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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
jQuery Mobile is an award winning, HTML5/CSS3 based open source cross-platform UI framework. It offers a very cool and highly customizable UX. It is built on the popular jQuery library and uses declarative coding making it easy to use and learn. It is the market leader today considering the numerous browsers and platforms that it supports."jQuery Mobile Cookbook" presents over a hundred recipes written in a simple and easy manner. You can quickly learn and start writing code immediately. Advanced topics such as using scripts to manipulate, customize, and extend the framework are also covered. These tips address your common everyday problems. The book is very handy for both beginner and experienced jQuery Mobile developers.You start by developing simple apps using various controls and learn to customize them. Later you explore using advanced aspects like configurations, events, and methods.Develop single and multi-page applications. Use caching to boost performance. Use custom transitions, icon sprites, styles, and themes. Learn advanced features like configurations, events, and methods. Explore future trends by using HTML5 new features and semantics with jQuery Mobile."jQuery Mobile Cookbook" is an easy read and is packed with practical tips and screenshots.
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Seitenzahl: 359
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012
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Table of Contents
jQuery Mobile Cookbook
jQuery Mobile Cookbook
Copyright © 2012 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: November 2012
Production Reference: 1011112
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-84951-722-5
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Cover Image by Abhishek Pandey (<[email protected]>)
Credits
Author
Chetan K Jain
Reviewers
Shaun Dunne
Ankit Garg
Yousef Jadallah
Acquisition Editor
Usha Iyer
Lead Technical Editor
Arun Nadar
Technical Editors
Kirti Puajri
Lubna Shaikh
Project Coordinator
Vishal Bodwani
Proofreader
Aaron Nash
Maria Gould
Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Production Coordinator
Arvindkumar Gupta
Cover Work
Arvindkumar Gupta
About the Author
Chetan K Jain loves to code, and has been writing code for over 16 years now. He is a Senior Architect, and has worked on mobile technologies for over 4 years for Nokia. Since then, he has moved on to work as a freelance consultant.
Chetan has significant experience in writing cross-platform mobile apps using jQuery Mobile, HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Nodejs, and has also worked extensively on Qt. Prior to mobile technologies, he has worked with Java technology and was also certified as an MCSD and MCSE in his early days.
Chetan is an active contributor to open source development, and tries to help jQuery Mobile development whenever he can. He regularly participates in developer forums, and was earlier a top-ranked member and a "mad scientist" in the Nokia Qt Developer Forum.
Chetan was born in Bangalore and lives there with his wife Shwetha and son Tanmay.
The only time he ventured to live away from Bangalore was when he worked for over 4 years in the USA. His adventure didn't end there. He did a solo US cross country drive in his two door coupe from the east coast to the west and back, driving alone for over 8000 plus miles in 16 days to experience and live life as he calls it. His travelogue can be found at http://adventure.chetankjain.net.
Chetan has contributed and published over 15 books to Gutenberg as a volunteer. He has also published four books on Jaina Literature and History written by his mother Saraswathamma. He is a voracious reader, and his other interests include music, movies, and travelling. Photography is his favorite hobby, and his clicks can be found at http://www.facebook.com/chetankjainphotos/photos_stream.
Chetan can be reached at <[email protected]>. He also blogs at http://dev.chetankjain.net.
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, my wife Shwetha and son Tanmay deserve full credit for the completion of this book. This book was possible only because of their understanding, support, and countless sacrifices. For days I would be unavailable, miss many family events, and yet they continued to shower me with all their love and affection.
I thank my parents, Mahendra Kumar Jaini and Saraswathamma, for their love, support, and for everything that I am today. I miss my father, but he is always there with me. My mother is my muse, and I follow her footsteps now as an author.
I have a very supportive sister Suma Jain and nephew Poojith Jain who never fail to pep me up. Ashwin Das, is family, and I enjoy bouncing all my ideas with him.
