Digital VLSI Design and Simulation with Verilog E-Book

Suman Lata Tripathi

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 198

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

Master digital design with VLSI and Verilog using this up-to-date and comprehensive resource from leaders in the field Digital VLSI Design Problems and Solution with Verilog delivers an expertly crafted treatment of the fundamental concepts of digital design and digital design verification with Verilog HDL. The book includes the foundational knowledge that is crucial for beginners to grasp, along with more advanced coverage suitable for research students working in the area of VLSI design. Including digital design information from the switch level to FPGA-based implementation using hardware description language (HDL), the distinguished authors have created a one-stop resource for anyone in the field of VLSI design. Through eleven insightful chapters, you ll learn the concepts behind digital circuit design, including combinational and sequential circuit design fundamentals based on Boolean algebra. You ll also discover comprehensive treatments of topics like logic functionality of complex digital circuits with Verilog, using software simulators like ISim of Xilinx. The distinguished authors have included additional topics as well, like: * A discussion of programming techniques in Verilog, including gate level modeling, model instantiation, dataflow modeling, and behavioral modeling * A treatment of programmable and reconfigurable devices, including logic synthesis, introduction of PLDs, and the basics of FPGA architecture * An introduction to System Verilog, including its distinct features and a comparison of Verilog with System Verilog * A project based on Verilog HDLs, with real-time examples implemented using Verilog code on an FPGA board Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students in electronics engineering and computer science engineering, Digital VLSI Design Problems and Solution with Verilogalso has a place on the bookshelves of academic researchers and private industry professionals in these fields.

Leseprobe

Digital VLSI Design and Simulation with Verilog

Dr. Suman Lata Tripathi

Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Dr. Sobhit Saxena

Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Dr. Sanjeet Kumar Sinha

Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

Dr. Govind Singh Patel

IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, UP, India

This edition first published 2022

© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Suman Lata Tripathi, Sobhit Saxena, Sanjeet Kumar Sinha, and Govind Singh Patel to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

Registered Office

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

Editorial Office

9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty

While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Tripathi, Suman Lata, author. | Saxena, Sobhit, author. | Sinha, Sanjeet Kumar, author. | Patel, Govind Singh, author. Title: Digital VLSI design and simulation with Verilog / Suman Lata Tripathi, Sobhit Saxena, Sanjeet Kumar Sinha, Govind Singh Patel. Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021020790 (print) | LCCN 2021020791 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119778042 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119778066 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119778080 (epub) | ISBN 9781119778097 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Integrated circuits--Very large scale integration--Design and construction. | Verilog (Computer hardware description language) Classification: LCC TK7874.75 .T75 2022 (print) | LCC TK7874.75 (ebook) | DDC 621.39/5028553--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021020790LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021020791

