point-to-point)
Volume 1,
Chapter 2
1.4 Identify interface and cable issues (collisions, errors, mismatch duplex, and/or speed)
Volume 1,
Chapter 2
1.5 Compare TCP to UDP
Volume 1,
Chapter 3
1.6 Configure and verify IPv4 addressing and subnetting
Volume 1,
Chapter 3
/
4
/
5
Volume 2,
Chapter 4
1.7 Describe private IPv4 addressing
Volume 1,
Chapter 3
1.8 Configure and verify IPv6 addressing and prefix
Volume 2,
Chapter 3
Volume 2,
Chapter 4
1.9 Describe IPv6 address types
Volume 2,
Chapter 3
1.9.a Unicast (global, unique local, and link local)
Volume 2,
Chapter 3
1.9.b Anycast
Volume 2,
Chapter 3
1.9.c Multicast
Volume 2,
Chapter 3
1.9.d Modified EUI 64
Volume 2,
Chapter 3
1.10 Verify IP parameters for Client OS (Windows, Mac OS, Linux)
Volume 1,
Chapter 5
Volume 2,
Chapter 4
1.11 Describe wireless principles
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
1.11.a Nonoverlapping Wi-Fi channels
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
1.11.b SSID
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
1.11.c RF
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
1.11.d Encryption
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
1.12 Explain virtualization fundamentals (server virtualization, containers, and VRFs)
Volume 2,
Chapter 13
1.13 Describe switching concepts
Volume 1,
Chapter 12
1.13.a MAC learning and aging
Volume 1,
Chapter 12
1.13.b Frame switching
Volume 1,
Chapter 12
1.13.c Frame flooding
Volume 1,
Chapter 12
1.13.d MAC address table
Volume 1,
Chapter 12
2.0 Network Access
Volume 1,
Chapter 1
/
8
Volume 2,
Chapter 1
/6/12
2.1 Configure and verify VLANs (normal range) spanning multiple switches
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.1.a Access ports (data and voice)
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.1.b Default VLAN
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.1.c InterVLAN connectivity
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.2 Configure and verify interswitch connectivity
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.2.a Trunk ports
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.2.b 802.1Q
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.2.c Native VLAN
Volume 1,
Chapter 13
2.3 Configure and verify Layer 2 discovery protocols (Cisco Discovery Protocol and LLDP)
Volume 1,
Chapter 8
Volume 2,
Chapter 6
2.4 Configure and verify (Layer 2/Layer 3) EtherChannel (LACP)
Volume 2,
Chapter 1
2.5 Interpret basic operations of Rapid PVST+ Spanning Tree Protocol
Volume 2,
Chapter 1
2.5.a Root port, root bridge (primary/secondary), and other port names
Volume 2,
Chapter 1
2.5.b Port states and roles
Volume 2,
Chapter 1
2.5.c PortFast
Volume 2,
Chapter 1
2.5.d Root guard, loop guard, BPDU filter, and BPDU guard
Volume 2,
Chapter 1
2.6 Describe Cisco Wireless Architectures and AP modes
Volume 2,
Chapter 11
/12
2.7 Describe physical infrastructure connections of WLAN components (AP, WLC, access/trunk ports, and LAG)
Volume 2,
Chapter 11
/12
2.8 Describe network device management access (Telnet, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, console, TACACS+/RADIUS, and cloud managed)
Volume 1,
Chapter 8
2.9 Interpret the wireless LAN GUI configuration for client connectivity, such as WLAN creation, security settings, QoS profiles, and advanced settings
Volume 2,
Chapter 11
/12
3.0 IP Connectivity
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
Volume 2,
Chapter 4
/8
3.1 Interpret the components of routing table
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
Volume 2,
Chapter 4
3.1.a Routing protocol code
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.1.b Prefix
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.1.c Network mask
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.1.d Next hop
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.1.e Administrative distance
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.1.f Metric
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.1.g Gateway of last resort
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.2 Determine how a router makes a forwarding decision by default
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.2.a Longest prefix match
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.2.b Administrative distance