I thank my very close friend, Chidananda P, for all the help and support that he continues to give me. I thank my childhood friend Anand Rao for always being there as my buddy and for encouraging every project of mine.
My venture into mobile space has been very enjoyable. I thank all my former colleagues in Nokia—Prahalad Rao for being a great manager and for directly supporting me at work when I started this book, Sathish EV for all those initial reviews, Bhuwan Lodha for encouraging me to blog, Ashwin Das, Karthik S, Prasad S, Pavanesh, and Krishna KN for all the suggestions given. A very special thanks to Govind Ashrit, who actually urged me to write this book. Thank you guys!
I also thank Shaun Dunne, Ankit Garg, and Yousef Jadallah for reviewing the technical content of the book, and suggesting valuable changes and corrections.
Finally, I thank Packt Publishers and Usha Iyer for giving me this opportunity. My heartfelt thanks to my editors Vishal Bodwani, Arun Nadar, Kirti Pujari, and Lubna Shaikh for tirelessly reviewing my writing—multiple times, and giving me many valuable suggestions. You guys were just great!
About the Reviewers
Shaun Dunne is a Developer working for SapientNitro in London, UK, and has been coding since 2008 with a passion for JavaScript and all the front-end goodness. Working for a large agency over the past few years, Shaun has had the chance to use various web technologies to build large scale applications, and found a passion for getting other people excited about the web.
Shaun has been hacking the mobile web for a couple of years, trying and testing all the tools available and sharing his discoveries where he can, to ensure that others are aware of what is available to use and in what situation.
When he's not working or spending some family time with his kids, he can usually be found on the web, tinkering, blogging, and building things. He's currently working on his own book, a self-published title about SASS and Friends called UberCSS, which is due to be released in the winter of 2012.
Ankit Garg is a Front-End Developer at iGate Global Solutions. He likes to call himself a Mobile Web Application Developer, a JavaScript Developer, and a blogger.
He likes reading, practicing, and blogging new things in the Mobile Web and JavaScript space. If you would like to reach him, send him an e-mail to <[email protected]>.
Yousef J. Jadallah is a software developer. He has good hands-on experience of web and .NET technologies, such as ASP.NET, SQL Server, AJAX, ASP.NET AJAX, C#,VB.NET, jQuery Mobile, HTML5, Web Services, and REST.
He spends most of his leisure time helping the communities on Microsoft technologies, specifically in the Microsoft official forum. He is honored with the Microsoft Community Contributor Award - 2011 (CCA).
He is from Jordan. You can contact with him through his blog: http://weblogs.asp.net/yousefjadallah.
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To Shwetha and Tanmay, you fill my life with joy and wonder.
Preface
jQuery Mobile is an award winning, HTML5/CSS3-based open source, cross-platform UI framework. It offers a very cool and highly customizable UI. It is built on the popular jQuery library and uses declarative coding, making it easy to use and learn. It is the market leader today, considering the numerous browsers and platforms that it supports.
jQuery Mobile Cookbook presents over eighty recipes written in a simple and easy manner. You can quickly learn and start writing the code immediately. Advanced topics, such as using scripts to manipulate, customize, and extend the framework, are also covered. These tips address your common everyday problems. The book is very handy for both beginner and experienced jQuery Mobile developers.
You start by developing simple apps using various controls and learn to customize them. Later, you explore using advanced aspects, such as configurations, events, and methods.
Develop single and multi-page applications. Use caching to boost performance. Use custom transitions, icon sprites, styles, and themes. Learn advanced features, such as configurations, events, and methods. Explore the new features and semantics of HTML5 using it with jQuery Mobile.
jQuery Mobile Cookbook is an easy read, and is packed with practical tips and screenshots.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Get Rolling, begins with a brief introduction on what the jQuery Mobile framework is and what it can do for you. You will get to write your first jQuery Mobile cross-platform app here. You will also see how to use the online JSBin tool to develop and test your apps.
