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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Sybex Study Guide
- Sprache: Englisch
Cisco expert Todd Lammle prepares you for the NEW Cisco CCNA certification exam! Cisco, the world leader in network technologies, has released the new Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam. This consolidated certification exam tests a candidate's ability to implement and administer a wide range of modern IT networking technologies. The CCNA Certification Study Guide: Volume 2 Exam 200-301 covers every exam objective, including network components, IP connectivity and routing, network security, virtual networking, and much more. Clear and accurate chapters provide you with real-world examples, hands-on activities, in-depth explanations, and numerous review questions to ensure that you're fully prepared on exam day. Written by the leading expert on Cisco technologies and certifications, this comprehensive exam guide includes access to the acclaimed Sybex online learning system--an interactive environment featuring practice exams, electronic flashcards, a searchable glossary, a self-assessment test, and video tutorials on critical Cisco networking concepts and technologies. * Covers 100% of all CCNA Exam 200-301 objectives * Provides accurate and up-to-date information on core network fundamentals * Explains a broad range of Cisco networking and IT infrastructure * Features learning objectives, chapter summaries, 'Exam Essentials' and figures, tables, and illustrations The CCNA Certification Study Guide: Volume 2 Exam 200-301 is the ideal resource for those preparing for the new CCNA certification, as well as IT professionals looking to learn more about Cisco networking concepts and technologies.
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Volume 2
CCNACertification
Study GuideExam 200-301
Todd Lammle
Copyright © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-1-119-65918-1ISBN: 978-1-119-66025-5 (ebk.)ISBN: 978-1-119-66020-0 (ebk.)
Manufactured in the United States of America
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
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Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.
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TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CCNA is a registered trademark of Cisco Technology, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Acknowledgments
There were many people who helped me build the new CCNA books in 2019 and 2020. First, Kenyon Brown helped me put together the direction for the books and managed the internal editing at Wiley, so thank you, Ken, for working diligently for many months keeping these books moving along. Thanks also to Christine O'Connor, my production editor at Wiley for well over a decade now, as well as Judy Flynn my go-to editor who always does an excellent job! Thanks also to Kim Wimpsett for proofreading and to Todd Montgomery for technical proofreading.
The co-author I used in this book was Donald Robb out of Canada. He helped me put together the two wireless chapters and completely wrote the three DevNet chapters (21–23). His knowledge of the subject is second to none and he blew me away! You'll love his work too. You can reach Donald through his popular blog at https://the-packet-thrower.com. He also is a top moderator and contributor at reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/ccna/.
The top editors I used in the CCNA series included Troy McMillon, who read each chapter in the full series multiple times, making amazing discoveries both technically and editorially. Todd Montgomery was the most excellent tech editor for the complete two book CCNA Series. Also, Monica Lammle read and reread each chapter and really helped me keep the voicing in place throughout the editorial process, which isn't an easy thing to do!
About the Author
Todd Lammle is the authority on Cisco certification and internetworking and is Cisco certified in most Cisco certification categories. He is a world-renowned author, speaker, trainer, and consultant. Todd has three decades of experience working with LANs, WANs, and large enterprise licensed and unlicensed wireless networks, and lately he's been implementing large Cisco Security networks using Firepower/FTD and ISE.
His years of real-world experience are evident in his writing; he is not just an author but an experienced networking engineer with very practical experience from working on the largest networks in the world, at such companies as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others.
Todd has published almost 100 books, including the very popular CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide, CCNA Wireless Study Guide, CCNA Data Center Study Guide, SSFIPS (Firepower), and CCNP Security, all from Sybex. He runs an international consulting and training company based in Colorado, where he spends his free time in the mountains playing with his golden retrievers.
You can reach Todd through his website at www.lammle.com.
CONTENTS
Cover
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Introduction
Assessment Test
Answers to Assessment Test
Chapter 1 Network Fundamentals
Network Components
Next-Generation Firewalls and IPS
Network Topology Architectures
Physical Interfaces and Cables
Ethernet Cabling
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 2 TCP/IP
Introducing TCP/IP
TCP/IP and the DoD Model
IP Addressing
IPv4 Address Types
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 3 Easy Subnetting
Subnetting Basics
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Cisco’s Way of Troubleshooting IP
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 5 IP Routing
Routing Basics
The IP Routing Process
Configuring IP Routing
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network
Dynamic Routing
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 6 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics
Configuring OSPF
OSPF and Loopback Interfaces
Verifying OSPF Configuration
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 7 Layer 2 Switching
Switching Services
Configuring Catalyst Switches
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 8 VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing
VLAN Basics
Identifying VLANs
Routing Between VLANs
Configuring VLANs
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 9 Enhanced Switched Technologies
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Types of Spanning-Tree Protocols
Modifying and Verifying the Bridge ID
Spanning-Tree Failure Consequences
PortFast and BPDU Guard
EtherChannel
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 10 Access Lists
Perimeter, Firewall, and Internal Routers
Introduction to Access Lists
Standard Access Lists
Extended Access Lists
Monitoring Access Lists
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
When Do We Use NAT?
