Globalised Minds, Roots in the City E-Book

Alberta Andreotti

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Studies in Urban and Social Change
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 626

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Globalised Minds, Roots in the City utilises empirical evidence from four European cities to explore the role of urban upper middle classes in the transformations experienced by contemporary European societies. 

• Presents new empirical evidence collected through an original comparative research about professionals and managers in four European cities in three countries
• Features an innovative combination of approaches, methods, and techniques in its analyses of European post-national societies
• Reveals how segments of Europe’s  urban population are adopting “exit” or “partial exit” strategies in respect to the nation state
• Utilises approaches from classic urban sociology, globalization and mobility studies, and spatial class analysis
• Includes in depth interviews, social networking techniques, and classic questions of political representation and values

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Cover

Series page

Studies in Urban and Social Change

Title page

Copyright page

Series Editors’ Preface

Preface

Introduction

Globalisation, Transnationalism and Mobility in European Cities

Does Globalisation Induce ‘Exit’ Strategies?

Mobility and the Weakening of Local Ties in the Urban Context

Upper-Middle Classes: ‘Exit’ and Urban Disembeddedness

The ‘Partial Exit’ and Distance–Proximity Strategies of European Upper-Middle Classes

Structure of the Book

1 Comparing Upper-Middle-Class Managers in Four Cities

Searching for the European Upper-Middle Classes: The Choice of European Managers

National Patterns in the Rise of Managers: France, Italy and Spain

Managers in Four European Cities: Milan, Madrid, Lyon and Paris

Selecting Four Neighbourhoods in Each City

Who Are These European Managers?

Managers as Modernising Agents

Liberal Cultural Values: Managers as Post-Industrial Educated Cultural Species

Cosmopolitanism, Europeanisation and Multilayered Identities

Conclusions

2 Managers in the City

Combining Distance and Proximity: Interactions under Control

Choosing a City or a Metropolitan Region: Inheritance, Family Ties and Professional Opportunities

Choosing a ‘Good’ Neighbourhood Close to Family and Friends

Keeping the Social Mix under Control Yet Fearless of the City

Conclusion: Managers Choosing a Place to Live—Family Ties, Relative Degree of Mixing and Strict Control

3 Three Ways of Living in a Globalised World

Mobility, Transnationalism and Social Differentiation

Living Abroad: A Dividing Line Among Managers

Professional Partial Exit Strategies: Going Abroad and Coming Back

The Most Common Form of Transnational Mobility: Short-Term and Short-Distance

A Western-Centric World

Virtual Mobility for ‘Digital Nomads’

The World Is Becoming Increasingly More Competitive: Children Must Be Ready

Rootedness as the Other Side of Mobility: Cross-Classifying Transnational Practices and Rootedness

Conclusions: Transnationalisation Under Shelter?

4 Managers’ Social Networks

Managers’ Friends: Spatially Dispersed but Intensely Socially Homogeneous

Family and the City: A Recovered Relation

Neighbours: Who Are Those Strangers?

Family and Friends, but No Engagement in the Public Sphere

Conclusions: Dense Social Networks Abroad and in the City

5 Conclusion

A European Urban ‘Modernist’ Upper-Middle Class: Values, Networks of Friends and European Mobility … but the Future Is Global

Transnational Mobility as Partial Exit: Mobility and Society

Transnational Mobility as a New Cleavage Among the Upper-Middle Classes

Globalisation and Selective Rootedness, Not Cosmopolitan Versus Locals: Managers Settled Among Families and Friends

What Do We Learn from the Comparison?

The Future of Urban Europeans?

Bibliography

Methodological Appendix

How Managers Were Selected

Chapter 3

Chapter 4: Sample of the Occupations to Construct the Status Generator Table

Resource Generator Technique

Questionnaire: Urban Upper-Middle Classes

Professional Trajectory and Current Employment

Residential Trajectory

Networks

Practices

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Questionnaire: Urban Upper-Middle Classes

Table 1 Neighbours mentioned

Table 2 Friends

Chapter 01

Table 1.1 Percentages of managers among total employed individuals 2010

Table 1.2 Neighbourhood selection

Table 1.3 Main socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the respondents by city (%)

Table 1.4 Perceptions of globalisation (%)

Table 1.5 Attitudes towards reforms (%)

Table 1.6 Attitudes towards the public sector (%)

Table 1.7 Participation in political activities (%)

Table 1.8 Attitudes towards key social values (%)

Table 1.9 Attitudes towards immigration (%)

Table 1.10 Primary identities at the territorial level (%)

Table 1.11 Feeling of being national and/or European (%)

Table 1.12 Trust in European institutions (%)

Table 1.13 Trust in international institutions (%)

Chapter 02

Table 2.1 Respondents born in the same metropolitan area (%)

Table 2.2 Respondents according to the length of residence in the neighbourhood (%)

Table 2.3 Ownership of secondary residences (%)

Table 2.4 Factors considered by managers when choosing an area of residence (%)

Table 2.5 Type of dwelling and use of car to travel to work among our informants (%)

Table 2.6 Participation in associations at the neighbourhood level (%)

Table 2.7 Use of public facilities (%)

Table 2.8 Going out and using private services (previous month) (%)

Chapter 03

Table 3.1 Percentages of respondents with more than 6 months’ foreign experience by sex and city

Table 3.2 Managers with experience abroad by place of birth and city (%)

Table 3.3 Respondents available to move abroad by sex and city (%)

Table 3.4 Number of professional trips abroad by respondents’ sex and city (%)

Table 3.5 Number of leisure trips abroad by respondents’ sex and city (%)

Table 3.6 Number of foreign cities well known to respondents by city (%)

Table 3.7 Respondents positions on transnationalism and rootedness indexes by city (%)

Chapter 04

Table 4.1 Proportion of managers in each city who know a person of the occupation listed, and the relation between them

Table 4.2 Proportion of managers in each city who can obtain help of specific types from social network members, and the relation between them

Table 4.3 Origins of partners (%)

Table 4.4 Place of residence of parents and siblings in relation to the respondents (%)

Table 4.5 Respondents in different kinds of association (%)

List of Illustrations

Chapter 01

Figure 1.1 Locations of the four neighbourhoods of Madrid included in the research.

Figure 1.2 Locations of the four neighbourhoods of Milan.

Figure 1.3 Locations of the four neighbourhoods of Lyon.

Figure 1.4 Locations of the four neighbourhoods of Paris.

Chapter 03

Figure 3.1 Transnational indicators.

Figure 3.2 Map of well-known cities according to Milanese managers.

Figure 3.3 Map of well-known cities according to Madrilenian respondents.

Figure 3.4 Map of well-known cities according to Lyonnais respondents.

Figure 3.5 Map of well-known cities according to Parisian respondents.

Figure 3.6 Visual representation of managers’ transnational practices.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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‘This book bravely takes on some of the key issues agitating sociology – the value of classical sociological categories in a more transnational, mobile and cosmopolitan urban word; the socio-spatial consequences of recent transformations in capitalism; and the continued relevance, or not, of historical trajectories. The result is a wonderful, well researched, scholarly addition to these literatures that finally brings them all together. The book demonstrates the real value of deep empirical investigation in dislodging a priori but pervasive representations of class in the city.’

— Loretta Lees, Professor of Human Geography, University of Leicester

‘This brilliant book is a much needed contribution, as it moves ongoing conversations about globalization and its effects to a whole new level of theoretical sophistication and empirical rigor. Through a meticulous and detailed examination of evidence, the authors reveal how and to what extent the European upper middle class has become transnational (the answer: less than predicted by speculating social theorists). This powerful contribution will certainly leave its mark on the study of contemporary inequality, transnationalism, spatial transformations, and social change in European societies.’

— Michele Lamont, Harvard University

‘Many social theorists have become enamoured with the idea that a global capitalist class has emerged and with it, a new global society. The agents of this process are assumed to live nowhere and have allegiance to no one but themselves. This wonderful book skewers these arguments by actually talking to people who appear to be this vanguard (managers having lived and worked abroad in four European cities) and reporting how they feel, act, and think, about the places where they live. Suffice it to say, the evidence for these broad claims is lacking. The image one gets is of a European upper middle class, one whose transnationalism is restricted in time and space to Europe. As such, their values and behavior are similar to middle class people everywhere. They like the variety and tradition of the places they live and want to preserve it, but at the same time value the freedom of modern life whereby people can pursue opportunity and live enlightened lives.’

— Neil Fligstein, Department of Sociology, University of California

‘This stunning comparative study offers the most sensitive and systematic analysis yet of the ongoing role of the city in the hearts and minds of the European upper middle classes. In refuting simplistic arguments about the rise of global mobility, it demonstrates the appeal of the urban in the lives of privileged social groups. A compelling analysis which must be read by all urban scholars and all those interested in class and inequality.’

— Mike Savage, Martin White Professor of Sociology, Head of Department, LSE

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a

Out of print

Globalised Minds, Roots in the City

Urban Upper-Middle Classes in Europe

Alberta Andreotti,

Patrick Le Galès and

Francisco Javier Moreno-Fuentes

This edition first published 2015© 2015 Alberta Andreotti, Patrick Le Galès and Francisco Javier Moreno-Fuentes

Registered OfficeJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Andreotti, Alberta.Globalised minds, roots in the city : urban upper-middle classes in Europe / Alberta Andreotti, Patrick Le Galès and Francisco Javier Moreno-Fuentes.  pages cm -- (Studies in urban and social change) Includes bibliographical references and index.

 ISBN 978-1-4443-3484-5 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4443-3485-2 (paper) 1. Upper class--Europe. 2. Middle class--Europe. 3. Professional employees–Europe. 4. Executives--Europe. I. Le Galès, Patrick. II. Moreno Fuentes, Francisco Javier. III. Title.  HN380.Z9S6135 2015 305.5′2094--dc23    2014031689

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: Paris seen from the plane, France, © Mikadun / Shutterstock

Series Editors’ Preface

The Wiley Blackwell Studies in Urban and Social Change series is published in association with the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. It aims to advance theoretical debates and empirical analyses stimulated by changes in the fortunes of cities and regions across the world. Among topics taken up in past volumes and welcomed for future submissions are:

connections between economic restructuring and urban change;

urban divisions, difference and diversity;

convergence and divergence among regions east and west, north and south;

urban and environmental movements;

international migration and capital flows;

trends in urban political economy;

patterns of urban-based consumption.

The series is explicitly interdisciplinary; the editors judge books by their contribution to intellectual solutions rather than according to disciplinary origin. Proposals may be submitted to members of the series Editorial Committee, and further information about the series can be found at www.suscbookseries.com.

Jenny Robinson, Manuel Aalbers, Dorothee Brantz, Patrick Le Galès, Chris Pickvance, Ananya Roy and Fulong Wu

Preface

Comparative research is a fascinating endeavour, but it takes time to get funding, to work on categories, to understand each other’s societies, to design a common questionnaire, to deal with the interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data in four cities in three countries, to visit and gain an understanding of 16 neighbourhoods, and to write with six hands in a common language that is not the mother tongue of any of us. With these preemptive justifications, we can see how the research and the book took eight years to be finished.

The research started at Sciences Po when Alberta Andreotti and Francisco Javier Moreno Fuentes spent some time as post-docs within the European Research and Training Network UrbEurope financed by the EU. It was led by Enzo Mingione and Yuri Kazepov and brought together seven universities. Enzo and Yuri have always encouraged us during the research and drafting of the book, providing critical comments at different stages of the process.