Geotechnical Engineering Design E-Book

Ming Xiao

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 501

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

An accessible, clear, concise, and contemporary course in geotechnical engineering design.

• covers the major in geotechnical engineering
• packed with self-test problems and projects with an on-line detailed solutions manual
• presents the state-of-the-art field practice
• covers both Eurocode 7 and ASTM standards (for the US)

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

About the Authors

Ming Xiao

Daniel Barreto

About the Companion Website

Chapter 1: Introduction to Engineering Geology

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Structure of the Earth and geologic time

1.3 Formation and classification of rocks

1.4 Engineering properties and behaviors of rocks

1.5 Formation and classification of soils

1.6 Maps used in engineering geology

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 2: Geotechnical Subsurface Exploration

2.1 Framework of subsoil exploration

2.2 Field drilling and sampling

2.3 Geotechnical boring log

2.4

In situ

field testing

2.5 Subsurface investigations using geophysical techniques

2.6 Geotechnical investigation report

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 3: Shallow Foundation Design

3.1 Introduction to foundation design

3.2 Bearing capacity of shallow foundations

3.3 Settlements of shallow foundations

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 4: Introduction to Deep Foundation Design

4.1 Introduction to deep foundations

4.2 Pile load transfer mechanisms and factor of safety

4.3 Static bearing capacity of a single pile

4.4 Vertical bearing capacity of pile groups

4.5 Settlement of pile groups

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 5: Slope Stability Analyses and Stabilization Measures

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Overview of slope stability analyses

5.3 Slope stability analyses – infinite slope methods

5.4 Slope stability analyses – Culmann's method for planar failure surfaces

5.5 Slope stability analyses – curved failure surfaces

5.6 Slope stability analyses – methods of slices

5.7 Slope stability analyses – consideration of pore water pressure

5.8 Morgenstern charts for rapid drawdown

5.9 Averaging unit weights and shear strengths in stratified slopes

5.10 Slope stability analyses – finite element methods

5.11 Slope stabilization measures

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 6: Filtration, Drainage, Dewatering, and Erosion Control

6.1 Basics of saturated flow in porous media

6.2 Filtration methods and design

6.3 Dewatering and drainage

6.4 Surface erosion and control

6.5 Subsurface erosion and seepage control methods

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 7: Soil Retaining Structures

7.1 Introduction to soil retaining structures

7.2 Lateral earth pressures

7.3 Conventional retaining wall design

7.4 Sheet pile wall design

7.5 Soil nail wall design

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 8: Introduction to Geosynthetics Design

8.1 Geosynthetics types and characteristics

8.2 Design of mechanically stabilized Earth walls using geosynthetics

8.3 Design of reinforced soil slopes

8.4 Filtration and drainage design using geotextiles

Homework Problems

References

Chapter 9: Introduction to Geotechnical Earthquake Design

9.1 Basic seismology and earthquake characteristics

9.2 Dynamic Earth pressures

9.3 Seismic slope stability

9.4 Liquefaction analysis

Homework Problems

References

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

Figure 2.9

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.11

Figure 2.12

Figure 2.13

Figure 2.14

Figure 2.15

Figure 2.16

Figure 2.17

Figure 2.18

Figure 2.19

Figure 2.20

Figure 2.21

Figure 2.22

Figure 2.23

Figure 2.24

Figure 2.25

Figure 2.26

Figure 2.27

Figure 2.28

Figure 2.29

Figure 2.30

Figure 2.31

Figure 2.32

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12

Figure 3.13

Figure 3.14

Figure 3.15

Figure 3.16

Figure 3.17

Figure 3.18

Figure 3.19

Figure 3.20

Figure 3.21

Figure 3.22

Figure 3.23

Figure 3.24

Figure 3.25

Figure 3.26

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Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9