Types of Network Address Translation
NAT Names
How NAT Works
Testing and Troubleshooting NAT
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 12 IP Services
Exploring Connected Devices Using CDP and LLDP
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
SNMP
Syslog
Secure Shell (SSH)
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 13 Security
Network Security Threats
Three Primary Network Attacks
Network Attacks
Security Program Elements
Layer 2 Security Features
Authentication Methods
Managing User Accounts
Security Password Policy Elements
User-Authentication Methods
Setting Passwords
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 14 First Hop Redundancy Protocol (HSRP)
Client Redundancy Issues
Introducing First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP)
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 15 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Virtual Private Networks
GRE Tunnels
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 16 Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service
Trust Boundary
QoS Mechanisms
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 17 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
Why Do We Need IPv6?
The Benefits and Uses of IPv6
IPv6 Addressing and Expressions
How IPv6 Works in an Internetwork
IPv6 Routing Protocols
Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork
Configuring Routing on Our Internetwork
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 18 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs
Endpoints
Servers
IP Config
Troubleshooting IP Network Connectivity
Troubleshooting IPv6 Network Connectivity
Troubleshooting VLAN Connectivity
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 19 Wireless Technologies
Wireless Networks
Basic Wireless Devices
Wireless Principles
Nonoverlapping Wi-Fi channels
Radio Frequency (RF)
Wireless Security
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Question
Chapter 20 Configuring Wireless Technologies
WLAN Deployment Models
Setting Up a Wireless LAN Controller (WLC)
Joining Access Points (APs)
Wireless LAN Controllers (WLC)
WLC Port Types
WLC Interface Types
AP Modes
AP and WLC Management Access Connections
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 21 Virtualization, Automation, and Programmability
Virtual Machine Fundamentals
Virtualization Components
Virtualization Features
Virtualization Types
Virtualization Solutions
Automation Components
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 22 SDN Controllers
Traditional Network Monitoring Systems (NMS)
Traditional Network Configuration Managers (NCMs)
Traditional Networking
Introduction to SDN
Separating the Control Plane
Controller-Based Architectures
SDN Network Components
DNA Center Overview
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 23 Configuration Management
Team Silos
DevOps
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
Ansible
Ansible Tower/AWX
Puppet
Chef
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Appendix Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 1: Network Fundamentals
Chapter 2: TCP/IP
Chapter 3: Easy Subnetting
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting IP Addressing
Chapter 5: IP Routing
Chapter 6: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Chapter 7: Layer 2 Switching
Chapter 8: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing
Chapter 9: Enhanced Switched Technologies
Chapter 10: Access Lists
Chapter 11: Network Address Translation (NAT)
Chapter 12: IP Services
Chapter 13: Security
Chapter 14: First Hop Redundancy Protocol (HSRP)
Chapter 15: Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Chapter 16: Quality of Service (QoS)
Chapter 17: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
Chapter 18: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs
Chapter 19: Wireless Technologies
Chapter 20: Configuring Wireless Technologies
Chapter 21: Virtualization, Automation, and Programmability
Chapter 22: SDN Controllers
Chapter 23: Configuration Management
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5
Chapter 3
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Chapter 5
Table 5.1
Chapter 6
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Chapter 9
Table 9.1
Chapter 10
Table 10.1
Chapter 11
Table 11.1
Table 11.2
Chapter 12
Table 12.1
Table 12.2
Chapter 14
Table 14.1
Chapter 17
Table 17.1
Table 17.2
Chapter 19
Table 19.1
Chapter 21
Table 21.1
Table 21.2
List of Illustrations
Introduction
Figure I.1: The Cisco certification path
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 A very basic SOHO network
Figure 1.2 A switch can break up collision domains.
Figure 1.3 Routers create an internetwork.
Figure 1.4 Switches work at layer 2.
Figure 1.5 Physical components of a network
Figure 1.6 NGFW can stop attacks in real time.
Figure 1.7 Cisco IPS policy to the rescue!
Figure 1.8 Cisco Firepower IPS policy dropped the bad guys packets!
Figure 1.9 The Cisco hierarchical model
Figure 1.10 Real-life collapsed core (2-tier) Image
Figure 1.11 Top of Rack Network Design
Figure 1.12 Spine-leaf design
Figure 1.13 WAN terms
Figure 1.14 Category 5 Enhanced UTP cable
Figure 1.15 Straight-through Ethernet cable
Figure 1.16 Crossover Ethernet cable
Figure 1.17 Typical uses for straight-through and cross-over Ethernet cables
Figure 1.18 UTP Gigabit crossover Ethernet cable
Figure 1.19 Typical fiber cable. Dimensions are in um (10
–6
meters). Not to scale.
Figure 1.20 Multimode and single-mode fibers
Figure 1.21 NGFW ports provide PoE
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 The DoD and OSI models
Figure 2.2 The TCP/IP protocol suite
Figure 2.3 Telnet
Figure 2.4 Secure Shell
Figure 2.5 FTP
Figure 2.6 TFTP
Figure 2.7 SNMP
Figure 2.8 HTTP
Figure 2.9 NTP
Figure 2.10 DNS
Figure 2.11 DHCP client four-step process
Figure 2.12 TCP segment format
Figure 2.13 UDP segment
Figure 2.14 Port numbers for TCP and UDP
Figure 2.15 IP header
Figure 2.16 The Protocol field in an IP header
Figure 2.17 ICMP error message is sent to the sending host from the remote router
Figure 2.18 ICMP in action
Figure 2.19 Local ARP broadcast
Figure 2.20 Summary of the three classes of networks
Figure 2.21 Local layer 2 broadcasts
Figure 2.22 Layer 3 broadcasts
Figure 2.23 Unicast address
Figure 2.24 EIGRP multicast example
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 One network
Figure 3.2 Multiple networks connected together
Figure 3.3 Implementing a Class C /25 logical network
Figure 3.4 Implementing a class C /26 (with three networks)
Figure 3.5 Implementing a Class C /27 logical network
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Basic IP troubleshooting
Figure 4.2 IP address
problem 1
Figure 4.3 IP address
problem 2
Figure 4.4 Find the valid host #1.
