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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Unlock the potential of evergreen browsers and increase the efficiency of your ASP.NET applications by learning how to write JavaScript
About This Book
- Boost your skillset and start bringing JavaScript into your web development projects
- Leverage your existing ASP.NET knowledge to develop dynamic and responsive SPAs
- Learn effective design patterns for sustainable, and scalable web development
Who This Book Is For
This book is for ASP.NET developers that want to bring JavaScript into their skillset to build applications that are truly dynamic and responsive. It's for developers who are focused on developing for users who want to deliver a great end product and a fantastic experience.
What You Will Learn
- Get to grips with the basic to advanced concepts of JavaScript
- Learn how to use JavaScript on server side using Node.js
- Develop web applications in ASP.NET using JavaScript
- Get to know with industry-wide best practices and design patterns that provide maintainability and scalability
- Build an ASP.NET application using Angular 2 with TypeScript and Web API
- Explore WinJS and see how to use mobile capabilities from web applications
- Use JavaScript to develop scalable ASP.NET applications
- See how to test and debug JavaScript
In Detail
If you want to improve responsiveness or the UX in your ASP.NET applications, JavaScript can be a life saver. In an age where server-side operations have shifted to the client, being able to handle JavaScript with confidence and fluency is vital for ASP.NET developers. There's no point trying to fight it, so start learning with this book. Make sure your projects exceed user expectations.
Begin by getting stuck into the basics of JavaScript, and explore the language in the context of ASP.NET Core. You'll then find out how to put the principles into practice, as you learn how to develop a basic ASP.NET application using Angular 2 and TypeScript. You'll also develop essential skills required to develop responsive apps, with a little help from AJAX, ensuring that you're building projects that can be easily accessed across different devices.
With guidance on Node.js and some neat techniques to test and debug a range of JavaScript libraries in Visual Studio, you'll soon be well on your way to combining JavaScript with ASP.NET in a way that's capable of meeting the challenges of modern web development head-on.
Style and approach
This book will build the skillset of every .NET developer, so they can build stronger and more responsive web apps with confidence.
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Seitenzahl: 382
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
JavaScript for .NET Developers
JavaScript for .NET Developers
Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: July 2016
Production reference: 1260716
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78588-646-1
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Author
Ovais Mehboob Ahmed Khan
Reviewer
Nicholas Suter
Commissioning Editor
Edward Gordon
Acquisition Editor
Nitin Dasan
Content Development Editor
Deepti Thore
Technical Editors
Pranil Pathare
Deepti Tuscano
Copy Editor
Vibha Shukla
Project Coordinator
Shweta H Birwatkar
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Mariammal Chettiyar
Graphics
Disha Haria
Production Coordinator
Nilesh Mohite
Cover Work
Nilesh Mohite
About the Author
Ovais Mehboob Ahmed Khan is a seasoned programmer and solution architect with more than 13 years of software development experience. He has worked in different organizations across Pakistan, the USA, and the Middle East. Currently, he is working for a government entity based in Dubai, and also provides consultancy services to a Microsoft gold partner firm based in New Jersey.
He is a Microsoft MVP in Visual Studio and Development Technologies and specializes mainly in Microsoft .NET and web development. He has authored numerous technical articles on different websites such as MSDN, TechNet, DZone, and personal blog at http://ovaismehboob.wordpress.com.
He is an active speaker and group leader of Microsoft Developers UAE Meetup, Microsoft Technology Practices, and Developers and Enterprise Practices user groups, and has presented various technical sessions in different events and conferences.
In short, Ovais is a passionate developer who is always interested in learning new technologies. He can be reached at <[email protected]> and on Twitter, @ovaismehboob.
I would like to thank my family for supporting. Especially my mother, wife, and brother, who have always encouraged me in every goal of my life. My father, may he rest in peace, would have been proud of my achievements.
About the Reviewer
Nicholas Suter is a .NET software craftsman, focused on patterns, practices, and quality development in a Microsoft environment. He has been nominated for Microsoft .NET MVP since 2014.
He works for Cellenza, a French agile consulting company based in Paris, where he leads, trains, and audits teams more on technical matters than team practices.
He wrote a book in 2013 on web development called Visual Studio 2013, Concevoir et développer des projets Web, les gérer avec TFS 2013, (French) for ENI Editions, and reviewed Entity Framework Tutorial, Second Edition, for Packt Publishing in 2015.
www.PacktPub.com
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Preface
This is a book about the JavaScript programming language, and is targeted at .NET developers who want to develop responsive web applications using popular client-side JavaScript-based frameworks and create a rich user experience. It is also intended for programmers who have a basic knowledge of the JavaScript programming language and wanted to learn some core and advanced concepts followed by some industry-wide best practices and patterns to structure and design web applications.