Figure 4.10

Figure 4.11

Figure 4.12

Figure 4.13

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Figure 4.16

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Figure 4.20

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Figure 4.24

Figure 4.25

Figure 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

Figure 5.5

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.7

Figure 5.8

Figure 5.9

Figure 5.10

Figure 5.11

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Figure 5.13

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Figure 5.16

Figure 5.17

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Figure 5.20

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Figure 5.22

Figure 5.24

Figure 5.23

Figure 5.25

Figure 5.26

Figure 5.27

Figure 5.28

Figure 5.29

Figure 5.30

Figure 5.31

Figure 5.32

Figure 5.33

Figure 5.34

Figure 5.35

Figure 5.36

Figure 5.37

Figure 5.38

Figure 5.39

Figure 5.40

Figure 5.41

Figure 5.42

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.5

Figure 6.6

Figure 6.7

Figure 6.8

Figure 6.9

Figure 6.10

Figure 6.11

Figure 6.12

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Figure 6.16

Figure 6.17

Figure 6.18

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Figure 6.20

Figure 6.21

Figure 6.22

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Figure 6.24

Figure 6.25

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.4

Figure 7.5

Figure 7.6

Figure 7.7

Figure 7.8

Figure 7.9

Figure 7.10

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Figure 7.12

Figure 7.13

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Figure 7.15

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Figure 7.20

Figure 7.21

Figure 7.22

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Figure 7.24

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Figure 7.26

Figure 7.27

Figure 7.28

Figure 7.29

Figure 7.30

Figure 7.31

Figure 7.32

Figure 7.33

Figure 7.34

Figure 7.35

Figure 7.36

Figure 7.37

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Figure 7.40

Figure 7.46

Figure 7.47

Figure 7.48

Figure 7.49

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Figure 7.51

Figure 7.52

Figure 7.53

Figure 7.54

Figure 7.55

Figure 7.56

Figure 7.57

Figure 7.58

Figure 7.59

Figure 7.60

Figure 7.61

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

Figure 8.3

Figure 8.4

Figure 8.5

Figure 8.6

Figure 8.7

Figure 8.8

Figure 8.9

Figure 8.10

Figure 8.11

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Figure 8.13

Figure 8.14

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Figure 8.20

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Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2

Figure 9.3

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Figure 9.5

Figure 9.6

Figure 9.7

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Figure 9.10

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Figure 9.22

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Figure 9.24

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Figure 9.27

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Figure 9.29

Figure 9.30

Figure 9.31

List of Tables

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.6

Table 2.7

Table 2.8

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Table 5.5

Table 5.6

Table 5.7

Table 5.8

Table 5.9

Table 6.1

Table 7.1

Table 7.2

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 8.5

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Table 9.4

Table 9.5

Geotechnical Engineering Design

Ming Xiao

Associate Professor of Civil Engineering College of Engineering The Pennsylvania State University, University Park USA

with contributions from

Daniel Barreto

Lecturer School of Engineering & the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University USA

This edition first published 2015

© 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Preface

This book presents the fundamental design principles and approaches in geotechnical engineering, including an introduction to engineering geology, subsurface explorations, shallow and deep foundations, slope stability analyses and remediation, filters and drains, Earth retaining structures, geosynthetics, and basic seismic evaluations of slope stability, lateral earth pressures, and liquefaction. It is intended for use as a textbook in the geotechnical design courses for senior undergraduate and M.S. graduate students. Therefore, the topics covered in this book are presented to meet this level. This book applies the principles of soil mechanics and focuses on the design methodologies in geotechnical engineering. The readers of this book are expected to have undertaken a soil mechanics course and already understood the principles of engineering properties of soils, stresses in soils, seepage in soils, soils shear strength, and consolidation.

The book was completed after I have taught geotechnical engineering for 9 years as faculty of civil engineering. Although excellent textbooks on the principles of geotechnical engineering and textbooks on foundation engineering are available to students, instructors and students have few options in selecting textbooks that cover geotechnical design aspects other than foundation engineering, particularly in senior undergraduate and M.S. graduate courses. This prompted me to embark on writing this textbook. While writing this book, I remained mindful of how a student can best and most easily grasp the content. Each chapter opens with an introduction on why the topic is important in the engineering practice, and graphical illustrations are appropriately included to offer visual images of the engineering applications. Ample graphical illustrations on field applications and design approaches are provided throughout the book. In Chapters 3–9 where designs are presented, a sample problem and its solution are included at the end of each topic. The homework problems at the end of each chapter are designed to test the student's basic understanding of the concepts and design approaches and to challenge the student to solve real-world design issues.

A unique aspect of this book is the inclusion of Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design, the European Standard for the design of geotechnical structures. The design approaches of many topics in this book use both allowable stress design (in the United States) and limit state design (in Europe), and two sets of solutions for many sample problems are provided to explain both the design methodologies. Both the America Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and the British standards are referred to in Chapter 1 (Introduction to Engineering Geology) and Chapter 2 (Geotechnical Subsurface Exploration). The inclusion of Eurocode allows the international audience to preliminarily understand the commonalities and differences in geotechnical engineering designs on a global scale, particularly in Europe and North America.

Considering the targeted level of readers and the typical duration of a course in which this textbook would be used, some topics are not presented in great depth. For example, Chapter 3 (Shallow Foundation Design) and Chapter 4 (Introduction to Deep Foundation Design) present only the fundamentals of foundation design; the topic of drilled shafts is not presented. Chapter 8 (Introduction to Geosynthetics Design) presents only the basics of geosynthetics and three common field applications using geosynthetics: mechanically stabilized earth walls, reinforced soil slopes, and filtration and drainage. Chapter 9 (Introduction to Geotechnical Earthquake Design) presents the basic seismology and earthquake characteristics and three basic seismic evaluations: slope stability, lateral earth pressures, and liquefaction. Special topic courses on these individual topics may require other available textbooks.

