Dielectrophoresis E-Book

Ronald R. Pethig

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1594

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

Comprehensive coverage of the  basic theoretical concepts and applications of dielectrophoresis from a world-renowned expert.

• Features hot application topics including: Diagnostics, Cell-based Drug Discovery, Sensors for Biomedical Applications, Characterisation and Sorting of Stem Cells, Separation of Cancer Cells from Blood and Environmental Monitoring
• Focuses on those aspects of the theory and practice of dielectrophoresis concerned with characterizing and manipulating cells and other bioparticles such as bacteria, viruses, proteins and nucleic acids.
• Features the relevant chemical and biological concepts for those working in physics and engineering

Leseprobe

Dielectrophoresis

Theory, Methodology and Biological Applications

First Edition

Ronald Pethig

Emeritus, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

This edition first published 2017 © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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The right of Ronald Pethig to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Pethig, Ronald. Title: Dielectrophoresis : theory, methodology, and biological applications / Ronald Pethig. Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016043341 | ISBN 9781118671450 (cloth) | ISBN 9781118671412 (epub) |    ISBN 9781118671436) (epdf) Subjects: LCSH: Dielectrophoresis. | Electrophoresis. | Electrophysiology. | Cells--Electric properties. |    Diagnostic imaging. Classification: LCC QC585.7.D5 P48 2017 | DDC 534/.4--dc23 LC record available at    https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043341

Cover Images: Background image: Photo ephemera/Gettyimages; Inset images: Courtesy of the author Cover Design: Wiley

To my family Angela, Richard & Jane, Helen & Jez, Nell, Max, Florence and William, for their enthusiastic and constant loving support.

CONTENTS

Index of Worked Examples

Preface

Nomenclature

1 Placing Dielectrophoresis into Context as a Particle Manipulator

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Characteristics of Micro-Scale Physics

1.3 Microfluidic Manipulation and Separation of Particles

1.4 Candidate Forces for Microfluidic Applications

1.5 Combining Dielectrophoresis with other Forces

1.6 Summary

1.7 References

2 How does Dielectrophoresis Differ from Electrophoresis?

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Electric Field

2.3 Electrophoresis

2.4 Induced Surface Charge and Dipole Moment

2.5 Dielectrophoresis

2.6 Summary

2.7 References

3 Electric Charges, Fields, Fluxes and Induced Polarization

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Charges and Fields

3.3 Gauss's Law

3.4 Induced Dielectric Polarization

3.5 Capacitance

3.6 Divergence Theorem and Charge Density Relaxation Time

3.7 Summary

3.8 References

4 Electrical Potential Energy and Electric Potential

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Electrical Potential Energy

4.3 Electrical Potential

4.4 Electrostatic Field Energy

4.5 Summary

4.6 References

5 Potential Gradient, Field and Field Gradient; Image Charges and Boundaries

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Potential Gradient and Electrical Field

5.3 Applying Laplace's Equation

5.4 Method of Image Charges

5.5 Electric Field Gradient

5.6 Electrical Conditions at Dielectric Boundaries

5.7 Summary

5.8 References

6 The Clausius–Mossotti Factor

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Development of the Clausius–Mossotti–Lorentz Relation

6.3 Refinements of the Clausius–Mossotti–Lorentz Relation

6.4 The Complex Clausius–Mossotti Factor

6.5 Summary

6.6 References

7 Dielectric Polarization

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Electrical Polarization at the Atomic and Molecular Levels

7.3 Dipole Relaxation and Energy Loss

7.4 Interfacial Polarization

7.5 Summary

7.6 References

8 Dielectric Properties of Water, Electrolytes, Sugars, Amino Acids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Water

8.3 Electrolyte Solutions

8.4 Amino Acids and Proteins in Solution

8.5 Nucleic Acids

8.6 Summary

8.7 References

9 Dielectric Properties of Cells

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Cells: A Basic Description

9.3 Electrical Properties of Cells

9.4 Modelling the Dielectric Properties of Cells

9.5 Effect of Cell Surface Charge on Maxwell–Wagner Relaxation

9.6 Dielectric Properties of Bacteria

9.7 Summary

9.8 References

10 Dielectrophoresis: Theoretical and Practical Considerations

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Inherent Approximations in the DEP Force Equation

10.3 Refinements of the DEP Force Equation

10.4 Electrodes: Fabrication, Materials and Modelling

10.5 The Second (High-Frequency) DEP Crossover Frequency (

f

xo

2

)

10.6 Summary

10.7 References

11 Dielectrophoretic Studies of Bioparticles

11.1 Introduction

11.2 DEP Characterization and Separation of Live and Dead Cells

11.3 Mammalian Cells

11.4 Bacteria

11.5 Other Cell Types (Plant, Algae, Oocytes, Oocysts) and Worms

11.6 Virions

11.7 Nucleic Acids and Proteins

11.8 Summary

11.9 References

12 Microfluidic Concepts of Relevance to Dielectrophoresis

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Gases and Liquids

12.3 Fluids Treated as a Continuum

12.4 Basic Fluid Statics and Fluid Dynamics

12.5 Navier–Stokes Equations

12.6 Diffusion

12.7 Ionic (Electrical) Double Layer

12.8 Electro-osmosis

12.9 Summary

12.10 References

Appendices

Appendix A: Values of Fundamental Physical Constants

Appendix B: SI Prefixes

Appendix C: The Base Quantities in the SI System of Units

Appendix D: Derived Physical Quantities, their Defining Equation or Law and Dimensions

Appendix E: Diffusion Coefficients for Molecules and Ions in Water at 298 K

Appendix F: Diffusion Coefficients for Bio-Particles in Water at 293 K

Appendix G: Viscosity and Surface Tension Values for Liquids at 293 K

Appendix H: Activity Coefficients for Common Compounds that Dissociate into Ions in Solution

Appendix I: Electrical Mobility of Ions at 25 °C in Dilute Aqueous Solution

Appendix J: Buffering Systems and their pH Buffering Range

Appendix K: Composition of 1 μL of Human Blood

Appendix L: Blood Cells, Platelets and Some Pathogenic Bioparticles

Author Index

Subject Index

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Chapter 7

Table 7.1

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 8.5

Table 8.6

Table 8.7

Table 8.8

Table 8.9

Table 8.10

Table 8.11

Table 8.12

Table 8.13

Table 8.14

Table 8.15

Table 8.16

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Chapter 10

Table 10.1

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 11.3

Table 11.4

Table 11.5

Table 11.6

Table 11.7

Table 11.8

Chapter 12

Table 12.1

Table 12.2

Table 12.3

Table 12.4

Table 12.5