Figure 4.5 Find the valid host #2.
Figure 4.6 Find the valid host address #3.
Figure 4.7 Find the valid subnet mask
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 A simple routing example
Figure 5.2 IP routing example using two hosts and one router
Figure 5.3 Frame used from Host A to the Lab_A router when Host B is pinged
Figure 5.4 IP routing
example 1
Figure 5.5 IP routing
example 2
Figure 5.6 Basic IP routing using MAC and IP addresses
Figure 5.7 Testing basic routing knowledge
Figure 5.8 Configuring IP routing
Figure 5.9 Our internetwork
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 OSPF design example. An OSPF hierarchical design minimizes routing table entrie...
Figure 6.2 The Hello protocol
Figure 6.3 Sample OSPF wildcard configuration
Figure 6.4 Our new network layout
Figure 6.5 Adding a non-OSPF network to LA router
Figure 6.6 OSPF router ID (RID)
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Empty forward/filter table on a switch
Figure 7.2 How switches learn hosts’ locations
Figure 7.3 Forward/filter table
Figure 7.4 Forward/filter table answer
Figure 7.5 “Port security” on a switch port restricts port access by MAC address.
Figure 7.6 Protecting a PC in a lobby
Figure 7.7 Broadcast storm
Figure 7.8 Multiple frame copies
Figure 7.9 A Cisco Catalyst switch
Figure 7.10 Our switched network
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Flat network structure
Figure 8.2 The benefit of a switched network
Figure 8.3 One switch, one LAN: Before VLANs, there were no separations between hosts.
Figure 8.4 One switch, two virtual LANs (
logical
separation between hosts): Still physic...
Figure 8.5 Access ports
Figure 8.6 VLANs can span multiple switches by using trunk links, which carry traffic for ...
Figure 8.7 IEEE 802.1q encapsulation with and without the 802.1q tag
Figure 8.8 Router connecting three VLANs together for inter-VLAN communication, one router...
Figure 8.9 Router on a stick: single router interface connecting all three VLANs together ...
Figure 8.10 A router creates logical interfaces.
Figure 8.11 With IVR, routing runs on the backplane of the switch, and it appears to the ho...
Figure 8.12 Configuring inter-VLAN
example 1
Figure 8.13 Inter-VLAN
example 2
Figure 8.14 Inter-VLAN
example 3
Figure 8.15 Inter-VLAN
example 4
Figure 8.16 Inter-VLAN routing with a multilayer switch
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 A switched network with switching loops
Figure 9.2 A switched network with STP
Figure 9.3 STP operations
Figure 9.4 STP operations
Figure 9.5 STP converged
Figure 9.6 STP operations
Figure 9.7 Common STP example
Figure 9.8 PVST+ provides efficient root bridge selection.
Figure 9.9 PVST+ unique bridge ID
Figure 9.10 RSTP
example 1
Figure 9.11 RSTP example 1 answer
Figure 9.12 RSTP example 2
Figure 9.13 RSTP example 2, answer 1
Figure 9.14 RSTP
example 2
, answer 2
Figure 9.15 Our simple three-switch network
Figure 9.16 STP stopping loops
Figure 9.17 STP failure
Figure 9.18 PortFast
Figure 9.19 Before and after port channels
Figure 9.20 EtherChannel example
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 A typical secured network
Figure 10.2 IP access list example with three LANs and a WAN connection
Figure 10.3 IP standard access list
example 2
Figure 10.4 IP standard access list
example 3
Figure 10.5 Extended ACL
example 1
Figure 10.6 Extended ACL
example 3
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Where to configure NAT
Figure 11.2 Basic NAT translation
Figure 11.3 NAT overloading example (PAT)
Figure 11.4 NAT example
Figure 11.5 Another NAT example
Figure 11.6 Last NAT example
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Cisco Discovery Protocol
Figure 12.2 Documenting a network topology using CDP
Figure 12.3 Network topology documented
Figure 12.4 Synchronizing time information
Figure 12.5 SNMP GET and TRAP messages
Figure 12.6 Cisco’s MIB OIDs
Figure 12.7 Messages sent to a syslog server
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Aerial view of a mantrap
Figure 13.2 Mitigating Threats at the Access Layer
Figure 13.3 DHCP Snooping
Figure 13.4 Identity-Based Networking
Figure 13.5 RSA token card
Figure 13.6 External Authentication options
Figure 13.7 The certificate authority process
Figure 13.8 PKI Encryption Process in action
Figure 13.9 The Kerberos authentication process
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Default gateway
Figure 14.2 Proxy ARP
Figure 14.3 FHRPs use a virtual router with a virtual IP address and virtual MAC address.