Cover image: © Raigvi/Shutterstock

Cover design by Wiley

Set in 9.5/12.5 STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India

Contents

Cover

Title page

Copyright

Preface

About the Authors

1 Combinational Circuit Design

1.1 Logic Gates

1.1.1 Universal Gate Operation

1.1.2 Combinational Logic Circuits

1.2 Combinational Logic Circuits Using MSI

1.2.1 Adders

1.2.2 Multiplexers

1.2.3 De-multiplexer

1.2.4 Decoders

1.2.5 Multiplier

1.2.6 Comparators

1.2.7 Code Converters

1.2.8 Decimal to BCD Encoder

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Reference

2 Sequential Circuit Design

2.1 Flip-flops (F/F)

2.1.1 S-R F/F

2.1.2 D F/F

2.1.3 J-K F/F

2.1.4 T F/F

2.1.5 F/F Excitation Table

2.1.6 F/F Characteristic Table

2.2 Registers

2.2.1 Serial I/P and Serial O/P (SISO)

2.2.2 Serial Input and Parallel Output (SIPO)

2.2.3 Parallel Input and Parallel Output (PIPO)

2.2.4 Parallel Input and Serial Output (PISO)

2.3 Counters

2.3.1 Synchronous Counter

2.3.2 Asynchronous Counter

2.3.3 Design of a 3-Bit Synchronous Up-counter

2.3.4 Ring Counter

2.3.5 Johnson Counter

2.4 Finite State Machine (FSM)

2.4.1 Mealy and Moore Machine

2.4.2 Pattern or Sequence Detector

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Reference

3 Introduction to Verilog HDL

3.1 Basics of Verilog HDL

3.1.1 Introduction to VLSI

3.1.2 Analog and Digital VLSI

3.1.3 Machine Language and HDLs

3.1.4 Design Methodologies

3.1.5 Design Flow

3.2 Level of Abstractions and Modeling Concepts

3.2.1 Gate Level

3.2.2 Dataflow Level

3.2.3 Behavioral Level

3.2.4 Switch Level

3.3 Basics (Lexical) Conventions

3.3.1 Comments

3.3.2 Whitespace

3.3.3 Identifiers

3.3.4 Escaped Identifiers

3.3.5 Keywords

3.3.6 Strings

3.3.7 Operators

3.3.8 Numbers

3.4 Data Types

3.4.1 Values

3.4.2 Nets

3.4.3 Registers

3.4.4 Vectors

3.4.5 Integer Data Type

3.4.6 Real Data Type

3.4.7 Time Data Type

3.4.8 Arrays

3.4.9 Memories

3.5 Testbench Concept

Multiple Choice Questions

References

4 Programming Techniques in Verilog I

4.1 Programming Techniques in Verilog I

4.2 Gate-Level Model of Circuits

4.3 Combinational Circuits

4.3.1 Adder and Subtractor

4.3.2 Multiplexer and De-multiplexer

4.3.3 Decoder and Encoder

4.3.4 Comparator

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

References

5 Programming Techniques in Verilog II

5.1 Programming Techniques in Verilog II

5.2 Dataflow Model of Circuits

5.3 Dataflow Model of Combinational Circuits

5.3.1 Adder and Subtractor

5.3.2 Multiplexer

5.3.3 Decoder

5.3.4 Comparator

5.4 Testbench

5.4.1 Dataflow Model of the Half Adder and Testbench

5.4.2 Dataflow Model of the Half Subtractor and Testbench

5.4.3 Dataflow Model of 2 × 1 Mux and Testbench

5.4.4 Dataflow Model of 4 × 1 Mux and Testbench

5.4.5 Dataflow Model of 2-to-4 Decoder and Testbench

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

References

6 Programming Techniques in Verilog II

6.1 Programming Techniques in Verilog II

6.2 Behavioral Model of Combinational Circuits

6.2.1 Behavioral Code of a Half Adder Using If-else

6.2.2 Behavioral Code of a Full Adder Using Half Adders

6.2.3 Behavioral Code of a 4-bit Full Adder (FA)

6.2.4 Behavioral Model of Multiplexer Circuits

6.2.5 Behavioral Model of a 2-to-4 Decoder

6.2.6 Behavioral Model of a 4-to-2 Encoder

6.3 Behavioral Model of Sequential Circuits

6.3.1 Behavioral Modeling of the D-Latch

6.3.2 Behavioral Modeling of the D-F/F

6.3.3 Behavioral Modeling of the J-K F/F

6.3.4 Behavioral Modeling of the D-F/F Using J-K F/F

6.3.5 Behavioral Modeling of the T-F/F Using J-K F/F

6.3.6 Behavior Modeling of an S-R F/F Using J-K F/F

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

References

7 Digital Design Using Switches

7.1 Switch-Level Model

7.2 Digital Design Using CMOS Technology

7.3 CMOS Inverter

7.4 Design and Implementation of the Combinational Circuit Using Switches

7.4.1 Types of Switches

7.4.2 CMOS Switches

7.4.3 Resistive Switches

7.4.4 Bidirectional Switches

7.4.5 Supply and Ground Requirements

7.5 Logic Implementation Using Switches

7.5.1 Digital Design with a Transmission Gate

7.6 Implementation with Bidirectional Switches

7.6.1 Multiplexer Using Switches