Chapter 2, Pages and Dialogs, here you will learn how to compare and use single page and multi-page template applications. You will learn various performance-enhancing techniques, such as prefetching and using the DOM cache to improve your page loading speed. You will create new custom transitions using JavaScript and CSS, and also learn to use page redirection for a login page. You will also create a custom styled dialog, and use the HTML5 History API to create your own custom pop up.
Chapter 3, Toolbars, here you will learn how to use fixed and full screen toolbars and how to persist your navigation links across pages. You will see how you can create and add custom round buttons, images, and a custom back button to the header, and a grid layout to the footer.
Chapter 4, Buttons and Content Formatting, here you will use JavaScript to dynamically create a button and assign an action to it. Then, you will learn how to use a custom icon, add a custom icon sprite, and finally replace the existing icon sprite provided by the jQuery Mobile framework. You will learn how to create nested accordions (collapsible sets), how to create a custom layout grid, and finally see how to format and display XML and JSON content in your app.
Chapter 5, Forms, shows you how to natively style forms, disable text controls, and group radio buttons into a multi-row grid. You will learn to customize a checkbox group, auto initialize select menus, and create dynamic flip switch and slider controls. You will also see how to validate and submit a form to a server using POST, and also how to fetch data using GET. Finally, you will learn how to create an accessible form.
Chapter 6, List Views, here you will learn how to use various list types and also customize them. You will use an inset list, custom number a list, and then create a read-only list. You will see how to format list content, use a split button, and an image icon list. You will also create a custom search filter for your list, and finally see how you can use JavaScript to modify a list.
Chapter 7, Configurations, shows you how to tweak, configure, and customize the various options and settings provided by the jQuery mobile framework. Configuring the active classes, enabling Ajax, auto initializing pages, configuring default transitions, customizing error and page loading messages, and using your own custom namespace are all covered along with a few more advanced configuration options.
Chapter 8, Events, shows you how to use the various events available in the framework. You will learn to use the orientation, scroll, touch, virtual mouse, and layout events along with the page initialization, page load, page change, and page remove events. You will also see how to use the page transition and animation events.
Chapter 9, Methods and Utilities, here you will see how to use the methods and utilities provided in the framework. The chapter runs through the methods provided by the framework and lists working recipes for each of these. You will see how to load a page, change a page, and also how to do silent scrolling.
Chapter 10, The Theme Framework, here you will learn how to theme a nested list, style button corners, and use custom backgrounds and fonts. You will explore how to override the global active state and override an existing swatch. Finally, you will use the ThemeRoller web tool to create and use your own swatch.
Chapter 11, HTML5 and jQuery Mobile, here you will see how to use various HTML5 features in your jQuery mobile app. You will explore some new HTML5 semantics, use the Application Cache to take your app offline, use Web Workers to see how asynchronous operations are done, and you will use web storage to store data using local and session storage. Then you will see how to draw in 2D using the Canvas, use SVG image and apply a Gaussian blur filter on it, track your device location using the Geolocation API, and finally see how to use audio and video in your app.
What you need for this book
To work with jQuery Mobile, all you need is just your favorite text editor to write the HTML code. You can then run this code in your favorite browser and launch your app on a wide variety of platforms and devices. The full and detailed list of supported platforms and devices is available at http://jquerymobile.com/gbs.
To install and run the recipes in the cookbook, you will have to download and install the node.js web server from http://www.nodejs.org. The online docs at the nodejs website has the simple steps that are required to install on your specific platform (Windows/Linux/Mac). The source code bundle accompanying this cookbook just needs to be extracted, and it contains all the required nodejs modules. You can now launch the recipes directly in your browser. Refer to the Readme.txt file in the source code bundle for detailed instructions on how to do this.
Who this book is for
If you are a beginner with jQuery/JavaScript skills, this book offers you numerous examples to get you started.
If you are a seasoned developer, this book lets you explore jQuery Mobile in greater depth.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text are shown as follows: "Now, open the main.html file in your favorite browser, and you will see an output similar to the following screenshot:".
A block of code is set as follows:
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "You can also manually run the script by clicking on the Run with JS button."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased from your account at http://www.PacktPub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.PacktPub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.
Errata
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Questions
You can contact us at <[email protected]> if you are having a problem with any aspect of the book, and we will do our best to address it.
Chapter 1. Get Rolling
In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:
Introduction
The jQuery Mobile Framework is an open source cross-platform UI framework. It is built using HTML5, CSS3, and the very popular jQuery JavaScript library, and it follows Open Web standards. It provides touch-friendly UI widgets that are specially styled for mobile devices. It has a powerful theming framework to style your applications. It supports AJAX for various tasks, such as page navigation and transitions.
As jQuery Mobile follows the open web standards, you can be sure that your application can get maximum support and compatibility with a wide range of browsers and platforms. You can write your application once and it will work seamlessly on iPhones, iPads, Android phones and tablets, Blackberry, Bada, Windows, Symbian, Meego, and even the upcoming HTML5-based platforms, such as Boot2Gecko and Tizen. The same code will run on Chrome, Firefox, Opera, IE, Safari, and other browsers on your desktop. Further, it will work even on your smart TV or any other gadget that has a compatible browser which is compliant with the open web standards. The market reach potential is phenomenal.
The list of the currently certified supported browsers, platforms, and the grade of support is available on the jQuery Mobile website at http://www.jquerymobile.com/gbs. Note that some features, such as CSS 3D animations and AJAX, might not be supported on certain older and legacy platforms. Here, the framework resorts to Progressive Enhancement. This means that the basic functionality is supported initially. Later, when a more capable future browser or platform becomes available, your application automatically makes use of its capabilities and offers upgraded functionality. In most scenarios, you will not have to write the code or interfere in any way. This is a big plus when you compare mobile web applications with mobile native applications.
While coding native applications, you will have to write the code in different languages, based on the platform. You will then have to compile the code for each platform, and build binary packages that can run on the device. Upgrading the application to support the next version means you have to go back and redo the whole exercise of checking/fixing your code, rebuilding, and repackaging. This overhead compounds as you add support for more platforms. The whole thing just becomes unmanageable after a point. You are better off by just supporting the top one or two platforms for your application.
Of course, there are advantages of using native applications. The performance of your application could be a very crucial factor. There are certain applications where you have to go native, especially when you expect real-time responses. Also, with native apps, you can access core OS and device features, such as camera, accelerometer, contacts, and calendar. This is not easily done today with HTML5.
HTML5 is a relatively new entrant for mobile applications. But the gap is closing by the day. There are libraries already available that expose the native features using simple JavaScript API, which is directly available to your HTML5 app. PhoneGap is one such popular library. Firefox's Boot2Gecko and Intel/Samsung's Tizen are totally based on HTML5, and you should be able to access the core device functionality directly from the browser here. Things do look very promising for the future.
The jQuery Mobile framework has a wide array of plugins and tools that help you build your application. It has a very active and vibrant developer community, and new features are continuously being added. It is strongly backed by companies, such as Filament Group, Mozilla, Nokia, Palm, Adobe, Rhomobile, and others. Within its first year (in 2011), the framework has already won awards, such as the Packt Open Source Award and the .NET Innovation Award.
Web-based mobile applications have evolved. They used pure native code for the UI in the early days, then came flash and other plugin-based UI (such as Silverlight). But even Adobe and Microsoft (with its Windows 8 platform) are going full steam ahead on HTML5 development. So, the situation is ripe for the explosive growth of an open source web standards-based cross-platform framework, such as jQuery Mobile.
The jQuery Mobile framework requires you to use declarative syntax (HTML markup) for most of the basic tasks and for building the UI. You have to fall back to scripting with JavaScript only, where declarative syntax does not help, and of course for adding your application logic. This is different from many other UI frameworks that are available in the market today. The other frameworks require you to write much more JavaScript and have a much steeper learning curve.