Figure 14.4 HSRP active and standby routers
Figure 14.5 Example of HSRP active and standby routers swapping interfaces
Figure 14.6 HSRP Hellos
Figure 14.7 Interface tracking setup
Figure 14.8 HSRP configuration and verification
Figure 14.9 HSRP load balancing per VLAN
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Example of using a VPN
Figure 15.2 Enterprise-managed VPNs
Figure 15.3 Provider-managed VPNs
Figure 15.4 Security Protocols
Figure 15.5 Encryption Process
Figure 15.6 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel structure
Figure 15.7 Example of GRE configuration
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Traffic characteristics
Figure 16.2 Trust boundary
Figure 16.3 Policing and shaping rate limiters
Figure 16.4 Congestion management
Figure 16.5 Modern queuing mechanisms
Figure 16.6 LLQ queuing mechanisms
Figure 16.7 Congestion avoidance
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 IPv6 address example
Figure 17.2 IPv6 global unicast addresses
Figure 17.3 IPv6 link local FE80::/10: The first 10 bits define the address type.
Figure 17.4 EUI-64 interface ID assignment
Figure 17.5 Two steps to IPv6 autoconfiguration
Figure 17.6 IPv6 autoconfiguration example
Figure 17.7 IPv6 header
Figure 17.8 ICMPv6
Figure 17.9 Router solicitation (RS) and router advertisement (RA)
Figure 17.10 Neighbor solicitation (NS) and neighbor advertisement (NA)
Figure 17.11 Duplicate address detection (DAD)
Figure 17.12 IPv6 static and default routing
Figure 17.13 Our internetwork
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 Network Connections page
Figure 18.2 IPv4 Properties Page
Figure 18.3 Setting the IP and DNS addresses
Figure 18.4 Advanced tab
Figure 18.5 DNS tab
Figure 18.6 Verifying IP information
Figure 18.7 IPconfig
Figure 18.8 IPConfig /all
Figure 18.9 Powershell
Figure 18.10 MAC OS
Figure 18.11 MAC TCP/IP Screen
Figure 18.12 MAC DNS tab
Figure 18.13 MAC ifconfig
Figure 18.14 Ubuntu IP Settings
Figure 18.15 the Linux gear icon
Figure 18.16 Troubleshooting scenario
Figure 18.17 Using SPAN for troubleshooting
Figure 18.18 Extended ACLs
Figure 18.19 IPv6 troubleshooting scenario
Figure 18.20 Router solicitation (RS) and router advertisement (RA)
Figure 18.21 Neighbor solicitation (NS) and neighbor advertisement (NA)
Figure 18.22 VLAN connectivity
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1 Wireless LANs are an extension of our existing LANs
Figure 19.2 Today’s wireless networks
Figure 19.3 A wireless access point
Figure 19.4 Wireless NIC
Figure 19.5 A wireless network in ad hoc mode
Figure 19.6 Basic service set/basic service area
Figure 19.7 A network with MBSSIDs configured on an AP
Figure 19.8 Extended service set (ESS)
Figure 19.9 An AP repeater network
Figure 19.10 Typical bridge scenarios
Figure 19.11 A repeater AP bridge configured as a nonroot bridge
Figure 19.12 Typical large mesh outdoor environment
Figure 19.13 2.4GHz band 22MHz wide channels
Figure 19.14 5GHz band 20MHz wide channels
Figure 19.15 Channel overlap in the 2.4GHz range
Figure 19.16 Channel overlap in the 5GHz band
Figure 19.17 RF spectrum
Figure 19.18 Frequency
Figure 19.19 Amplitude
Figure 19.21 Absorption
Figure 19.22 Reflection
Figure 19.23 Multipath
Figure 19.24 Refraction
Figure 19.25 Diffraction
Figure 19.26 Scattering
Figure 19.27 Line of sight
Figure 19.28 Fresnel zone
Figure 19.29 SNR
Figure 19.30 Open access process
Figure 19.31 Open access process
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 Cisco stand-alone AP
Figure 20.2 Cisco Lightweight AP
Figure 20.3 The cloud model
Figure 20.4 Meraki Wireless
Figure 20.5 Example wireless network
Figure 20.6 Configure AP with DNS
Figure 20.7 Cisco WLC
Figure 20.8 Cisco WLC Serial Port Configuration
Figure 20.9 WLC Add Route
Figure 20.10 Distribution system port
Figure 20.11 WLC interfaces
Figure 20.12 WLC management interface
Figure 20.13 WLC service port interface
Figure 20.14 WLC redundancy management interface
Figure 20.15 WLC virtual interface
Figure 20.16 WLC dynamic interface
Figure 20.17 WLC dynamic interface configuration
Figure 20.18 WLC Interface Groups
Figure 20.19 WLC interface group configuration
Figure 20.20 WLC LAN Aggregation Group
Figure 20.21 WLC reboot
Figure 20.22 WLC AP configuration screen
Figure 20.23 WLC AP IP addressing
Figure 20.24 WLC AP DNS configuration
Figure 20.25 WLC high availability
Figure 20.26 WLC finished AP configuration
Figure 20.27 WLC radio sniffer
Figure 20.28 Cisco Spectrum Expert
Figure 20.29 Metageek’s Chanalyzer
Figure 20.30 Bridge mode
Figure 20.31 FlexConnect layout
Figure 20.32 WLC CDP configuration
Figure 20.33 WLC CDP verification
Figure 20.34 Show CDP neighbors
Figure 20.35 WLC telnet configuration
Figure 20.36 WLC SSH Configuration
Figure 20.37 WLC HTTP configuration
Figure 20.38 WLC HTTPS configuration
Figure 20.39 WLC Radius configuration
Figure 20.40 WLC second Radius configuration
Figure 20.41 Radius configuration summary
Figure 20.42 WLC Radius accounting configuration
Figure 20.43 WLC Radius accounting summary
Figure 20.44 WLC TACACS+ configuration
Figure 20.45 WLC TACACS+ summary
Figure 20.46 WLC TACACS+ accounting configuration
Figure 20.47 WLC TACACS+ accounting summary
Figure 20.48 WLC authentication order
Figure 20.49 WLC WLAN creation
Figure 20.50 WLC WLAN configuration
Figure 20.51 WLC WLAN General tab
Figure 20.52 WLC WLAN Security tab
Figure 20.53 WLC WLAN PSK configuration
Figure 20.54 WLC WLAN AAA Servers tab
Figure 20.55 WLC WLAN QoS tab
Figure 20.56 WLC WLAN Advanced tab
Figure 20.57 Connect a client to the WLAN
Figure 20.58 WLAN client configuration
Figure 20.59 WLAN client verification
Chapter 21
Figure 21.1 Five servers and counting
Figure 21.2 Streamlined Servers
Figure 21.3 How a REST API is put together
Figure 21.4 Token Body Window
Figure 21.5 Device Inventory
Chapter 22
Figure 22.1 NMS network overview
Figure 22.2 NMS alert configuration
Figure 22.3 NMS alert configuration
Figure 22.4 NMS central syslog
Figure 22.5 NMS central SNMP trap
Figure 22.6 NMS interface utilization
Figure 22.7 NMS hardware health
Figure 22.8 NMS network graphs
Figure 22.9 NMS network topology
Figure 22.10 NCM config overview
Figure 22.11 NCM compare config
Figure 22.12 NCM push config
Figure 22.13 IOS-XE web interface
Figure 22.14 Fowarding traffic flow
Figure 22.15 Forwarding table
Figure 22.16 Full topology
Figure 22.17 SDN architecture
Figure 22.18 OpenDaylight topology
Figure 22.19 SDN control plane
Figure 22.20 SDN Controller
Figure 22.21 Campus fabric
Figure 22.22 CLOS topology
Figure 22.23 Underlay topology
Figure 22.24 DMVPN topology
Figure 22.25 DNA Overview
Figure 22.26 DNA discovery
Figure 22.27 DNA Network Hierarchy
Figure 22.28 DNA Network Settings
Figure 22.29 DNA Wireless Settings
Figure 22.30 DNA Switch Template
Figure 22.31 DNA topology
Figure 22.32 DNA upgrade repository
Figure 22.33 DNA upgrading devices
Figure 22.34 DNA Command Runner
Figure 22.35 DNA Network Health
Figure 22.36 DNA wireless clients
Figure 22.37 DNA Path Trace
Figure 22.38 DNA QoS Policy
Figure 22.39 DNA Service Provider Profiles
Figure 22.40 DNA LAN automation
Figure 22.41 DNA Restful API
Chapter 23
Figure 23.1 IT generalist
Figure 23.2 Silo network team
Figure 23.3 Silo systems team
Figure 23.4 Silo security team
Figure 23.5 Network services
Figure 23.6 Silo development team
Figure 23.7 DevOps team
Figure 23.8 Ansible components
Figure 23.9 Ansible topology
Figure 23.10 Puppet lab
Figure 23.11 Chef architecture
Figure 23.12 Chef lab
Figure 23.13 Chef verification
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Introduction
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Introduction
Welcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! If you’ve picked up this book because you want to improve yourself and your life with a better, more satisfying and secure job, you’ve done the right thing. Whether your plan is to enter the thriving, dynamic IT sector or to enhance your skill set and advance your position within it, being Cisco certified can seriously stack the odds in your favor to help you attain your goals.
Cisco certifications are powerful instruments of success that also just happen to improve your grasp of all things internetworking. As you progress through this book, you’ll gain a complete understanding of networking that reaches far beyond Cisco devices. By the end of this book, you’ll comprehensively know how disparate network topologies and technologies work together to form the fully operational networks that are vital to today’s very way of life in the developed world. The knowledge and expertise you’ll gain here are essential for and relevant to every networking job. It’s why Cisco certifications are in such high demand—even at companies with few Cisco devices!
For up-to-the-minute updates covering additions or modifications to the Cisco certification exams, as well as additional study tools, review questions, videos, and bonus materials, be sure to visit the Todd Lammle websites and forum at www.lammle.com/ccna
Cisco’s Network Certifications
Way back in 1998, obtaining the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification was the first pitch in the Cisco certification climb. It was also the official prerequisite to each of the more advanced levels. But that changed in 2007, when Cisco announced the Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) certification. Then again, in May 2016, Cisco announced new updates to the CCENT and CCNA Routing and Switching (R/S) tests. Today, things have changed dramatically again.
In July of 2019, Cisco switched up the certification process more than they have in the last 20 years! They announced all new certifications that have started in February 2020, which is probably why you’re reading this book!
So what’s changed? For starters, the CCENT course and exam (ICND1 and ICND2), no longer exist, nor even the terms Routing & Switching (rebranded to Enterprise). On top of that, the CCNA is no longer a prerequisite for any of the higher certifications at all, meaning that you’ll be able to jump straight to CCNP without having to take the new CCNA exam.
The new Cisco certification process will look like Figure I.1.
Figure I.1: The Cisco certification path
First, the CCT, entry-level certification just isn’t worth your time. Instead, you’ll want to head directly to CCNA, using this book and the abundant resources on www.lammle.com/ccna of course!
The Todd Lammle CCNA program, starting with this book, is a powerful tool to get you started in your CCNA studies, and it’s vital to understand that material found in this book and at www.lammle.com/ccna before you go on to conquer any other certifications!
What Does This Book Cover?
This book covers everything you need to know to pass the new CCNA exam. But regardless of which path you choose, as I’ve said, taking plenty of time to study and practice with routers or a router simulator is the real key to success.
You will learn the following information in this book:
Chapter 1: Network Fundamentals In Chapter 1, network fundamentals, the Cisco three-layer model, and wide area network are reviewed. Ethernet cabling including fiber optic is discussed. The chapter ends with an overview of PoE. Review questions await you at the end to test your understanding of the material.
Chapter 2: TCP/IP In this chapter, I’ll cover the protocols of TCP/IP. I’ll begin by exploring the DoD’s version of TCP/IP, then compare that version and its protocols with the OSI reference model that we discussed earlier. Lastly, I dive into the world of IP addressing and the different classes of IP addresses used in networks today. Review questions are at the end of the chapter to test your understanding of the material.
Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP This chapter will pick up right where we left off in the last chapter and continue to explore the world of IP addressing. I’ll open this chapter by showing you how to subnet an IP network. Prepare yourself because being able to subnet quickly and accurately is pretty challenging. Use the review questions to test your ability to understand subnetting; also, use the bonus tools found at www.lammle.com/ccna
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting IP Addressing In this chapter, we’ll cover IP address troubleshooting, while focusing on the steps Cisco recommends following when troubleshooting an IP network. Working through this chapter will hone your knowledge of IP addressing and networking, while refining the essential skills you’ve attained so far.
Chapter 5: IP Routing This chapter’s focus is on the core topic of the ubiquitous IP routing process. It’s integral to networking because it pertains to all routers and configurations that use it—easily the lion’s share. IP routing is basically the process of moving packets from one network to another network using routers, and this chapter will cover IP routing in depth.
Chapter 6: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is by far the most popular and important routing protocol in use today—so important, I’m devoting an entire chapter to it! Sticking with the same approach we’ve taken throughout this book, we’ll begin with the basics by completely familiarizing you with key OSPF terminology.
Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork In this chapter, I’m going to cover the finer points of layer 2 switching to make sure you know exactly how it works. You should already know that we rely on switching to break up large collision domains into smaller ones and that a collision domain is a network segment with two or more devices sharing the same bandwidth. Switches have changed the way networks are designed and implemented. If a pure switched design is implemented well, the result will be a clean, cost- effective, and resilient internetwork.
Chapter 8: Virtual LANs and Inter-VLAN Routing (IVR) This chapter discussed how we break up broadcast domains in a pure switched internetwork. We do this by creating virtual local area networks (VLANs). A VLAN is a logical grouping of network users and resources connected to administratively defined ports on a switch, and I’ll show you how to really understand the foundation and the configuration of VLANs and IVR.
Chapter 9: Enhanced Switched Technologies This chapter will start off with STP protocols and dive into the fundamentals, covering the modes, as well as the various flavors of STP. VLANs, trunks, and troubleshooting. Lastly, PortFast will also be discussed.
Chapter 10: Access List This chapter covers security and access lists, which are created on routers to filter the network. IP standard, extended, and named access lists are covered in detail. Written and hands-on labs, along with review questions, will help you study for the security and access-list portion of the Cisco exams.
Chapter 11: Network Address Translation (NAT) In this chapter, we’re going to dig into Network Address Translation (NAT), Dynamic NAT, and Port Address Translation (PAT), also known as NAT Overload. Of course, I’ll demonstrate all the NAT commands.
Chapter 12: IP Services This chapter covers how to find neighbor device information using the proprietary Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and the industry-standard Link Layer Discovery protocol (LLDP). I’ll also discuss how to make sure our times are synchronized with our devices using Network Time Protocol (NTP). After that, I’ll show you the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and the type of alerts sent to the network management station (NMS). You’ll learn about the all-so-important Syslog logging and configuration, and then finally, I’ll cover how to configure Secure Shell (SSH).
Chapter 13: Security New information, commands, troubleshooting, and detailed hands-on labs will help you nail the NAT CCENT objectives.
Chapter 14: First Hop Redundancy Protocol (HSRP) This chapter will start off by telling you the reasons why we need a layer 3 redundancy protocol, and then move into how to build redundancy and load-balancing features into your network elegantly with routers that you might even have already. You really don’t need to buy some overpriced load-balancing device when you know how to configure and use Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP).
Chapter 15: Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) We’re going to cover VPNs in depth in this chapter. You’ll learn some smart solutions that will help you meet your company’s off-site network access needs, and dive deep into how these networks utilize IP security to provide secure communications over a public network via the Internet using VPNs with IPSec. This chapter wraps up by demonstrating how to create a tunnel using GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation).
Chapter 16: Quality of Service (QoS) Quality of service (QoS) refers to the way resources are controlled so that the quality of services is maintained. In this chapter I’m going to cover how QoS solves problems by using classification and marking tools, policing, shaping and re-marking, providing congestion management and scheduling tools, and finally, link-specific tools.
Chapter 17: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) This is a fun chapter chock-full of some great information. IPv6 is not the big, bad scary creature that most people think it is, and it’s a really important objective on the latest exam, so study this chapter carefully—don’t just skim it.
Chapter 18: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs This chapter will covered detailed troubleshooting, and since this is such a major focus of the Cisco CCNA objectives, I’d be letting you down if I didn’t make sure you’ve got this important topic down. So to ensure your skills are solid, we’re going to begin by diving deep into troubleshooting with IP, IPv6, and virtual LANs (VLANs) now. You absolutely must also have the fundamentals of IP and IPv6 routing and knowledge of VLANs and trunking nailed down tight if you’re going to win at this.
Chapter 19: Wireless Technologies Since I know you’ve crushed all of the previous chapters, you’re ready to dive into this one! If that’s not exactly you, just know that the two chapters on switching provide a really nice review on switching and VLANs. So, let’s start this chapter by defining a basic wireless network as well as basic wireless principles. We’ll talk about different types of wireless networks, discuss the minimum devices required to create a simple wireless network, and look at some basic wireless topologies as well. After that, I’ll get into basic security by covering WPA, WPA2, and WPA3.
Chapter 20: Configuring Wireless Technologies After Chapter 21 you now know how wireless works, so now we’re going to guide through configuring a wireless network from beginning to end. We’ll start by telling you all about how to get a Cisco Wireless LAN controller up and running before showing you how to join access-points to our new WLC. We’ll aslo dig deep into how to configure the WLC to support wireless networks. By the end of this chapter, you’ll triumph by having an actual endpoint join your wireless LAN!
Chapter 21: Virtualization, Automation, and Programmability In this chapter we’ll begin to address modern challenges by introducing you to virtualization basics. We’ll then walk you through its common components and features to closing the topic by comparing some of the virtualization products on the market as of this writing. After that, we’ll explore important automation concepts and components to provide you with sure footing to jump into the SDN and configuration management chapters following this one.
Chapter 22: Software Defined Networks (SDN) Controllers Automation has gotten popular enough to be included on the CCNA exam—it even has its own Devnet certification track! Even so, most companies still aren’t keen on fully managing their network with a bunch of Python scripts on a shared drive. So a better solution is to go with something called a Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller to centrally manage and monitor the network instead of doing everything manually, and that is what this chapter is all about!
Chapter 23: DNA Center Configuration Management In this chapter we’re going to take things to a whole new DNA Center level now, diving deeper into Configuration Management tools like Ansible, Puppet, and Chef. These great features that make it possible to automate almost everything in your infrastructure! We’ll explore Ansible, Puppet, and Chef.
Appendix: Answers to Review Questions This appendix provides the answers to the end-of-chapter review questions.
Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank
The interactive online learning environment that accompanies the CCNA Certification Study Guide provides a test bank with study tools to help you prepare for the certification exams and increase your chances of passing them the first time! The test bank includes the following elements:
Sample Tests All of the questions in this book are provided, including the assessment test, which you’ll find at the end of this introduction, and the chapter tests that include the review questions at the end of each chapter. In addition, there are two practice exams. Use these questions to test your knowledge of the study guide material. The online test bank runs on multiple devices.
Electronic Flashcards The flashcards are included for quick reference and are great tools for learning quick facts. You can even consider these as additional simple practice questions, which is essentially what they are.
Glossary There is a PDF of a glossary included, which covers the terms used in this book.
The Sybex Interactive Online Test Bank, flashcards, and glossary can be accessed at http://www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep.
In addition to the materials we provide online as part of the test bank, you can also visit Todd Lammle’s website to access other valuable resources.
Todd Lammle Bonus Material and Labs Be sure to check www.lammle.com/ccna for directions on how to download all the latest bonus material created specifically to help you study for your CCNA exam.
Todd Lammle Videos I have created a full CCNA series of videos that can be purchased at www.lammle.com/ccna
CCNA Exam Overview
Cisco has designed the new CCNA program to prepare you for today’s associate-level job roles in IT technologies. The CCNA now includes security and automation and programmability, and there is even a new CCNA DevNet certification. The new CCNA program has one certification that covers a broad range of fundamentals for IT careers.
The new CCNA certification covers a huge amount of topics, including:
Network fundamentals
Network access
IP connectivity
IP services
Security fundamentals
Wireless
Automation and programmability
Are there any prerequisites to take before the CCNA exam can be taken?
Not really, but having experience is really helpful. Cisco has no formal prerequisites for CCNA certification, but you should have an understanding of the exam topics before taking the exam.
CCNA candidates often also have:
One or more years of experience implementing and administering Cisco solutions
Knowledge of basic IP addressing
A good understanding of network fundamentals
How to Use This Book
If you want a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the new CCNA exam, then look no further. I’ve spent hundreds of hours putting together this book with the sole intention of helping you to pass the Cisco exams, as well as really learn how to correctly configure Cisco routers and switches!
This book is loaded with valuable information, and you will get the most out of your study time if you understand why the book is organized the way it is.
So to maximize your benefit from this book, I recommend the following study method:
Take the assessment test that’s provided at the end of this introduction. (The answers are at the end of the test.) It’s okay if you don’t know any of the answers; that’s why you bought this book! Carefully read over the explanations for any questions you get wrong and note the chapters in which the material relevant to them is covered. This information should help you plan your study strategy.
Study each chapter carefully, making sure you fully understand the information and the test objectives listed at the beginning of each one. Pay extra-close attention to any chapter that includes material covered in questions you missed.
Answer all of the review questions related to each chapter. (The answers appear in
Appendix A
.) Note the questions that confuse you and study the topics they cover again until the concepts are crystal clear. And again—do not just skim these questions! Make sure you fully comprehend the reason for each correct answer. Remember that these will not be the exact questions you will find on the exam, but they’re written to help you understand the chapter material and ultimately pass the exam!