7.7 Verilog Switch-Level Description with Structural-Level Modeling

7.8 Delay Model with Switches

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

References

8 Advance Verilog Topics

8.1 Delay Modeling and Programming

8.1.1 Delay Modeling

8.1.2 Distributed-Delay Model

8.1.3 Lumped-Delay Model

8.1.4 Pin-to-Pin-Delay Model

8.2 User-Defined Primitive (UDP)

8.2.1 Combinational UDPs

8.2.2 Sequential UDPs

8.2.3 Shorthands in UDP

8.3 Task and Function

8.3.1 Difference between Task and Function

8.3.2 Syntax of Task and Function Declaration

8.3.3 Invoking Task and Function

8.3.4 Examples of Task Declaration and Invocation

8.3.5 Examples of Function Declaration and Invocation

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

References

9 Programmable and Reconfigurable Devices

9.1 Logic Synthesis

9.1.1 Technology Mapping

9.1.2 Technology Libraries

9.2 Introduction of a Programmable Logic Device

9.2.1 PROM, PAL and PLA

9.2.2 SPLD and CPLD

9.3 Field-Programmable Gate Array

9.3.1 FPGA Architecture

9.4 Shannon’s Expansion and Look-up Table

9.4.1 2-Input LUT

9.4.2 3-Input LUT

9.5 FPGA Families

9.6 Programming with FPGA

9.6.1 Introduction to Xilinx Vivado Design Suite for FPGA-Based Implementations

9.7 ASIC and Its Applications

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

References

10 Project Based on Verilog HDLs

10.1 Project Based on Combinational Circuit Design Using Verilog HDL

10.1.1 Full Adder Using Switches at Structural Level Model

10.1.2 Ripple-Carry Full Adder (RCFA)

10.1.3 4-bit Carry Look-ahead Adder (CLA)

10.1.4 Design of a 4-bit Carry Save Adder (CSA)

10.1.5 2-bit Array Multiplier

10.1.6 2 × 2 Bit Division Circuit Design

10.1.7 2-bit Comparator

10.1.8 16-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit

10.1.9 Design and Implementation of 4 × 16 Decoder Using 2 × Decoder

10.2 Project Based on Sequential Circuit Design Using Verilog HDL

10.2.1 Design of 4-bit Up/down Counter

10.2.2 LFSR Based 8-bit Test Pattern Generator

10.3 Counter Design

10.3.1 Random Counter that Counts Sequence like 2,4,6,8,2,8…and so On

10.3.2 Use of Task at the Behavioral-Level Model

10.3.3 Traffic Signal Light Controller

10.3.4 Hamming Code(h,k) Encoder/Decoder

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

References

11 SystemVerilog

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Distinct Features of SystemVerilog

11.2.1 Data Types

11.2.2 Arrays

11.2.3 Typedef

11.2.4 Enum

11.3 Always_type

11.4 $log2c() Function

11.5 System-Verilog as a Verification Language

Review Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Reference

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Symbol of an AND gate.

Figure 1.2 Symbol for an OR gate.

Figure 1.3 Symbol for a NOT gate.

Figure 1.4 Symbol for a NAND gate.

Figure 1.5 Symbol for a NOR gate.

Figure 1.6 Symbol for a NAND gate.

Figure 1.7 Diagram of a combinational logic circuit.

Figure 1.8 Block diagram of a H. adder.

Figure 1.9 Circuit diagram of a half adder.

Figure 1.10 Block diagram of a full adder.

Figure 1.11 Full adder logic block.

Figure 1.12 Half subtractor.

Figure 1.13 Half subtractor logic block.

Figure 1.14 Block diagram of the full subtractor.

Figure 1.15 Full subtractor logic block.

Figure 1.16 Block diagram of the multiplexer.

Figure 1.17 Logic diagram of the multiplexer.

Figure 1.18 Implementation of function.

Figure 1.19 Block diagram of the de-multiplexer.

Figure 1.20 1 × 4 de-multiplexer using logic gates.

Figure 1.21 Block diagram of a 2 × 4 decoder.

Figure 1.22 Logic diagram of a 2 × 4 decoder.

Figure 1.23 Implementation of functions using the decoder.

Figure 1.24 Block diagram of a 2-bit binary multiplier.

Figure 1.25 Circuit diagram of a 2-bit multiplier.

Figure 1.26 2-bit comparator block.

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Clocked S-R F/F.

Figure 2.2 Clocked D-F/F.

Figure 2.3 Clocked J-K F/F.

Figure 2.4 Master-slave of a J-K F/F.

Figure 2.5 Clocked T-F/F.

Figure 2.6 Excitation table of a) S-R, b) D, c) J-K and d) D- F/F.

Figure 2.7 Characteristic table a) D-F/F and b) T-F/F.

Figure 2.8 SISO shift register block diagram.

Figure 2.9 SIPO shift register block diagram.

Figure 2.10 PIPO shift register block diagram.

Figure 2.11 PISO shift register block diagram.

Figure 2.12 3-bit Synchronous up-counter with J-K F/F.

Figure 2.13 3-bit ripple counter (up-counter).

Figure 2.14 State diagram of a 3-bit up-counter.

Figure 2.15 3-bit up-counter logic block.

Figure 2.16 4-bit ring counter using D-F/F.

Figure 2.17 4-bit Johnson counter using D-F/F.

Figure 2.18 Mealy machine.

Figure 2.19 Moore machine.

Figure 2.20 Design 011 sequence using a Mealy machine.

Figure 2.21 State-diagram representation of Moore model.

Figure 2.22 Sequence circuit of 011 Mealy sequences.

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Top-down design methodology.

Figure 3.2 Bottom-up design methodology.

Figure 3.3 Design flow chart.

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Logic circuit.

Figure 4.2 Logic circuit.

Figure 4.3 Block diagram of a half adder.

Figure 4.4 Logic circuit of half adder.

Figure 4.5 Logic circuit of half adder using a NAND gate.

Figure 4.6 Logic circuit of half adder using NOR gate.

Figure 4.7 Block diagram of a full adder.

Figure 4.8 Logic circuit of a full adder.

Figure 4.9 Block diagram of a half subtractor.

Figure 4.10 Logic circuit of a full subtractor.

Figure 4.11 Logic circuit of a half subtractor using a NAND gate.

Figure 4.12 Logic circuit of the half subtractor using a NOR gate.

Figure 4.13 Block diagram of a full subtractor.

Figure 4.14 Logic circuit of a full subtractor.

Figure 4.15 Block diagram of a 2 × 1 multiplexer.

Figure 4.16 Logic circuit of a 2 × 1 multiplexer.

Figure 4.17 Block diagram of a 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Figure 4.18 Logic circuit of a 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Figure 4.19 Block diagram of 1 × 2 de-multiplexer.

Figure 4.20 Logic circuit of a 1 × 2 de-multiplexer.

Figure 4.21 Block diagram of 2-to-4 decoder.

Figure 4.22 Logic circuit of a 2-to-4 decoder.

Figure 4.23 Block diagram of 4-to-2 encoder.

Figure 4.24 Logic circuit of 4-to-2 encoder.

Figure 4.25 Logic circuit of a 1-bit magnitude comparator.

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Block diagram of 2 × 1 multiplexer.

Figure 5.2 Block diagram of 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Logic circuit of a full adder [1].

Figure 6.2 Block diagram of a 4-bit full adder [1].

Figure 6.3 Logic circuit of 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Figure 6.4 Block diagram of a 2-to-4 decoder.

Figure 6.5 Block diagram of a 4-to-2 decoder.

Figure 6.6 Block diagram of the D-Latch.

Figure 6.7 Block diagram of a D-F/F.

Figure 6.8 Block diagram of the J-K F/F.

Figure 6.9 Block diagram of the D-F/F using J-K F/F.

Figure 6.10 Block diagram of the J-K F/F using T-F/F.

Figure 6.11 Block diagram of an S-R F/F using J-K F/F.

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 CMOS design with pull-up and pull-down network.

Figure 7.3 MOS switches (a) NMOS (b) PMOS.

Figure 7.4 Symbol of a CMOS switch.

Figure 7.5 Resistive Switches (a) tran (b) tranif1 (c) tranif0.

Figure 7.2 CMOS inverter.

Figure 7.6 NAND gate implantation at transistor level.

Figure 7.7 AND gate using MOS switches.

Figure 7.8 NOR gate using switches.

Figure 7.9 OR gate using switches.

Figure 7.10 XOR gate using switch.

Figure 7.11 2 × 1 Multiplexer block.

Figure 7.12 2 × 1 Multiplexer using a CMOS switch.

Figure 7.13 4 × 1-multiplexer block.

Figure 7.14 4 × 1-multiplexer using switches.

Figure 7.15 1-bit full-adder implementation using a 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 A simple combinational circuit indicating distributed delay.

Figure 8.2 A simple combinational circuit indicating lumped delay.

Figure 8.3 Possible path from individual input to output.

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 VLSI design flow at RTL level.

Figure 9.2 Example of function implementation with PROM.

Figure 9.3 Example of function implementation with PAL.

Figure 9.4 Example of function implementation PLA.

Figure 9.5 CPLD block diagram.

Figure 9.6 PAL-macrocell

Figure 9.7 FPGA block diagram.

Figure 9.8 2-Input LUT.

Figure 9.9 3-Input LUT.

Figure 9.10 Digital design flow.

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 New project creation on Xilinx ISE simulator.

Figure 10.2 New source module creation on Xilinx.

Figure 10.3 Xilinx platform for Verilog HDL.

Figure 10.4 Behavioral simulation on Xilinx platform.

Figure 10.5 4-bit ripple-carry full adder.

Figure 10.6 4-bit CLA adder.

Figure 10.7 4-bit CSA block diagram.

Figure 10.8 Truth table and K-map.

Figure 10.9 1.8: 4 × 16 decoder using a 2 × 4 decoder.

Figure 10.10 8-bit LFSR.

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 T. Table of AND gate.

Table 1.2 Truth table of an OR gate.

Table 1.3 Truth table of a NOT gate.

Table 1.4 Truth table of a NAND gate.

Table 1.5 Truth table of a NOR gate.

Table 1.6 Truth table of a NAND gate.

Table 1.7 Truth table of a half adder.

Table 1.8 Truth table of a full adder.

Table 1.9 Truth table of the H. subtractor.

Table 1.10 Truth table of the full subtractor.

Table 1.11 Truth table of the

Table 1.12 Truth table of a 1 × 4 de-multiplexer.

Table 1.13 Truth table of decoder 2 × 4.

Table 1.14 Truth table of a 2-bit comparator.

Table 1.15 Octal to Binary converter.

Table 1.16 Truth table of a decimal to BCD encoder.

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Truth table of an S-R F/F.

Table 2.2 Truth table of a D-F/F.

Table 2.3 Truth table of a J-K F/F.

Table 2.4 Truth table of a T-F/F.

Table 2.5 State diagram of a 3-bit counter.

Table 2.6 Excitation table of a T-F/F.

Table 2.7 State table of a 3-bit counter.

Table 2.8 D-F/F excitation table.

Table 2.9 State table 1 of sequence 011.

Table 2.10 State table 2 of sequence 011.

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 Half adder.

Table 4.2 Full adder.

Table 4.3 Half subtractor.

Table 4.4 Full subtractor.

Table 4.5 2 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 4.6 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 4.7 1 × 2 de-multiplexer.

Table 4.8 2-to-4 decoder

Table 4.9 4-to-2 encoder.

Table 4.10 1-bit magnitude comparator.

Chapter 5

Table 5.1 Half adder.

Table 5.2 Half subtractor.

Table 5.4 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 5.3 2 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 5.5 2 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 5.6 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 5.7 2-to-4 decoder.

Table 5.8 1-bit magnitude comparator.

Chapter 6

Table 6.1 Half adder.

Table 6.2 Full adder.

Table 6.3 2 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 6.4 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Table 6.5 2-to-4 decoder.

Table 6.6 Decoder truth table.

Table 6.7 D-F/F truth table.

Table 6.8 J-K F/F.

Chapter 7

Table 7.1 Truth table of a NAND gate.

Table 7.2 Truth table of an AND gate.

Table 7.3 Truth table of a NOR gate.

Table 7.4 Truth table of an OR gate.

Table 7.5 Truth table of an XOR gate.

Table 7.6 Truth table of an OR gate.

Table 7.7 Truth table of a 4 × 1 multiplexer.

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2 Differences between task and function.

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 Examples of function implementation using a 2-input LUT.

Table 9.2 Xilinx FPGA family.

Guide

Cover

Title page

Copyright

Table of Contents

Preface

About the Authors

Begin Reading

Index

End User License Agreement

Pages

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

vii

viii

ix

x

xi

xii

xiii

xiv

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

Preface

Integrated circuits are now growing in importance in every electronic system that needs an efficient VLSI architecture design with low-power consumption, a compress chip area, speed, and operating frequency. The challenge for VLSI system designers is to optimize hardware-software integration for lowering the total cost of product acquisition. So, there is a demand for better technological solutions for advanced VLSI architectures that can be done through hardware description language (HDL). Verilog HDL is one of the programming languages that can provide better solutions in this new era of the VLSI industry. The prefabrication design and analysis of such advanced VLSI architecture can easily be implemented with Verilog HDL using available software tools such as Xilinx and Cadence.