Eternal Origin E-Book

Thomas Lindley

• Herausgeber: RavenFire Books
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

Something must always be in existence or there must have been a time when there was nothing in existence. If there was a time when nothing was in existence, it follows that what now is, has come into existence from nothing.Observation is the result of experience. Experience is the information from senses, mental reasoning, and the reminders from memory.We apply experience in a structured, orderly way to constrain observation to what will be credible, acceptable, and reliable.Through science, we define time, existence and reality such that they conform to normal experience. We then combine all of this through cosmogony, (the study of the origin of the Universe), mathematics (the way numbers behave), and reasoning (the way the human mind comes to conclusions). Through cosmogony, the book proves that at one time, the universe was a collapsed object that could not expand. There was no material universe before that. In determining how it came into existence, we look at the impact of gravity. We learn gravity should have prevented the Universe from coming into existence.Yet, we're here.

Leseprobe

Eternal Origin

Something Must Always Exist

By:

Thomas L. Lindley, Ph.D

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Copyright © 2009, 2016 by Thomas Lindley Ph.D.

Cover Art © 2016 RavenFire Media

Cover art & Renderings by RavenFire Media

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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

This book was printed in the United States of America.

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2nd Edition Electronic Edition

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

PART I: THE WAY WE OBSERVE

CHAPTER 1 | Riddle, Anomaly, Contradiction

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2 | Where Am I?: Sense Impressions

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 3 | Memories Are Made of This

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4 | Thinking About Thinking: Mental Reasoning

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 4

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 5 | Opposites Are Never the Same

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 6 | The Finite and The Infinite

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 7 | Numbers Are Never the Same, Either

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 7

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 8 | Cataloging Knowledge: The Scientific Method

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 8

PART II: OBSERVATION THROUGH SCIENCE

CHAPTER 9 | We Need Change: Time

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 9

CHAPTER 10 | Valid For a Time: Existence and Eternity

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 10

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 10

CHAPTER 11 | Big Things: The Large Scale

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 11

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 11

CHAPTER 12 | Little Things Mean a Lot: The Small Scale

Little Things Mean a Lot: The Small Scale

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 12

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 12

CHAPTER 13 | Unity of the Large and the Small: Quantum Gravity

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 13

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 13

CHAPTER 14 | No Alternatives By Quantum Theory

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 14

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 14

CHAPTER 15 | No Alternatives to Gravitational Collapse

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 15

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 15

PART IV: OBSERVATION’S SOLUTION

CHAPTER 16 | Something Must Always Exist

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 16

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 16

CHAPTER 17 | Can’t Sense: Information Entropy

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 17

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 17

CHAPTER 18 | More Than One Something

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 18

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 18

CHAPTER 19 | The Something: The Origin

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 19

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 19

CHAPTER 20 | Results According to the Scientific Method

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 20

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 20

CHAPTER 21

About the Author

Acknowledgments

To the Origin, especially without whom nothing could exist

To my wife Laura, through  whose love, strength and patience, I have become the man I am

To my daughter, Rachel, for her critique, artistic illustrations in this book, and the life-sustaining joy she has brought  to our family

To my son, Joel, in whom we are still proud, To my grandfather, Thomas L. Lindley  Sr. and my father Thomas L. Lindley Jr., both, for whom I was named

To Everette, who had the confidence to contribute to this venture, and To my sisters, too often only thought about, and too often not visited.

To my mother, Esther, for whom I wish I had always done more, This Work is Respectfully Dedicated

Preface

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Without decay

Never ceasing

Perpetual

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Something must always be in existence or there must have been a time when there was nothing in existence. If there was a time when nothing was in existence, it follows that what now is, has come into existence from nothing.

Observation gives the answer. Observation is the result of experience. Experience is the information from senses, mental reasoning, and the reminders from memory.

We apply experience in a structured, orderly way to constrain observation to what will be credible, acceptable, and reliable.

Through  science, we define time, existence and reality such that they conform to normal experience. We  then combine all of this through cosmogony, (the study of the origin of the Universe), mathematics  (the way numbers behave), and reasoning (the way the human mind comes to conclusions).