This book starts with the basics of JavaScript and helps the reader to gain knowledge about the core concepts and then proceeds towards some advanced topics. There is a chapter that primarily focuses on the jQuery library, which is widely used throughout web application development, followed by a chapter on Ajax techniques that help developers to understand how asynchronous requests can be made. This is followed by the options to make requests either through the plain vanilla JavaScript XHR object or through the jQuery library. There is also a chapter that develops a complete application using Angular 2 and ASP.NET Core, and introduces TypeScript, a superset of JavaScript that supports the latest and evolving features of ECMAScript 2015. We will also explore the Windows JavaScript (WinJS) library to develop Windows applications using JavaScript and HTML and use this library to bring Windows behavior, look, and feel to ASP.NET web applications. There is a complete chapter on Node.js that helps developers to learn how powerful the JavaScript language is on the server side, followed by a chapter on using JavaScript in a large-scale project. Finally, this book will end with a chapter about testing and debugging and discuss what testing suites and debugging techniques are there to troubleshoot and make an application robust.
This book has some very dense topics that require full concentration, hence is ideal for someone having some prior knowledge. All the chapters are related to JavaScript and work around JavaScript frameworks and libraries to build rich web applications. With this book, the reader will get the end-to-end knowledge about the JavaScript language and its frameworks and libraries built on top of it, followed by the techniques to test and troubleshoot the JavaScript code.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, JavaScript for Modern Web Applications, focuses on the basic concepts of JavaScript that involve declaration of variables, datatypes, implementing arrays, expressions, operators, and functions. We will write simple programs in JavaScript using Visual Studio 2015, and see what this IDE offers for writing JavaScript programs. We will also study how JavaScript code can be written and compare the .NET runtime with the JavaScript runtime to clarify the execution cycle of code-compilation process.
Chapter 2, Advanced JavaScript Concepts, covers the advanced concepts of JavaScript and gives developers an insight into the JavaScript language. It will show the extent to which the JavaScript language can be used as far as features are concerned. We will discuss variables hoisting and their scope, property descriptors, object-oriented programming, closures, typed arrays, and exception handling.
Chapter 3, Using jQuery in ASP.NET, discusses jQuery and how to use it in web applications developed in ASP.NET Core. We will discuss the options jQuery provides and the advantages it has when comparing it with the plain vanilla JavaScript for manipulating DOM elements, attaching events, and performing complex operations.
Chapter 4, Ajax Techniques, discusses the techniques of making asynchronous requests known as Ajax requests. We will explore the core concepts of using the XMLHttpRequest (XHR) object and study the basic architecture of how Ajax request is processed and the events and methods it provides. On the other hand, we will also explore what the jQuery library provides in comparison with the plain XHR object.
Chapter 5, Developing an ASP.NET Application Using Angular 2 and Web API, teaches the basic concepts of TypeScript and uses it with Angular 2. We will develop a simple application in ASP.NET Core using Angular 2 as a frontend client-side framework, Web API for backend services, and Entity Framework Core for database persistence. At the time of writing, Angular 2 was in a beta version, and we have used the beta version in this chapter. With the future releases of Angular 2, there are chances of having some changes in the framework, but the basic concepts will almost be the same. For future updates, you can refer to http://angular.io/.
Chapter 6, Exploring the WinJS Library, explores the Microsoft developed WinJS library, which is a JavaScript library to not only develop Windows applications using JavaScript and HTML, but also use it with ASP.NET and other web frameworks. We will discuss the core concepts of defining classes, namespaces, deriving classes, mixins, and promises. We will also look into the data-binding techniques and how to use Windows controls or specific attributes in HTML elements to change the behaviour, look, and feel of the control. Moreover, we will end up using the WinRT API to access a device's camera in our web application and discuss the concepts of a Hosted app through which any web application can be transformed into a Windows application using a Universal Window template in Visual Studio 2015.
Chapter 7, JavaScript Design Patterns, shows that design patterns provide efficient solutions to software design. We will discuss some of the industry-wide best design patterns spread into creational, structural, and behavioral categories. Each category will be covering four types of design patterns that can be used and implemented using JavaScript to solve a particular design problem.
Chapter 8, Node.js for ASP.NET Developers, focuses on the basics of Node.js and how to use it to develop server-side applications using JavaScript. In this chapter, we will discuss view engines such as EJS and Jade and the use of controllers and services to implement the MVC pattern. Moreover, we will end this chapter by performing some examples of accessing a Microsoft SQL Server database to perform, create, and retrieve operations on a database.
Chapter 9, Using JavaScript for Large-Scale Projects, provides best practices of using JavaScript for large-scale applications. We will discuss how to structure our JavaScript-based projects by splitting them into modules to increase the scalability and maintainability. We will see how effectively we can use the Mediator pattern to provide communication between modules and the documentation frameworks that increase the maintainability of your JavaScript code. Finally, we will discuss how the application can be optimized by compressing and merging JavaScript files into a minified version and increase performance.
Chapter 10, Testing and Debugging JavaScript, focuses on the testing and debugging JavaScript applications. We will discuss one of the most popular testing suites of JavaScript code known as Jasmine, and use it with Karma to run the test cases. For debugging, we will discuss some tips and techniques to debug JavaScript with Visual Studio and what Microsoft Edge offers to make debugging easy. In the end, we will study the basic concepts of how Microsoft Edge enables debugging for TypeScript files and the configuration needed to achieve it.
