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In this enormously influential book, Jurgen Habermas examines the deep tensions and crisis tendencies which underlie the development of contemporary Western societies and develops a powerful analysis of the legitimation problems faced by modern states. Habermas argues that Western societies have succeeded to some extent in stabilizing the economic fluctuations associated with capitalism, but this has created a new range of crisis tendencies which are expressed in other spheres. States intervene in economic life and attempt to regulate markets, but they find themselves confronted by increasing and often conflicting demands. As individuals become increasingly disillusioned, the state is faced with the possibility of a mass withdrawal of loyalty or support - a 'legitimation crisis'. Widely recognized as a classic of contemporary social and political analysis, Legitimation Crisis sheds light on a range of issues which are central to current debates, from the decline of class conflict and the disillusionment with established political institutions to the crisis of the welfare state. It remains essential reading for students of sociology, politics and the social sciences generally.
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Seitenzahl: 314
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
Contents
Translator’s Introduction
Preface
PART I A Social-Scientific Concept of Crisis
Chapter 1 System and Life-World
Chapter 2 Some Constituents of Social Systems
Chapter 3 Illustration of Social Principles of Organization
Chapter 4 System Crisis Elucidated Through the Example of the Liberal-Capitalist Crisis Cycle
PART II Crisis Tendencies in Advanced Capitalism
Chapter 1 A Descriptive Model of Advanced Capitalism
Chapter 2 Problems Resulting from Advanced-Capitalist Growth
Chapter 3 A Classification of Possible Crisis Tendencies
Chapter 4 Theorems of Economic Crisis
Chapter 5 Theorems of Rationality Crisis
Chapter 6 Theorems of Legitimation Crisis
Chapter 7 Theorems of Motivation Crisis
Chapter 8 A Backward Glance
PART III On the Logic of Legitimation Problems
Chapter 1 Max Weber’s Concept of Legitimation
Chapter 2 The Relation of Practical Questions to Truth
Chapter 3 The Model of the Suppression of Generalizable Interests
Chapter 4 The End of the Individual?
Chapter 5 Complexity and Democracy
Chapter 6 Partiality for Reason
Notes
Index
German text: Copyright © 1973 by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main
Introduction and English translation: Copyright © 1976
Heinemann Educational Books
Legitimation Crisis was first published under the title
Legitimationsprobleme im Spätkapitalismus in 1973 by Suhrkamp Verlag
First published in Great Britain by Heinemann Educational Books 1976Reprinted 1979, 1980, 1984
First published in 1988 by Polity Pressin association with Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Reprinted 1992, 1997, 2004, 2007
Polity Press65 Bridge StreetCambridge CB2 1UR, UK
Polity Press350 Main StreetMalden, MA 02148, USA
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
ISBN: 978-0-7456-0609-5 (pbk)
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Marston Book Services Limited, Oxford
For further information on Polity, visit our website: www.polity.co.uk
Jürgen Habermas is the most influential thinker in Germany today. Picking up where Adorno left off in his exchange with Popper, he became the central figure in the Positivismusstreit that dominated German philosophy and sociology in the sixties.1 Through his detailed criticism of positivist epistemology and methodology and his careful, undogmatic articulation of insights drawn from an immense knowledge of the German philosophical and sociological traditions, he made a lasting contribution to the critical reception of Anglo-American empiricism into German thought. To have brought Kant, Fichte, and Hegel into contact with Wittgenstein, Popper, and Peirce, to have fashioned a language in which Marx, Dilthey, and Freud as well as Dewey, Mead, and Parsons can all have their say, is grounds enough for a claim to intellectual distinction. In recent years, however, Habermas has gone much further in his systematizing efforts. His debate with Gadamer provided a demonstration of the relevance of hermeneutics to social theory.2 His debate with Luhmann comprises one of the most exhaustive and detailed examinations of the systems-theoretic approach to social inquiry.3 His formulation of the theory of communicative competence developed the relevance of linguistics and linguistic philosophy to the philosophical foundations of social theory.4 In short, Habermas has shown himself to be possessed of an astonishing range of interests and competence; and he has succeeded in formulating and developing a unified, systematic perspective in which all this knowledge has its place. Thus, as seasoned an observer of Western intellectual life as George Lichtheim could remark of him in 1969 (that is, before the publication of much of his important work):
The baffling thing about Habermas is that, at an age when most of his colleagues have painfully established control over one comer of the field, he has made himself master of the whole, in depth and breadth alike. There is no corner-cutting, no facile evasion of difficulties or spurious enunciation of conclusions unsupported by research: whether he is refuting Popper, dissecting the pragmatism of Charles Peirce, delving into the medieval antecedents of Schelling’s metaphysics, or bringing Marxist sociology up to date, there is always the same uncanny mastery of the sources, joined to an enviable talent for clarifying intricate logical puzzles. He seems to have been born with a faculty for digesting the toughest kind of material and then refashioning it into orderly wholes. Hegel, whom he resembles at least in his appetite for encyclopaedic knowledge, possessed this capacity in the highest degree, but he was cursed with an abominable style and a perverse fondness for obscurity, whereas Habermas writes as clearly and precisely as any empiricist.5
Readers should be forewarned that this last remark is an exaggeration. Habermas can be quite difficult to read, and the present volume is a case in point. It makes unusual demands on the reader, assuming some familiarity with a wide range of disciplines (from economics to ethics), authors (from Kant to Parsons), and approaches (from systems theory to phenomenology). As stated in the author’s preface, the intention of the book is a “clarification of very general structures of hypotheses” relating to the dynamics and development of contemporary capitalism. Habermas’ aim is no less than that of surveying most of the important literature on advanced capitalist society and organizing it around a continuous line of argument. However, it is extremely important that the reader take Habermas at his word on the status of the argument—it is meant as a of the enormously complex issues involved, preparatory, that is, to the required for their further resolution. The argument makes no claim to finality; certain important questions are left open; and there are numerous indications of the precise points in the argument that call for as-yet-unavailable empirical data. Lest these cautions be taken as a subtle strategy for avoiding criticism, readers should be informed that much of the empirical research in question is already underway at the Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung der Lebensbedingungen der wissenschaftlich-technischen Welt.
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