Through cosmogony, the book proves that at one time, the universe was a collapsed object that could not expand. There was no material Universe before that. In determining how it came into existence, we look at the impact of gravity. We learn gravity should have prevented the Universe from coming into existence.

Yet, we’re here.

Eternal Origin examines the consequences that must exist if something-from-nothing could ever occur. It shows that, for numbers, this condition necessitates that every number be equal to zero. For mental reasoning, it forces everything  to be equal to nothing.

That resultant world is not understandable. In such a world, zero is equivalent to any number, and nothing is equivalent to everything. We can add zero and zero, to get any number. The addition of any two numbers could yield anything, since zero is always present. Zero could be equivalent to any amount.

What is would be the same  as what is not. All science and human  reason is based upon the assurance that what is must never be the same what is not. This restriction is embedded into all reasoning and scientific disciplines. All reality and the thinking process itself, rest on this restriction.

Therefore the universe came from something.

It could never have come from nothing.

Something must always exist.

The application of experience and observation reveals that the something can  be described by these seven attributes:

1)  In Possession of Infinite Power:

Physics  says this necessary to expand the Universe.

2)  Origin of the Universe:

The Universe came into existence from it.

3)  External from the Universe:

By Newton’s law a force originating  from outside the Universe.

4)  Non-detectable By the Senses:

Zero information, so senses can’t detect.

5)  Non-Material:

Not composed of what makes up the Universe.

6)  Eternal In Existence:

No point in time when it began nor when it ends.

7)  One Individual Object:

Only a single Object.

Though these  conclusions  are unusual compared to expectation, their validity is based  on the guarantee that the method restricts the results to those that conform only to scientific validity. Alternatives, therefore, violate all science and reasoning. Everything  based on the human way of viewing  becomes meaningless.

Eternal Origin: Observation’s  Solution to the Riddle of Existence,  proves that unless we  are prepared to relinquish science, reasoning, and even the thinking process, we must accept that there is something that exists over an infinity of time, and is the origin of the entire universe.

Sustaining

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Continual

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Endless

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PART I: THE WAY WE OBSERVE

CHAPTER 1

Riddle, Anomaly, Contradiction

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We have a wondering about what came before

A longing to know the roots of our past

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You should not exist.

Neither should I.

Nothing else should exist.

Rolling slopes carpeted with green should not exist, nor the smell of changing seasons, nor the sparkle of sand on beaches that merge with rippling tensile, nor star laden  skies seen through the bare skeleton branches of hibernating trees, nor the rust-gold leaves blowing swift and strong , nor frosted mountains that chill the air, snow blanket the ground and crunch under foot, nor the tranquil completeness in a reddish-orange  of sunset, nor the wake-up renewal in the yellow-bright of sunrise, nor comforting words, nor reassuring eyes—none should be, if everything came from nothing.

Yet, that is the way it looked when the Universe began. When the engulfing dark velvet, timeless and endless, seemed to be everything.

At the sudden flash-glare of what would be myriads of suns, at the roll of trillion-trillion drums muffled to quiet by the airless empty.

When from invisibility, an infinitesimal dot expanded to become the largest thing there is. When the Universe, a region  smaller than the period that ends this sentence, squeezed in the clutches of infinite force, blinked into existence.

A Universe exhaled to became a riddle, anomaly, and a contradiction.

A riddle is something puzzling, perplexing. An anomaly is something peculiar, unusual compared to expectation. A contradiction  designates opposite conditions  are the same.

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A MATTER OF COLLAPSE

We live in a Universe  that is expanding. That is, most of the galaxies, (collections  of billions of stars) are moving  away from each other. When we reverse that motion to observe the past, we have a universe contracting. This indicates the universe  was once much smaller in the past. From that reversal of motion viewpoint, it is a large mass collapsing. If the amount material exceeds a specific value, gravitational attraction squeezes it with infinite force. This force prevents anything  including light, from escaping.

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RIDDLE

The universe exceeds the specific value. It should not have expanded at all. Yet we’re here. That’s puzzling, perplexing, and a riddle.

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AN ANOMALY

When it was discovered that the universe was expanding, it was assumed that the expansion was at the same rate over time. Now, science has determined that the universe is accelerating. It’s expanding at a faster and faster rate. It has undergone  a velocity faster than light. This is peculiar, unusual compared to expectation, an anomaly.

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A CONTRADICTION

Due to the mass (the amount of material) in the universe, it should  be a collapsed object, unable to expand. The forces of gravity should be an infinite crushing force. Our universe should not have expanded, yet it did expand.

The Universe had to come from some-thing or come from no-thing (not-something). If there was any time when there was only no-thing, some-thing and no-thing (not-something) had to be the  same. Some-thing had to be no-thing (not-something). Some-thing could come from no-thing (not-something).

This says opposite conditions can be the same, a contradiction.

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THE SOLUTION

Observation provides the answer. Observation  is the information from senses, mental reasoning, and the reminders from memory.

We can apply experience in a structured, orderly way to constrain observation to what is credible, acceptable, and reliable. This is called science.

Through science, we define time, existence and reality such that they conform to normal human experience. We then combine all of this through sense impression (the way we humans  are aware of reality), cosmogony, (the study of how the Universe came into existence), mathematics (the derivation of numbers and the way they behave), and reasoning (the way the human mind comes to conclusions).

Observation solves the riddle, anomaly and contradiction. From observation we will discover the necessity that some-thing always exists.

What is that some-thing?

We begin our search for the answer with Chapter 2, Where Am I?: Sense Impression. There we discuss the five essentials required  for awareness.

SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1

When the Universe, a region  smaller than the period that ends this sentence, squeezed in the clutches of infinite force, blinked into existence it became a riddle, anomaly, and a contradiction.

A riddle is something puzzling, perplexing. An anomaly is something peculiar, unusual compared to expectation. A contradiction implies opposite conditions are the same.

We live in a Universe  that is expanding. That is, most of its largest objects are moving away from each other. These objects are galaxies, collections  of billions of stars. When we reverse that motion to observe the past, we have a universe contracting. This indicates the universe was once much smaller in the past. It is a large mass collapsing.  Its behavior  is the same as the gravitational  collapse of massive stars. That means gravity had the same influence on the universe as it has on collapsing stars.

The  universe  was originally an infinite mass. It should  never have come into existence. The universe is accelerating. It’s expanding at a faster and faster rate. It has undergone a velocity faster than light. This is peculiar, unusual compared to expectation, an anomaly.

The Universe had to come from some-thing or come from no-thing (not-something). If there was any time when there was only no-thing, some-thing and no-thing (not-something) had to be the  same. Some-thing could come from no-thing (not-something).  This says opposite conditions can be the same, a contradiction.

Through science, we define time, existence and reality such that they conform to normal experience. We then combine all of this through Cosmogony, (the study of how the Universe came into existence), mathematics (the derivation of numbers and the way behave), and reasoning  (the way the human mind comes to conclusions).

Through cosmogony, we prove that at one time, the today’s universe did not exist. Evidence from physics shows the Universe came it existence suddenly. We learn why gravity should have prevented the Universe from coming into existence.

Observation solves the riddle, anomaly and contradiction. From observation we will discover the necessity that some-thing always exists.

REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1

Isbell, Billy  J.  (1977) Riddle Games among Quechua Speakers,  Journal  of Latin  American Lore 3:1, 19-49

Barrow, John D. (1994) The Origin of The Universe, Basic Books, New York

We had a wondering, but now

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Knowledge

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A longing but, now

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Discovery

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CHAPTER 2

Where Am I?: Sense Impressions

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AFFECT, an adjective, identifies the influence of our surroundings

EFFECT, a noun, identifies the result of the affect afterwards

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It’s happened to most of us. We’ve experienced some extreme situation by which awareness is rendered null and void. When the lights come back on, we usually attempt restoration by propounding  three questions: (1) “What happened?” (2) “Who are you?” and (3) Where am I?”

These are keys to collecting misplaced senses. “Collecting our senses” shows how awareness springs from our ability to sense.

We observe through our senses. Sense impressions, mental reasoning, and memory, allow us to perceive time, existence, and eternity.