Fundamentals of Electrocatalyst Materials and Interfacial Characterization E-Book
Nicolas Alonso-Vante
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
This book addresses some essential topics in the science of energy converting devices emphasizing recent aspects of nano-derived materials in the application for the protection of the environment, storage, and energy conversion. The aim, therefore, is to provide the basic background knowledge. The electron transfer process and structure of the electric double layer and the interaction of species with surfaces and the interaction, reinforced by DFT theory for the current and incoming generation of fuel cell scientists to study the interaction of the catalytic centers with their supports. The chief focus of the chapters is on materials based on precious and non-precious centers for the hydrogen electrode, the oxygen electrode, energy storage, and in remediation applications, where the common issue is the rate-determining step in multi-electron charge transfer processes in electrocatalysis. These approaches are used in a large extent in science and technology, so that each chapter demonstrates the connection of electrochemistry, in addition to chemistry, with different areas, namely, surface science, biochemistry, chemical engineering, and chemical physics.
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Seitenzahl: 392
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2019
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Contents
Cover
Title page
Copyright page
Preface
Chapter 1: Physics, Chemistry and Surface Properties
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Electrochemical Interface
1.3 Energy in Solids and Liquids: Junction Formation
1.4 Surface Reactivity of Low-Index Planes
1.5 Electron Charge-Transfer Reactions
1.6 The Effect of CN
-
Surface Coordination on Low-Index Pt Surface: ORR
References
Chapter 2: Computational Chemistry for Electro-Catalysis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Scope and Limitations of Different Models
2.3 Influence of the Support in Electrocatalysis
References
Chapter 3: The Hydrogen Electrode Reaction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Thermodynamics
3.3 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction-HER
3.4 Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction-HOR
References
Chapter 4: Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Reaction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrolyzer Thermodynamics
4.3 Oxygen Reduction Reaction
4.4 Oxygen Evolution Reaction
References
Chapter 5: Electrochemical Energy Storage
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic Terminology in Batteries
5.3 Present Status of Electrochemical Batteries
5.4 Lithium Ion Battery
5.5 Post-Li Technologies
References
Chapter 6: Electrocatalysis and Remediation
6.1 Introdution
6.2 NO
x
Reduction
6.3 CO
X
Reduction and Methanol Oxidation
6.4 Determination of Nitrate-Based Compounds in DNA
References
Index
End User License Agreement
Guide
Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1
The electrode/electrolyte electrochemical interfaces. OHP, outer Helmholtz...
Figure 1.2
(a) Energy diagram of a metallic conductor showing the main parameters...
Figure 1.3
(a) Low-index (100, 110) and (111)
fcc
surfaces; (b) The high-resolution...
Figure 1.4
Cyclic voltammograms at 50 mV/s of (
hkl
) Pt recorded in acid...
Figure 1.5
(a) The kinetic current density as a function of the electrode overpotential,...
Figure 1.6
Current-potential characteristics of charge transfer electrocatalytic processes...
Figure 1.7
Polarization curves for the oxygen electrode (ORR; OER); and the oxidation of a...
Figure 1.8
(a) CVs of Pt (111) in acid and alkaline media (black curves);...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1
Metal oxide clusters for the simulation of a surface working as metal support:...
Figure 2.2
First stages of CH
4
adsorption on Fe clusters: (a) Fe atom, (b) Fe...
Figure 2.3
(a) Cluster geometry for Pt
4
Pd
1
clusters arranged from...
Figure 2.4
Representation of the formation of a slab model. From the bulk, the different...
Figure 2.5
Activation Energy for iodine desorption on Pt surfaces with different...
Figure 2.6
Formation of stepped surfaces from slab models, showing the main (111) and (100)...
Figure 2.7
Changes in the d-band centers for monolayer overlayers on transition metal...
Figure 2.8
Slab simulation of (a) oxygen adsorption energy and (b) Pt oxidation shift, two...
Figure 2.9
Geometric properties of various Pt@Ni nanoparticles, with varying amount of Pt...
Figure 2.10
Geometry properties of the Pt surface atoms, (a) Pt-Pt distance, (b) Bader...
Figure 2.11
Stability properties of Ni@Pt core@shell nanoparticles: (a) Shift in the...
Figure 2.12
Accumulation/depletion (blue/red) graphs arising from the interaction of the Pt...