What you need for this book
Throughout the book, we will be using Visual Studio 2015 to practice examples. For the server-side technology, we have used ASP.NET Core for web application development, and used JavaScript on top of it. In Chapter 8, Node.js for ASP.NET Developers, we used Node.js to show how JavaScript can be used on the server side. For Node.js, we will require some extensions for Visual Studio 2015 to be installed, and the details are specified in the chapter.
Who this book is for
This book is targeted at .NET developers who have solid programming experience in ASP.NET Core. Throughout this book, we have used ASP.NET Core for web development and assumed that developers have thorough knowledge or working experience in .NET Core and ASP.NET Core.
Conventions
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Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "JavaScript can be placed in the <head> or <body> sections of your HTML page."
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New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "When the page loads, it will show the pop-up message and a text as This is a simple text."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Chapter 1. JavaScript for Modern Web Applications
The growth in web development evolved with a rapid pace in recent years. Most of the business applications that developed on a desktop platform are now shifted to the web platform, and the reason is the ease of access and continuous addition of rich capabilities on the web platform. Typically, any web application that provides the characteristics of the desktop applications is considered as rich web application. Thus, it involves extensive use of JavaScript and its frameworks and libraries.
JavaScript plays an important role in developing rich applications and allows developers to do less server-side post-backs and call server-side functions through ajaxified requests. Not only this, but now many companies and communities are developing good frameworks such as Angular, Knockout, ReactJS, and so on to bring state-of-the-art and groundbreaking capabilities. Microsoft has also released the WinJS library to access mobile native device features such as camera, storage, and so on from a web application running on mobile browsers. myNFC is also a great JavaScript library that allows developers to create applications for smartphones.
Importance of JavaScript
All the client-side frameworks are based on JavaScript. Being an ASP.NET developer, we should have solid concepts of JavaScript before using or integrating them in our applications. JavaScript is the client-side scripting language and one of the most popular programming languages of all times that run on top of a browser. When working on a web development project, this language serves you in many better ways to make user interface (UI) responsive. With JavaScript, you can manipulate HTML page Document Object Model (DOM) elements, call server-side code through ajaxified requests and bring new rich experience to your customers. There are many innovations being done at the core JavaScript library, and different frameworks and various libraries have been developed.
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a programming language created in 1995 by Brenden Eich. Initially, it was only supported by Netscape Browser, but later they decided to release a standard known as ECMA specification to let other browsers implement and provide engines to execute JavaScript on their browsers. The reason for providing the standard is to have the complete specification details for the party to follow and provide consistent behavior.
Earlier it was only targeted to execute on browsers and perform client-side operations that work with HTML pages and provide features such as manipulating DOM elements and defining event handlers and other functionalities. Later, and in recent years, it has become a powerful language and not only bounded to the client-side operations. With Node.js, we can use JavaScript on server side and there are various modules and plugins provided by Node to perform I/O operations, server-side events, and more.
Comparing runtimes
As this book is targeted for .NET developers, let's compare the JavaScript runtime with .NET runtime. There are a few things in common, but the basic runtime is different.
In .NET, Common Language Runtime (CLR) does the just-in-time (JIT) compilation on the code that is running and provides memory management. JIT compilation is done on the Intermediate Language (IL) code that is generated once you build your project.
In the JavaScript world, browser engine is the runtime for the JavaScript language. Every browser interprets JavaScript in its own way, but follows the ECMA scripting standards. Different browsers have different implementations, for example, Microsoft Edge uses Chakra engine, Chrome uses V8, and Firefox has Monkey engines. Initially, JavaScript was implemented as an interpreted language, but few modern browsers now perform JIT compilation. Every engine provides a set of services such as memory management, compilation, and processing.
The following diagram shows the comparison between both the architectures:
The JavaScript parser parses and tokenizes the JavaScript code into a syntax tree. All the browsers, except Google V8, parse the syntax tree and generate a bytecode that finally converts into a machine code through JIT compilation. On the other hand, Google V8 engine parses the syntax tree and instead of generating a bytecode first, it directly generates the machine code.
The .NET source code is compiled by its own language compiler, such as C# or VB.NET compiler and passes through the several stages of the compiler pipeline to generate an IL code. This IL code is then read by the JIT compiler that generates the native machine code.
Setting up your environment
Before going through this book, let's set up your environment. There are many renowned editors available in the market to create JavaScript projects such as Sublime Text, Komodo IDE, NetBeans, Eclipse, and more, but we will use Visual Studio 2015 that came up with some good improvements, helping developers to work on JavaScript in a better way than before.
To proceed, let's download and install Visual Studio 2015. You can download the Visual Studio 2015 community edition from https://www.visualstudio.com/, it's a free version and provides certain improvements as described in the following section.
New editing experience of JavaScript in Visual Studio 2015 IDE
The new Visual Studio 2015 IDE provides many rich features for developing web applications and various templates are available to create projects on different frameworks and application models. The earlier version already supported IntelliSense, colorization, and formatting but the new Visual Studio 2015 IDE has some more improvements that are as follows:
