Computer, Network, Software, and Hardware Engineering with Applications E-Book

Norman F. Schneidewind

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 730

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

There are many books on computers, networks, and software engineering but none that integrate the three with applications. Integration is important because, increasingly, software dominates the performance, reliability, maintainability, and availability of complex computer and systems. Books on software engineering typically portray software as if it exists in a vacuum with no relationship to the wider system. This is wrong because a system is more than software. It is comprised of people, organizations, processes, hardware, and software. All of these components must be considered in an integrative fashion when designing systems. On the other hand, books on computers and networks do not demonstrate a deep understanding of the intricacies of developing software. In this book you will learn, for example, how to quantitatively analyze the performance, reliability, maintainability, and availability of computers, networks, and software in relation to the total system. Furthermore, you will learn how to evaluate and mitigate the risk of deploying integrated systems. You will learn how to apply many models dealing with the optimization of systems. Numerous quantitative examples are provided to help you understand and interpret model results. This book can be used as a first year graduate course in computer, network, and software engineering; as an on-the-job reference for computer, network, and software engineers; and as a reference for these disciplines.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Series page

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

About the Author

Part One: Computer Engineering

Chapter 1 Digital Logic and Microprocessor Design

MICROPROCESSOR DESIGN

DIGITAL LOGIC

K-MAPS

COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

MULTIPLE OUTPUT COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

TYPES OF SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

RAM DESIGN

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE (HDL)

SUMMARY

Chapter 2 Case Study in Computer Design

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

DESIGN DECISIONS

IDENTIFICATION OF SYSTEM ELEMENTS

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

TEST STRATEGIES

FAULT DETECTION AND CORRECTION

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE PROBABILITY AND SEQUENCE RESPONSE TIME PREDICTIONS AND ANALYSIS

SEQUENCE FAILURE RATE

RELIABILITY

DETAILED DESIGN

SUMMARY

Chapter 3 Analog and Digital Computer Interactions

INTRODUCTION

D/A CONVERSION

CONVERSION SYSTEM ERRORS

CHAPTER SUMMARY

Part Two: Network Engineering

Chapter 4 Integrated Software and Real-Time System Design with Applications

INTRODUCTION

REAL-TIME SYSTEM PROPERTIES

DESIGN PROCESS ELEMENTS

INTEGRATED SOFTWARE–HARDWARE DESIGN

SOFTWARE FUNCTIONS

HARDWARE FUNCTIONS

ELEVATOR SOFTWARE DESIGN

PERFORMANCE EQUATIONS DEVELOPMENT

REAL-TIME SYSTEM SIMULATED TESTING

ELEVATOR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE RESULTS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Chapter 5 Network Systems

OVERVIEW

NETWORK APPLICATION

NETWORK PROTOCOLS

NETWORK SERVICES

NETWORK PERFORMANCE

NETWORK RELIABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY, AND AVAILABILITY PREDICTION

SUMMARY

Chapter 6 Future Internet Performance Models

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

PROPERTIES OF THE PROPOSED FUTURE INTERNET

NETWORK USAGE DATA

QUEUING MODEL (PRESENT INTERNET SYSTEM)

SUMMARY OF QUEUING MODEL COMPUTATIONS FOR PRESENT AND PROPOSED INTERNETS

SIMULATION QUEUING MODELS

INTERNET RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED FUTURE WIRED INTERNET

COMPARISON OF PRESENT AND FUTURE WIRED INTERNET PERFORMANCE

COMPARISON OF PRESENT AND FUTURE WIRELESS INTERNET PERFORMANCE

SUMMARY

Chapter 7 Network Standards

DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF NETWORK STANDARDS

RELIABILITY PREDICTION PROCESS

EXISTING STANDARDS

WIRELESS STANDARDS

IEEE802 WIRELESS NETWORKS

TEST BED FOR TESTING NETWORKS

SUMMARY

Chapter 8 Network Reliability and Availability Metrics

INTRODUCTION

MODEL DEVELOPMENT

PROBABILITY OF FAILURE ANALYSIS RESULTS

FAULT AND FAILURE CORRECTION ANALYSIS RESULTS

REMAINING FAILURES ANALYSIS RESULTS

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS RESULTS

AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS RESULTS

ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE ON PROBABILITY OF FAILURE

MEASURING PREDICTION ACCURACY

METHODS FOR IMPROVING RELIABILITY

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

SUMMARY

Part Three: Software Engineering

Chapter 9 Programming Languages

INTRODUCTION

DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

A METHOD FOR ANALYZING COMPUTER PROGRAM RELIABILITY

MODELING PATH MAINTAINABILITY AND AVAILABILITY

EXECUTING TEST SCENARIOS

IMPLEMENTING COHESION AND COUPLING

DETAILED ANALYSIS OF A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

PROGRAM LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS

EVALUATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

SUMMARY

Chapter 10 Operating Systems

OPERATING SYSTEM ISSUES

OS ARCHITECTURE

OS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

OS RELIABILITY EVALUATION

OS CHARACTERISTICS

SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS

MEMORY MANAGEMENT

DEADLOCK ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION

DISTRIBUTED OSS

VIRTUAL OSS

SUMMARY

Chapter 11 Software Reliability and Safety

RISK EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE

SOFTWARE RELIABILITY PROFILE IMPLEMENTATION

CONCLUSIONS

Part Four: Integration of Disciplines

Chapter 12 Integration of Hardware and Software Reliability

INTRODUCTION

RELIABILITY LOGIC

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS RESULTS

COMBINED HARDWARE–SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Part Five: Applications

Chapter 13 Applying Neural Networks to Software Reliability Assessment

INTRODUCTION

NEURAL NETWORKS APPLIED TO FAULT LOCALIZATION

NEURAL NETWORKS APPLIED TO SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT

SUMMARY

Chapter 14 Web Site Design

INTRODUCTION

WEB SERVER RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

WEB CLIENT RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

COMMUNICATION RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

TOTAL SYSTEM RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 15 Mobile Device Engineering

INTRODUCTION

MOBILE DEVICE RELIABILITY

RELIABILITY CALCULATIONS

MOBILE DEVICE CONTEXT AWARENESS

NETWORK-AWARE APPLICATIONS

MOBILE DEVICE PERFORMANCE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 16 Signal-Driven Software Model for Mobile Devices

INTRODUCTION

MOBILE DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS

MOBILE DEVICE RELIABILITY MODEL

EXPECTED NUMBER OF FAILURES AND FAILURE RATE ANALYSIS

MOBILE DEVICE TESTING EFFECTIVENESS

FAILURE TYPE AND RECOVERY ACTION TYPE RESULTS

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

FUTURE MOBILE DEVICE DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH

Chapter 17 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Applied to Mathematical Software

INTRODUCTION

CAN O-O METHODS BE APPLIED TO MATHEMATICS?

ELEMENTS OF A REQUIREMENT

EXAMPLE OF COMPARING O-O WITH MATHEMATICAL APPROACHES

O-O CONCEPTS APPLIED TO POISSON FAILURE MODEL

APPLYING MATHEMATICAL MODELING TO THE POISSON FAILURE MODEL

MATHEMATICAL MODELING DESIGN APPROACH EXAMPLE

APPLYING O-O METHODS TO MATHEMATICAL MODEL

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX

Chapter 18 Tutorial on Hardware and Software Reliability, Maintainability, and Availability

RELIABILITY BASICS

HARDWARE RELIABILITY

MULTIPLE COMPONENT RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

COMPUTER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE AND AVAILABILITY

COMPONENT AVAILABILITY

SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ENGINEERING RISK ANALYSIS

PARAMETER ANALYSIS

OVERVIEW OF RECOMMENDED SOFTWARE RELIABILITY MODELS

MUSA–OKUMOTO LOGARITHMIC POISSON EXECUTION TIME MODEL

SCHNEIDEWIND MODEL

SUMMARY

Practice Problems with Solutions 1

CHAPTER 1 (DIGITAL LOGIC AND MICROPROCESSOR DESIGN) AND CHAPTER 2 (CASE STUDY IN COMPUTER DESIGN)

CHAPTER 9 (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES) AND CHAPTER 10 (OPERATING SYSTEMS)

CHAPTER 11: SOFTWARE RELIABILITY AND SAFETY

CHAPTER 6: NETWORK SYSTEMS

Practice Problems with Solutions 2

CHAPTER 1 (DIGITAL LOGIC AND MICROPROCESSOR DESIGN) AND CHAPTER 2 (CASE STUDY IN COMPUTER DESIGN)

CHAPTER 9 (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES) AND CHAPTER 10 (OPERATING SYSTEMS)

CHAPTER 4: ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMPUTER INTERACTIONS

Index

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IEEE Press Editorial Board

Lajos Hanzo, Editor in Chief

R. AbhariM. El-HawaryO. P. MalikJ. AndersonB-M. HaemmerliS. NahavandiG. W. ArnoldM. LanzerottiT. SamadF. CanaveroD. JacobsonG. Zobrist

Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

Technical Reviewers

Michael R. Lyu

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Daniel Zulaica

Naval Postgraduate School

Copyright © 2012 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved.

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Schneidewind, Norman.

 Computer, network, software, and hardware engineering with applications /

Norman Schneidewind.

p. cm.

 Includes index.