Figure 2.13
Effect of the nanoparticle-graphene interaction on (a) charge accumulation/depletion...
Figure 2.14
Charge accumulation/depletion after CO adsorption on (a) graphite supported...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1
Volcano plot for HER: exchange current density, j
0
, vs. the standard...
Figure 3.2
Cyclic voltammograms (a) of 20wt.% Pt/C JM, (b) H
upd
region of 20wt.%...
Figure 3.3
(a) HER polarization curves and (b) Tafel plots of 20%wt. Pt/C JM. Scan rate 5...
Figure 3.4
Platinum and transition-metal relative abundance in the Earth crust. Data taken...
Figure 3.5
HER polarization curves of transition-metal-based catalysts in (a) 0.5M...
Figure 3.6
Different metal coordination and stacking sequence of MX
2
unit cells...
Figure 3.7
(a) HER polarization curve of 1T-MoS
2
(the insert: Tafel analysis),...
Figure 3.8
(a) Atomic-resolution STEM micrographs, and chemical maps for the spatial...
Figure 3.9
Representative non-precious HER catalytic centers state-of-the-art. Data taken...
Figure 3.10
(a) HER/HOR polarization curves, (b) kinetic current as function of the...
Figure 3.11
(a) Cyclic voltammograms, (b) cell performance of AMFC of commercial Pt/C and...
Figure 3.12
(a) Cyclic voltammograms, (b) HER/HOR polarization curves, and (c) specific...
Figure 3.13
(a) Cyclic voltammograms, (b) kinetic current as function of overpotential,...
Figure 3.14
(a) HOR polarization curves, (b) kinetic current as function of overpotential...
Figure 3.15
Cyclic voltammograms of electrodeposited Ni nanoparticles and oxidized Ni...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1
Oxygen in electrochemical technologies and processes, where stands for AFC-Alkaline...
Figure 4.2
ORR kinetic scheme as proposed by Kinoshita [5]. Copyright © 1992, with...
Figure 4.3
Oxygen adsorption models for the ORR: (a) Griffith, (b) Pauling, and (c) Yeager...
Figure 4.4
ORR possible mechanisms according to oxygen adsorption model, as proposed by...
Figure 4.5
ORR volcano-like curve, from reference [8]. Copyright © 2004, with...
Figure 4.6
Model of cubo-octahedral structure for platinum particles consisting of (111)...
Figure 4.7
Supported-platinum nanoparticles onto carbon Vulcan XC-72. Adapted from...
Figure 4.8
(a) Half-wave potential, and (b) hydrogen peroxide yield at 0.4 V during the...
Figure 4.9
Catalytic site-density variation of carbon supported nano-materials: (a) loading...
Figure 4.10
Cyclic voltammograms (a) of Pt nanocubes (red line) and corresponding Pt (110)...
Figure 4.11
Relationship between experimental specific activity measurements for the ORR on...
Figure 4.12
Cyclic voltammetries of Pt
3
Ni (
hkl
) versus Pt (
hkl
)...
Figure 4.13
Upper panel: TEM images of the as-synthesized 5 nm (a) Pt
3
Fe, (b)...
Figure 4.14
Volcano plot of the overpotential for oxygen evolution versus the enthalpy of...
Figure 4.15
(a) Linear sweep polarization curves, and (b) Tafel plot for OER obtained for...
Figure 4.16
Reaction scheme for the first step of water splitting: (a) Water adsorption....
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1
Schematic representation of electrochemical energy storage systems: (a) Battery...
Figure 5.2
Ragonne plot for the comparison of electrochemical energy storage systems...
Figure 5.3
Schematic representation of the increase in capacity and voltage for cells...
Figure 5.4
Ragonne plot for a comparison of secondary batteries. Figure reprinted from...
Figure 5.5
Comparison of recent improvements in single phase electrode materials for LIB...
Figure 5.6
Li
2
CuO
2
electrodes (as cathode in LIB) prepared in air...
Figure 5.7
Cyclability of Li
2
CuO
2
as cathode in the (a) 1.5–4.2 V...
Figure 5.8
Effect of water inside the cavities of zinc hexacyanoferrates in sodium ion...
Figure 5.9
Typical discharge curve for Li-S Battery. Obtained with permission from reference...
Figure 5.10
(a) Schematic representation of the operation of a metal air battery with the...