If you are familiar with HTML, CSS, and jQuery/JavaScript, then you will find it very easy to learn jQuery Mobile. There are many popular IDEs and UI builders that you can use to visually drag-and-drop UI controls and develop in jQuery Mobile. But to get started, all you need is your favorite text editor to write the code. You will also need a browser (running on your desktop or mobile) to test the application. You are now ready to write your first jQuery Mobile cross-platform application.
Writing your first jQuery Mobile application
A simple jQuery Mobile application consists of a page, which forms the basic building block for your application. The page follows a basic structure with three main parts, the header, thepage content, and the footer. You can build feature-rich applications with workflows using multiple pages, each page with its own functionality, logic, and navigational flow. This recipe shows how to create a page and write your first jQuery Mobile application.
Getting ready
Copy the full code of this recipe from the code/01/welcome folder. You can launch this code using the URL: http://localhost:8080/01/welcome/main.html.
How to do it...
Carry out the following steps:
How it works...
Create main.html as an HTML5 document starting with the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration. In the <head> tag of the file, add a <meta> tag and specify that the viewport should occupy the entire device width by using the content='width=device-width' attribute. Include the jQuery Mobile stylesheet by using the <link> tag pointing to the CSS file location on the jQuery Mobile Content Delivery Network (CDN) site.
Next, include the JavaScript libraries; first the jQuery and then the jQuery Mobile JavaScript files. Use the <script> tags and point src to the CDN location, as shown in the code. You are now ready to create the page.
The page, its header, footer, and content are all <div> containers, which are styled by using the data-role attributes. Add a <div> tag with data-role='page' to the <body> tag. Add three div tags with data-role='header', 'content', and finally the 'footer' as child elements within the page. This will create the page header, content, and footer respectively. You can add any text, forms, lists, or other HTML controls within these <div> tags. The framework will enhance and render the controls in a touch-friendly mobile-enabled style.
Now, open the main.html file in your favorite browser, and you will see an output similar to the following screenshot:
Open and compare the output of this file in different browsers, mobile devices, and tablets. You will see that on all-compliant and certified browsers/devices, the page opens up and looks pretty much the same.
Congratulations! You just created your first cross-platform jQuery Mobile web application.
There's more...
At the time of writing this recipe, jQuery Mobile v1.1.1 was the stable version and is used in all the recipes in this book. The supported jQuery library recommended is jQuery v1.7.1.
You can use the libraries directly from the jQuery Mobile CDN, as shown in this recipe. You could also download the library files (available in a single archive) at http://www.jquerymobile.com/download, and host the files locally within your network. When hosted locally, you just have to update the links in your code to point to the correct location of the files on your network (or to the path on your hard disk), as shown in the following code snippet:
The Page theme
By default, the framework provides five basic color schemes or combinations called color swatches. They are named a, b, c, d and e. By default, swatch d is used when you create a page. This gives the page a bright combination of white and black colors, as seen in the previous screenshot. You can change the color swatch of your page and header/footer by using the data-theme attribute, as shown in the following code snippet:
The output will now be similar to the following screenshot:
See also
Using JS Bin to create a simple application
JS Bin is an open source web application built by Remy Sharp, available at http://www.jsbin.com. JS Bin allows you to directly enter your HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code online, and also allows you to include the required jQuery and jQuery Mobile libraries. You can add and directly run your JavaScript code and preview the output on your browser. You can also share your code and collaborate with others for review or troubleshooting. You can finally download your code once everything works as desired. It is a very popular tool used by many jQuery Mobile developers. This recipe shows you how to create a simple jQuery Mobile application using JS Bin.
Getting ready
The code in this recipe was created using the JS Bin web application available at http://www.jsbin.com. The code is available in the code/01/jsbin source folder. You can launch the code using the URL http://localhost:8080/01/jsbin/main.html.