I am indebted to many people who helped and supported the long process of writing this book. Jennifer Welter, Madeleine Metcalfe, and Harriet Konishi of John Wiley and Sons had been patient, supportive, and instrumental in the development of this book. Benjamin T. Adams, my undergraduate, master's, and doctoral student and friend, provided valuable thoughts and help. Many professors, practitioners, and agencies generously provided photos and graphs for this book; the acknowledgements of them are included in the figure captions. I particularly appreciate my wife, Shasha, for her continuous support and sacrifice in the pursuit of this book and in life.

Ming Xiao The Pennsylvania State University University Park USA

About the Authors

Ming Xiao

Dr. Ming Xiao is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, USA. He received a B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Shandong University (China), an M.S. degree in Geotechnical Engineering from Zhejiang University (China), and both M.S. degree in Computer Science and Ph.D. degree in Geotechnical Engineering from Kansas State University. Before joining the Pennsylvania State University, Dr. Xiao was an Assistant and then Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering at the California State University, Fresno, from 2005 to 2013. Dr. Xiao's research involves seepage and erosion, performances of earthen structures (such as dams, levees, and geosynthetically reinforced bridge supports) under in-service conditions and extreme events, and innovative alternative materials, biogeochemically treated soils, recycled materials, and their engineering applications. Dr. Xiao has received a number of research grants as principal or co-principal investigator from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery, the California Department of Transportation, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, and other companies. He has written two books and published over 50 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers. He is a registered Professional Engineer of Civil Engineering in the states of California and Ohio. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), the Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering (CUREE), Tau Beta Pi National Engineering Honor Society (USA), and Chi Epsilon National Civil Engineering Honor Society (USA). He is the Chair of the Geotechnics of Soil Erosion technical committee and a member of the Embankments, Dams, and Slopes technical committee of the ASCE Geo-Institute. He is an Editorial Board Member of the ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation, and he has served as an international advisory board member and session chair for a number of international conferences.

Daniel Barreto

Dr. Daniel Barreto is a Lecturer in Geotechnical Engineering in the School of Engineering and the Built Environment at Edinburgh Napier University, UK. He received a B.Eng. degree in Civil Engineering from Universidad de los Andes (Colombia), an M.Sc. degree in Soil Mechanics and Engineering Seismology from Imperial College London (UK), and completed his Ph.D. in Soil Mechanics also at Imperial College London. Before the start of his postgraduate studies, Dr. Barreto worked as Graduate Civil (Geotechnical) Engineer in Colombia and contributed to multiple projects related to the design of various geotechnical structures. Dr. Barreto's research involves advanced laboratory testing on soil and use of the discrete element method (DEM) for geotechnical applications. His particular research interests include soil anisotropy, mechanical behavior of soft rocks and dissolving soils, among others. Dr. Barreto has received a number of research grants as principal or co-principal investigator from institutions such as the Royal Academy of Engineering and the British Council. He has published over 25 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers. He is a member of the British Geotechnical Association (BGA), the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE), and the International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM). Dr Barreto is also a Teaching Fellow at Edinburgh Napier University, a title that highlights excellence in teaching practice, and is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA).

About the Companion Website

This book's companion website www.wiley.com/go/Xiao provides you with a solutions manual, resources and downloads to further your understanding of geotechnical engineering design:

Solutions to the end-of-chapter exercises, including the full workings

A suite of editable spreadsheets which map onto the worked examples in the book, showing how they are solved.

Colour versions of the book's many photographs and figures

PowerPoint slides for tutors

Chapter 1Introduction to Engineering Geology

1.1 Introduction

Engineering geology involves description of the structure and attributes of rocks that are associated with engineering works, mapping, and characterization of all geologic features and materials (rocks, soils, and water bodies) that are proximate to a project and the identification and evaluation of potential natural hazards such as landslides and earthquakes that may affect the success of an engineering project. It is different from geology, which concerns the present and past morphologies and structure of the Earth, its environments, and the fossil records of its inhabitants (Goodman 1993).

1.2 Structure of the Earth and geologic time

The Earth is divided into three main layers: crust, mantle, and core (Figure 1.1). The crust is the outer solid layer of the Earth and comprises the continents and ocean basins. The crust varies in thickness from 35 to 70 km in the continents and from 5 to 10 km in the ocean basins. It is composed mainly of aluminosilicates. The mantle, a highly viscous layer about 2900 km thick, is located beneath the outer crust. It includes the upper mantle (about 35–60 km thick) and the lower mantle (about 35–2890 km thick) (Jordan 1979). The mantle is composed mainly of ferro-magnesium silicates. Large convective cells in the mantle circulate heat and may drive the plate tectonic processes. Beneath the mantle and at the center of the Earth are the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. The outer core is an extremely low viscosity liquid layer, about 2300 km thick, and composed of iron and nickel, with an approximate temperature of 4400 °C. The inner core is solid, about 1200 km in radius, and is entirely composed of iron, with an approximate temperature of 5505 °C (Engdahl et al. 1974). The Earth's magnetic field is believed to be controlled by the liquid outer core.