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.2.c Routing protocol metric
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.3 Configure and verify IPv4 and IPv6 static routing
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
Volume 2,
Chapter 3
/4
3.3.a Default route
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.3.b Network route
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.3.c Host route
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.3.d Floating static
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
3.4 Configure and verify single area OSPFv2
Volume 1,
Chapter 10
3.4.a Neighbor adjacencies
Volume 1,
Chapter 10
3.4.b Point-to-point
Volume 1,
Chapter 10
3.4.c Broadcast (DR/BDR selection)
Volume 1,
Chapter 10
3.4.d Router ID
Volume 1,
Chapter 10
3.5 Describe the purpose, functions, and concepts of first hop redundancy protocols
Volume 2,
Chapter 8
4.0 IP Services
Volume 1,
Chapter 3
/
9
Volume 2,
Chapter 5
/6/9
4.1 Configure and verify inside source NAT using static and pools
Volume 2,
Chapter 5
4.2 Configure and verify NTP operating in a client and server mode
Volume 2,
Chapter 6
4.3 Explain the role of DHCP and DNS within the network
Volume 1,
Chapter 3
/
9
4.4 Explain the function of SNMP in network operations
Volume 1,
Chapter 3
Volume 2,
Chapter 6
4.5 Describe the use of syslog features, including facilities and severity levels
Volume 2,
Chapter 6
4.6 Configure and verify DHCP client and relay
Volume 1,
Chapter 9
4.7 Explain the forwarding per-hop behavior (PHB) for QoS such as classification, marking, queuing, congestion, policing, and shaping
Volume 2,
Chapter 9
4.8 Configure network devices for remote access using SSH
Volume 2,
Chapter 6
4.9 Describe the capabilities and functions of TFTP/FTP in the network
Volume 1,
Chapter 3
5.0 Security Fundamentals
Volume 1,
Chapter 15
Volume 2,
Chapter 2
/7/10/11/12/14
5.1 Define key security concepts (threats, vulnerabilities, exploits, and mitigation techniques)
Volume 2,
Chapter 7
5.2 Describe security program elements (user awareness, training, and physical access control)
Volume 2,
Chapter 7
5.3 Configure and verify device access control using local passwords
Volume 2,
Chapter 7
5.4 Describe security password policy elements, such as management, complexity, and password alternatives (multifactor authentication, certificates, and biometrics)
Volume 2,
Chapter 7
5.5 Describe IPsec remote access and site-to-site VPNs
Volume 1,
Chapter 14
5.6 Configure and verify access control lists
Volume 2,
Chapter 2
5.7 Configure and verify Layer 2 security features (DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection, and port security)
Volume 2,
Chapter 7
5.8 Compare authentication, authorization, and accounting concepts
Volume 2,
Chapter 7
5.9 Describe wireless security protocols (WPA, WPA2, and WPA3)
Volume 2,
Chapter 10
5.10 Configure and verify WLAN within the GUI using WPA2 PSK
Volume 2,
Chapter 11
/12
6.0 Automation and Programmability
Volume 1,
Chapter 15
Volume 2, Chapters 14/15/16
6.1 Explain how automation impacts network management
Volume 2,
Chapter 14
6.2 Compare traditional networks with controller-based networking
Volume 2,
Chapter 14
6.3 Describe controller-based, software defined architecture (overlay, underlay, and fabric)
Volume 2,
Chapter 14
6.3.a Separation of control plane and data plane
Volume 2,
Chapter 14
6.3.b Northbound and Southbound APIs
Volume 2,
Chapter 14
6.4 Explain AI (generative and predictive) and machine learning in network operations
Volume 1,
Chapter 15
6.5 Describe characteristics of REST-based APIs (authentication types, CRUD, HTTP verbs, and data encoding)
Volume 2,
Chapter 15
6.6 Recognize the capabilities of configuration management mechanisms such as Ansible and Terraform
Volume 2, Chapter 16
6.7 Recognize components of JSON-encoded data
Volume 2,
Chapter 15
How to Contact the Publisher
If you believe you have found a mistake in this book, please bring it to our attention. At John Wiley & Sons, we understand how important it is to provide our customers with accurate content, but even with our best efforts an error may occur.
In order to submit your possible errata, please email it to our Customer Service Team at [email protected] with the subject line “Possible Book Errata Submission.”