Figure 5.11
Polarization curves for (a) ORR using the catalyst described in the legend,...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1
Current-potential characteristics corresponding to the reduction of nitrogen...
Figure 6.2
Linear sweep voltammograms recorded at scan rate of 5 mVs
–1
at...
Figure 6.3
(a) The peak current, (b) the peak potential, and (c) log I at a constant potential...
Figure 6.4
Current-potential characteristics in 0.5 M NaOH in absence (black line) and in...
Figure 6.5
The cathodic current chronoamperometric response, at –1.8 V/SCE, of adsorbed...
Figure 6.6
(a) Nitrate reduction on the unmodified multilayer AuPd including the formation...
Figure 6.7
(a) Cyclic voltammetry using the on-line electrochemical mass spectroscopy (OLEMS)...
Figure 6.8
A typical design for a CO
2
electrolyzer system provided with a gas/liquid...
Figure 6.9
(a) Diagram showing Cu nano-layers on polycrystalline Pt. (b) RFS (Ratio of relative...
Figure 6.10
Comparison of the electrocatalytic activities of polycrystalline Cu and Cu annealed...
Figure 6.11
Linear sweep voltammograms recorded at different methanol concentrations for...
Figure 6.12
The faradic current variation with respect to Ni loading during methanol oxidation...
Figure 6.13
(a) Current-potential characteristic obtained at Pt/C and Pt/WO
3
-C for...
Figure 6.14
A suggested mechanism for the electrochemical reduction of SO
2
in...
Figure 6.15
Cyclic voltammograms on Pt electrode of 5·10
–3
F...
Figure 6.16
The SO
x
reduction reaction pathway on activated carbon and EDTA complex...
Figure 6.17
Normalized concentration variation of bis-phenol A (BPA) during the PEC...
Figure 6.18
(a) DPV responses of guanine (G) and adenine (A) obtained at CdS–CHIT/GCE...
Figure 6.19
Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) of (1) MWCNT/NiFe
2
O
4
–GCE,...
Figure 6.20
TEM images of composites (a) Gr-Pt-2; (b) Gr-Pt-3; HRTEM images of composites (c)...
Figure 6.21
Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) characteristics of quaternary mixtures (having...
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1
f
(
E
) Versus
p
(
E
) at
x·k
B
T
...
Chapter 3
Table 3.1
Representative non-precious catalytic centers for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)...
Table 3.2
Representative precious-metals alkaline HOR catalytic centers...
Table 3.3
Representative non-precious-metals for the HOR in alkaline medium...
Chapter 5
Table 5.1
Main characteristics of the most commercially available electrochemical battery...
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E-mail:[email protected]
Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Fundamentals of Electrocatalyst Materials and Interfacial Characterization
Energy Producing Devices and Environmental Protection
Nicolas Alonso-Vante
Carlos Augusto Campos Roldán
Rosa de Guadalupe González Huerta
Guadalupe Ramos Sánchez
Arturo Manzo Robledo
This edition first published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA © 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLC For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-11-946007-7
Preface
Over the years, numerous books and review articles on electrochemistry have been written because of its applicability linked to the sustainability of society.
This book addresses some essential topics in the science of energy converting devices emphasizing recent aspects of nanodivided materials in the application for the protection of the environment, storage, and energy conversion under the title of fundamental of electrocatalysts materials and interfacial characterization. The aim was therefore to provide the basic background knowledge. The electron transfer process and structure of the electric double layer and the interaction of species with surfaces (Chapter I) and the interaction, reinforced by DFT theory for the current and incoming generation of fuel cell scientists to study the interaction of the catalytic centers with their supports (Chapter II). The chief focus in the following chapters is on materials based on precious and non-precious centers for the hydrogen electrode (Chapter III), the oxygen electrode (Chapter IV), energy storage (Chapter V), and in remediation applications (Chapter VI), where the common issue is the rate-determining step in multi-electron charge transfer processes in electrocatalysis. These approaches are used in a large extent in science and technology, so that each Chapter demonstrates the connection of electrochemistry, in addition to chemistry, with different areas, namely, surface science, biochemistry, chemical engineering, and chemical physics.
A short list of books giving account of the fundamental progress from an academic (experimentally and theoretically) and practical point of view is given at the end of the book to complement it.
N. Alonso-Vante C. A. Campos Roldán R. Gpe. González Huerta Gpe. Ramos Sánchez A. Manzo Robledo