 ISBN 978-1-118-03745-4 (cloth)

ISBN 978-1-118-18125-6 (epdf)

ISBN 978-1-118-18127-0 (epub)

ISBN 978-1-118-18126-3 (mobi)

 1. Computer engineering. 2. Computer networks. 3. Software engineering.

I. Title.

 TK7885.S2564 2012

 005.1–dc23

2011033591

Preface

There are many books on computers, networks, and software engineering but none that integrate the three with applications. Integration is important because, increasingly, software dominates the performance, reliability, maintainability, and availability of complex computer and systems. Books on software engineering typically portray software as if it exists in a vacuum with no relationship to the wider system. This is wrong because a system is more than software. It is comprised of people, organizations, processes, hardware, and software. All of these components must be considered in an integrative fashion when designing systems. On the other hand, books on computers and networks do not demonstrate a deep understanding of the intricacies of developing software. In this book you will learn, for example, how to quantitatively analyze the performance, reliability, maintainability, and availability of computers, networks, and software in relation to the total system. Furthermore, you will learn how to evaluate and mitigate the risk of deploying integrated systems. You will learn how to apply many models dealing with the optimization of systems. Numerous quantitative examples are provided to help you understand and interpret model results.

The following topics are covered:

application of quantitative models to solving computer, network, and software engineering problemsmathematical and statistical models of reliability, maintainability, and availabilitystatistical process and product controlfault tree analysisrisk managementsoftware metricsresource allocation and assignmentsoftware reliability models and toolscomputer securityoptimal network routing

Solutions to problems that consider only a single facet of a problem are doomed to be suboptimal. Because of its breadth, this book provides a new perspective for computer, network, and software engineers to consider the big picture in order to develop optimal solutions.

This book can be used as a text, handbook, and reference by advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students in academia as well as by computer, network, and software engineer practitioners in the worldwide industry.

NORMAN F. SCHNEIDEWIND

Professor Emeritus of Information Sciences

Department of Information Sciences and the Software Engineering Group

Naval Postgraduate School

About the Author

Dr. Norman F. Schneidewind is Professor Emeritus of Information Sciences in the Department of Information Sciences and the Software Engineering Group at the Naval Postgraduate School. He is now doing research and publishing articles and books in software reliability engineering with his consulting company Computer Research. Dr. Schneidewind is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), elected in 1992 for “contributions to software measurement models in reliability and metrics, and for leadership in advancing the field of software maintenance.” In 2001, he received the IEEE “Reliability Engineer of the Year” award from the IEEE Reliability Society. In 2011, he received the “Outstanding Engineer” award from the IEEE Santa Clara Valley Section. In 1993 and 1999, he received awards for Outstanding Research Achievement by the Naval Postgraduate School. Dr. Schneidewind was selected for an IEEE-USA Congressional Fellowship in 2005 and worked with the Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, United States Senate, focusing on homeland security and cyber security (see photo below).

In July 2011, Dr. Schneidewind was named the Outstanding Engineer of Santa Clara Valley by the IEEE Chapter of Santa Clara Valley. In addition, he has been named Outstanding Engineer of the San Francisco Bay Area. Furthermore, he has been named Outstanding Engineer of Region 6 of the IEEE.

IEEE-USA’s four Government Fellows began their Fellowships in January 2005: Randall Brouwer (with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher); Gordon Day (with Sen. Jay Rockefeller); Norman Schneidewind (on the Senate Homeland Security Committee); and Nick Zayed (with the State Department Office of Science and Technology Cooperation).

Shown at the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C., are, from left to right, IEEE-USA Government Fellows Norman Schneidewind, Nick Zayed, Randall Brouwer, and Gordon Day.

In March 2006, he received the IEEE Computer Society Outstanding Contribution Award “for outstanding technical and leadership contributions as the Chair of the Working Group revising IEEE Standard 982.1,” signed by Debra Cooper, President of the IEEE.

He is the developer of the Schneidewind software reliability model that is used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to assist in the prediction of software reliability of the Space Shuttle by the Naval Surface Warfare Center for Tomahawk cruise missile launch and Trident software reliability prediction, and by the Marine Corps Tactical Systems Support Activity for distributed system software reliability assessment and prediction. This model is one of the models recommended by the IEEE/AIAA Recommended Practice for Software Reliability. In addition, the model is implemented in the Statistical Modeling and Estimation of Reliability Functions for Software (SMERFS) software reliability modeling tool.

Dr. Schneidewind has been interviewed by several organizations regarding his work in software reliability, including the following: a New York Times article, which was published on February 7, 2003, about the Space Shuttle software development process in conjunction with the Columbia tragedy and by the Associated Press about the same subject; National Public Radio, Montgomery, Alabama on April 1, 2002; and by The Bent, Tau Beta Pi’s (all engineering society) magazine, about his professional accomplishments on November 4. 2002. This article was part of a series about prominent Tau Beta Pi members.

He is a member of the IEEE-USA Committee on Communications and Information Technology Policy (CCIP). The objective of the CCIP is to influence the communication and information technology policies of the executive and legislative branches of federal and state governments. His primary contribution is developing policies and models to defeat cyber security attacks. He has also contributed to IEEE-USA Committee on Communications Policy in the area of personal identification privacy and security.