Try your hand at the practice questions that are exclusive to this book. The questions can be found only at
http://www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep
. Don’t forget to check out
www.lammle.com/ccna
for the most up-to-date Cisco exam prep questions, videos, hands-on labs, and Todd Lammle boot camps.
Test yourself using all the flashcards, which are also found on the download link listed in #4. These are brand-new and updated flashcards to help you prepare for the CCNA exam and a wonderful study tool!
To learn every bit of the material covered in this book, you’ll have to apply yourself regularly, and with discipline. Try to set aside the same time period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so. I’m confident that if you work hard, you’ll be surprised at how quickly you learn this material!
If you follow these steps and really study—doing hands-on labs every single day in addition to using the review questions, the practice exams, the Todd Lammle video sections, and the electronic flashcards, as well as all the written labs—it would actually be hard to fail the Cisco exams. But understand that studying for the Cisco exams is a lot like getting in shape—if you do not go to the gym every day, it’s not going to happen!
Where Do You Take the Exam?
You may take the CCNA Composite or any Cisco exam at any of the Pearson VUE authorized testing centers. For information, check www.vue.com or call 877-404-EXAM (3926).
To register for a Cisco exam, follow these steps:
Determine the number of the exam you want to take. (The CCNA exam number is 200-301.)
Register with the nearest Pearson VUE testing center. At this point, you will be asked to pay in advance for the exam. You can schedule exams up to six weeks in advance or as late as the day you want to take it—but if you fail a Cisco exam, you must wait five days before you will be allowed to retake it. If something comes up and you need to cancel or reschedule your exam appointment, contact Pearson VUE at least 24 hours in advance.
When you schedule the exam, you’ll get instructions regarding all appointment and cancellation procedures, the ID requirements, and information about the testing-center location.
Tips for Taking Your Cisco Exams
The Cisco exams contain about 50 or more questions and must be completed in about 90 minutes or so. It’s hard to write this information down today because it changes so often. You must get a score of about 85 percent to pass this exam, but again, each exam can be different.
Many questions on the exam have answer choices that at first glance look identical—especially the syntax questions! So remember to read through the choices carefully because close just doesn’t cut it. If you get commands in the wrong order or forget one measly character, you’ll get the question wrong. So, to practice, do the hands-on exercises at the end of this book’s chapters over and over again until they feel natural to you.
Also, never forget that the right answer is the Cisco answer. In many cases, more than one appropriate answer is presented, but the correct answer is the one that Cisco recommends. On the exam, you will always be told to pick one, two, or three options, never “choose all that apply.” The Cisco exam may include the following test formats:
Multiple-choice single answer
Multiple-choice multiple answer
Drag-and-drop
Router simulations
Cisco proctored exams will not show the steps to follow in completing a router interface configuration, but they do allow partial command responses. For example, show run, sho running, or sh running-config would be acceptable.
Here are some general tips for exam success:
Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials.
Read the questions
carefully
. Don’t jump to conclusions. Make sure you’re clear about
exactly
what each question asks. “Read twice, answer once,” is what I always tell my students.
When answering multiple-choice questions that you’re not sure about, use the process of elimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing this greatly improves your odds if you need to make an educated guess.
You can no longer move forward and backward through the Cisco exams, so double-check your answer before clicking Next since you can’t change your mind.
After you complete an exam, you’ll get immediate, online notification of your pass or fail status, a printed examination score report that indicates your pass or fail status, and your exam results by section. (The test administrator will give you the printed score report.)
Test scores are automatically forwarded to Cisco within five working days after you take the test, so you don’t need to send your score to them. If you pass the exam, you’ll receive confirmation from Cisco, typically within two to four weeks, sometimes a bit longer.
CCNA Certification Exam 200-301 Objectives
1.0 Network Fundamentals
1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 18
1.1 Explain the role and function of network components
1
1.1.a Routers
1
1.1.b L2 and L3 switches
1
1.1.c Next-generation firewalls and IPS
1
1.1.d Access points
1.1.e Controllers (Cisco DNA Center and WLC)
20, 22
1.1.f Endpoints
1.1.g Servers
1.2 Describe characteristics of network topology architectures
1
1.2.a 2 tier
1
1.2.b 3 tier
1
1.2.c Spine-leaf
1
1.2.d WAN
1.2.e Small office/home office (SOHO)
1
1.2.f On-premises and cloud
1.3 Compare physical interface and cabling types
1
1.3.a Single-mode fiber, multimode fiber, copper
1
1.3.b Connections (Ethernet shared media and point-to-point)
1
1.3.c Concepts of PoE
1
1.4 Identify interface and cable issues (collisions, errors, mismatch duplex, and/or speed)
18
1.5 Compare TCP to UDP
2
1.6 Configure and verify IPv4 addressing and subnetting
2, 3, 4, 18
1.7 Describe the need for private IPv4 addressing
2
1.8 Configure and verify IPv6 addressing and prefix
17, 18
1.9 Compare IPv6 address types
17
1.9.a Global unicast
17
1.9.b Unique local
17
1.9.c Link local
17
1.9.d Anycast
17
1.9.e Multicast
17
1.9.f Modified EUI 64
17
1.10 Verify IP parameters for Client OS (Windows, Mac OS, Linux)
4, 18
1.11 Describe wireless principles
19
1.11.a Nonoverlapping Wi-Fi channels
19
1.11.b SSID
