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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Explore every nook and cranny of the Android OS to modify your device and guard it against security threats
About This Book
- Understand and counteract against offensive security threats to your applications
- Maximize your device's power and potential to suit your needs and curiosity
- See exactly how your smartphone's OS is put together (and where the seams are)
Who This Book Is For
This book is for anyone who wants to learn about Android security. Software developers, QA professionals, and beginner- to intermediate-level security professionals will find this book helpful. Basic knowledge of Android programming would be a plus.
What You Will Learn
- Acquaint yourself with the fundamental building blocks of Android Apps in the right way
- Pentest Android apps and perform various attacks in the real world using real case studies
- Take a look at how your personal data can be stolen by malicious attackers
- Understand the offensive maneuvers that hackers use
- Discover how to defend against threats
- Get to know the basic concepts of Android rooting
- See how developers make mistakes that allow attackers to steal data from phones
- Grasp ways to secure your Android apps and devices
- Find out how remote attacks are possible on Android devices
In Detail
With the mass explosion of Android mobile phones in the world, mobile devices have become an integral part of our everyday lives. Security of Android devices is a broad subject that should be part of our everyday lives to defend against ever-growing smartphone attacks. Everyone, starting with end users all the way up to developers and security professionals should care about android security.
Hacking Android is a step-by-step guide that will get you started with Android security. You'll begin your journey at the absolute basics, and then will slowly gear up to the concepts of Android rooting, application security assessments, malware, infecting APK files, and fuzzing. On this journey you'll get to grips with various tools and techniques that can be used in your everyday pentests. You'll gain the skills necessary to perform Android application vulnerability assessment and penetration testing and will create an Android pentesting lab.
Style and approach
This comprehensive guide takes a step-by-step approach and is explained in a conversational and easy-to-follow style. Each topic is explained sequentially in the process of performing a successful penetration test. We also include detailed explanations as well as screenshots of the basic and advanced concepts.
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Seitenzahl: 278
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
Hacking Android
Hacking Android
Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: July 2016
Production reference: 1250716
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78588-314-9
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Credits
Authors
Srinivasa Rao Kotipalli
Mohammed A. Imran
Reviewer
Guangwei Feng
Commissioning Editor
Edward Gordon
Acquisition Editor
Divya Poojari
Content Development Editor
Trusha Shriyan
Technical Editor
Nirant Carvalho
Copy Editors
Safis Editing
Madhusudan Uchil
Project Coordinator
Kinjal Bari
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Graphics
Kirk D'Penha
Production Coordinator
Arvindkumar Gupta
Cover Work
Arvindkumar Gupta
About the Authors
Srinivasa Rao Kotipalli (@srini0x00) is a security researcher from India. He has extensive hands-on experience in performing web application, infrastructure, and mobile security assessments. He worked as a security consultant at Tata Consultancy Services India for two and a half years and later joined a start-up in Malaysia. He has delivered training sessions on web, infrastructure, and mobile penetration testing for organizations across the world, in countries such as India, Malaysia, Brunei, and Vietnam. Through responsible disclosure programs, he has reported vulnerabilities in many top-notch organizations. He holds a bachelor's degree in information technology and is OSCP certified. He blogs at www.androidpentesting.com and www.infosecinstitute.com.
First and foremost I would like to thank my family members for their support and encouragement while writing this book. This would never have happened without their support.
Many thanks to my special friends Sai Satish, Sarath Chandra, Abhijeth, Rahul Venati, Appanna K, Prathapareddy for always being with me right from the beginning of my career.
Special thanks to Dr. G.P.S. Varma, principal of S.R.K.R Engineering College, Mr. Sagi Maniraju, Mr. G. Narasimha Raju, Mr. B.V.D.S Sekhar, Mr. S RamGopalReddy, Mr. Kishore Raju and all the staff members of S.R.K.R, Information Technology Department for their wonderful support and guidance during my graduation.
Huge thanks to Mr. Prasad Badiganti for being my mentor and tuning me into a true professional with his valuable suggestions.
Last but not the least, thanks to the Packt Publishing team especially Divya, Trusha & Nirant for helping us in every way possible to get this book to this stage.
Mohammed A. Imran (@secfigo) is an experienced application security engineer and the founder of null Singapore and null Hyderabad. With more than 6 years of experience in product security and consulting, he spends most of his time on penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, and source code reviews of web and mobile applications. He has helped telecom, banking, and software development houses create and maintain secure SDLC programs. He has also created and delivered training on application security and secure coding practices to students, enterprises, and government organizations. He holds a master's degree in computer science and is actively involved in the information security community and organizes meetups regularly.
First and foremost, I want to thank my parents for all their love and support during all these years. I want to thank my beautiful wife for bringing joy in my life and for being patient with all my side projects. I also want to thank my siblings Irfan, Fauzan, Sam and Sana for being the best siblings ever.
About the Reviewer
Guangwei Feng is a mobile developer at Douban (https://www.douban.com/) in Beijing. He holds a master's in information technology from University of Sydney and a BE from Nankai University (Tianjin). He is a part of the Douban app (social), Douban Dongxi app (online shopping), and TWS for Douban FM (wearable) projects. Out of these, the Douban app has been downloaded over 10 million times and has become one of the most popular apps in China.
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Preface
Mobile security is one of the hottest topics today. Android being the leading mobile operating system in the market, it has a huge user base, and lots of personal as well as business data is being stored on Android mobile devices. Mobile devices are now sources of entertainment, business, personal life, and new risks. Attacks targeting mobile devices and apps are on the rise. Android, being the platform with the largest consumer base, is the obvious primary target for attackers. This book will provide insights into various attack techniques in order to help developers and penetration testers as well as end users understand Android security fundamentals.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Setting Up the Lab, is an essential part of this book. This chapter will guide you to setting up a lab with all the tools that are required to follow the rest of the chapters in the book. This chapter is an essential part of the book for those who are new to Android security. It will help you build an arsenal of tools required for Android security at one place.
Chapter 2, Android Rooting, provides an introduction to the techniques typically used to root Android devices. This chapter discusses the basics of rooting and its pros and cons. Then, we shall move into topics such as the Android partition layout, boot loaders, and boot loader unlocking techniques. This chapter acts a guide for those who want to root their devices and want know the ins and outs of rooting concepts.
Chapter 3, Fundamental Building Blocks of Android Apps provides an overview of Android app internals. It is essential to understand how apps are being built under the hood, what they look like when installed on a device, how they are run, and so on. This is exactly what this chapter covers.
Chapter 4, Overview of Attacking Android Apps, provides an overview of the attack surface of Android. It discusses possible attacks on Android apps, devices, and other components in the application architecture. Essentially, this chapter lets you build a simple threat model for a traditional application that communicates with databases over the network. It is essential to understand what the possible threats that an application may come across are in order to understand what to test during a penetration test. This chapter is a high-level overview and contains fewer technical details.
Chapter 5, Data Storage and Its Security, provides an introduction to the techniques typically used to assess the data storage security of Android applications. Data storage is one of the most important elements of Android app development. This chapter begins with discussing different techniques used by developers to store data locally and how they can affect security. Then, we shall look into the security implications of the data storage choices made by developers.
Chapter 6, Server-Side Attacks, provides an overview of the attack surface of Android apps from the server side. This chapter will discuss the attacks possible on Android app backends. This chapter is a high-level overview and contains fewer technical details, as most server-side vulnerabilities are related to web attacks, which have been covered extensively in the OWASP testing and developer guides.
Chapter 7, Client-Side Attacks – Static Analysis Techniques, covers various client-side attacks from a static application security testing (SAST) viewpoint. Static analysis is a common technique of identifying vulnerabilities in Android apps caused due to the ease availability of reversing tools for Android. This chapter also discusses some automated tools available for static analysis of Android applications.
Chapter 8, Client Side Attacks – Dynamic Analysis Techniques, covers some common tools and techniques to assess and exploit client-side vulnerabilities in Android applications using dynamic application security testing (DAST). This chapter will also discuss tools such as Xposed and Frida that are used to manipulate application flow during runtime.
Chapter 9, Android Malware, provides an introduction to the fundamental techniques typically used in creating and analyzing Android malware. The chapter begins with introducing the characteristics of traditional Android malware. This chapter also discusses how to develop a simple piece of malware that gives an attacker a reverse shell on the infected phone. Finally, the chapter discusses Android malware analysis techniques.
Chapter 10, Attacks on Android Devices This chapter is an attempt to help users secure themselves from attackers while performing everyday operations, such as connecting their smartphones to free Wi-Fi access points at coffee shops and airports. This chapter also discusses why it is dangerous to root Android devices and install unknown applications.
What you need for this book
In order to get hands-on experience while reading this book, you need the following software. Download links and installation steps are shown later in the book.
Who this book is for
This book is for anyone who wants to learn about Android security. Software developers, QA professionals, and beginner- to intermediate-level security professionals will find this book helpful. Basic knowledge of Android programming would be a plus.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "Let us first delete the test.txt file from the current directory."
A block of code is set as follows:
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "Finally, give your AVD a name and click Finish."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Questions
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Chapter 1. Setting Up the Lab
In this chapter, we will set up a lab with all the tools that are required for the rest of the book. This first chapter is an essential part of the book for those who are new to Android security. It will help us to have an arsenal of tools required for Android security in one place. These are some of the major topics that we will discuss in this chapter:
Installing the required tools
This section explains the tools required for the rest of the chapters. We will start with setting up Android Studio, which is required for developing Android apps, and then move on to creating anAndroid Virtual Device (AVD). Finally, we will install the necessary tools to assess the security of Android devices and apps. Most of the installation steps shown here are for the Windows platform. If tools are used on other platforms, it will be mentioned explicitly.
Java
Java is one of the necessary dependencies for some of the tools, such as Android Studio and Burp Suite. So, download and install Java from the following link:
https://java.com/en/download/
The following are the steps to install Java:
That finishes our first installation in this book.
Android Studio
The next tool to be installed is Android Studio. Android Studio is the official IDE for Android application development, based on IntelliJ IDEA. Eclipse used to be the IDE for Android Application development before Android Studio was introduced. Android Studio was in early access preview stage, starting with version 0.1 in May 2013, and then entered beta stage starting with version 0.8, which was released in June 2014. The first stable build was released in December 2014, starting with version 1.0.
Download and install Android Studio from the following link:
https://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
This window shows us the options for the tools to be installed. It is suggested you check all of them to install Android SDK, Android Virtual Device, and Intel@HAXM, which is used for hardware acceleration and necessary to run x86-based emulators with Android Studio.
Agree to the License Agreement and proceed with the installation:Choose the installation location for Android Studio and the Android SDK. If you don't have any specific choices, leave them to the default values. Please keep a note of the location of your Android SDK to add it to your system environment variables, so that we can access tools such as adb, sqlite3 client, and so on from anywhere on the command prompt:Allocate the RAM based on your available system memory; however, a minimum of 2 GB is recommended:The following step allows us to choose the name for Android Studio in the start menu. Again, you can leave it to the default value if you don't have any specific choice:Continue the installation by clicking Next till the following screen appears. This finishes our Android Studio installation:When you click Finish in the preceding window, the following screen will be shown. If you have installed an older version of Android Studio, choose its location to import your previous settings. If this is a fresh installation on this machine, choose I do not have a previous version of Studio or I do not want to import my settings:Clicking the OK button will start Android Studio, as shown here:Once it is loaded, we will be greeted with a window, where we need to choose the UI theme. Select one of the themes and click Next.Clicking Next in the previous window will download the latest SDK components and the emulator, as shown in the following screenshot:Finally, click Finish and you should be greeted with the following window. This completes our installation:To create a new sample application, click Start a new Android Studio project:Choose a name for your app under Application name. Let's name it HelloWorld. Also choose a sample company domain name. Let's name it test.com. Leave the other options to their defaults and click Next:The following screen shows the Minimum SDK version for our app. We choose to make it API Level 15, as it supports a higher number of devices:Select a Blank Activity, as shown here, and click Next:You can choose a name for your activity if you wish. We will leave the options to their defaults:Finally, click Finish to complete the setup. It will take some time to initialize the emulator and build our first Hello World app:Wait for all initialization to finish when you see the previous screen. In future chapters, we will see how this app is compiled and run in an emulator.
Setting up an AVD
To get hands-on experience of most of the concepts in this book, readers must have an emulator or a real Android device (preferably a rooted device) up and running. So, let's see how to create an emulator using the setup we have from the previous installation:
Note
SDK Manager helps us to manage all system images and SDKs installed on the system.
When it's ready, you should see an emulator, as shown here:
Real device
It is recommended you have a real device along with an emulator to follow some of the concepts shown in this book.
The authors have used the following device for some of their demonstrations with real devices: Sony Xperia model c1504, rooted:
Apktool
Apktool is one of the most important tools that must be included in an Android penetration tester's arsenal. We will use this tool later for Android application reverse engineering, and for creating malware by infecting legitimate apps.
Download the latest version of Apktool from the following link (please download Apktool 2.0.2 or later to avoid some issues that exist in older versions):
http://ibotpeaches.github.io/Apktool/
We downloaded and saved it in the C:\APKTOOL directory, as shown in the following screenshot:
Now, we can go ahead and launch Apktool, using the following command to see the available options:
This completes the setup of Apktool. We will explore Apktool further in future chapters.
Dex2jar/JD-GUI
Dex2jar and JD-GUI are two different tools that are often used for reverse engineering Android apps. Dex2jar converts .dex files to .jar. JD-GUI is a Java decompiler that can decompile .jar files to the original Java source.
Download both the tools from the links provided. No installation is required for these tools, as they are executables:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/dex2jar/
http://jd.benow.ca
Burp Suite
Burp Suite is without a doubt one of the most important tools for any penetration testing engagement. Android apps are not an exemption. This section shows how we can set up Burp Suite to view the HTTP traffic from an emulator:
http://portswigger.net/burp/download.html
To launch Burp Suite, double-click on the downloaded file, or simply run the following command, assuming that the downloaded file is in the current working directory:The preceding command launches Burp Suite and you should see the following screen:Now we need to configure Burp by navigating to Proxy | Options. The default configuration looks like this:We have to click the Edit button to check the Invisible option. We can do this by clicking the Edit button, navigating to Request handling and then checking Support invisible proxying (enable only if needed). This is shown in the following figure:Now, let's start our emulator in order to configure it to send its traffic through Burp Suite.Configuring the AVD
Now the AVD has to be configured in such a way that traffic from the device goes through the proxy:
The following figure shows the IP address of the workstation. This is required to configure the AVD:
Enter the IP address of the system here:After entering the IP address of the system, enter the port number, 8080, as shown here:Once this is done, all the HTTP traffic from the device will be sent via the Burp proxy on your machine. We will make use of this setup extensively when we discuss weak server-side controls.
Drozer
Drozer is a tool used for automated Android app assessments. The following are the steps to get Drozer up and running.
Prerequisites
Following are the requirements for setting up:
https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/products/drozer/community-edition/
Download the appropriate version of Drozer if you are working with a different setup than what we are using in this book.After downloading, run the Drozer installer. Installation uses the usual Windows installation wizard, as shown here:Click Next and choose the destination location for Drozer installation: As shown in the preceding screenshot, the default location is C:\drozer
