Linux All-in-One For Dummies E-Book

Emmett Dulaney

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 778

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Eight minibooks in one volume cover every important aspect of Linux and everything you need to know to pass level-1 certification Linux All-in-One For Dummies explains everything you need to get up and running with the popular Linux operating system. Written in the friendly and accessible For Dummies style, the book ideal for new and intermediate Linux users, as well as anyone studying for level-1 Linux certification. The eight minibooks inside cover the basics of Linux, interacting with it, networking issues, Internet services, administration, security, scripting, and level-1 certification. * Covers every major topic for anyone just getting familiar with Linux * Includes a test-prep section for passing the level-1 Linux certification exam * Written by the expert author of more than thirty books, including CompTIA Security+ Study Guide, 3rd Edition Including everything beginners need to know to get started with Linux, Linux All-in-One For Dummies, 5th Edition is the ultimate resource and reference for aspiring professionals.

Leseprobe

Linux® All-in-One For Dummies®, 5th Edition

Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, [phone], fax [phone], or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2013958402

ISBN 978-1-118-84435-9 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-84431-1 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-84432-8 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

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Linux All-in-One For Dummies

Visit www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/linuxaio to view this book's cheat sheet.

Table of Contents

Introduction

About This Book

Foolish Assumptions

Icons Used in This Book

Beyond the Book

Where to Go from Here

Book I: Getting Started with Linux

Chapter 1: Introducing Linux

What Is Linux?

Linux distributions

Making sense of version numbers

Linux Standard Base (LSB)

Contents of a Linux Distribution

GNU software

GUIs and applications

Networks

Internet servers

Software development

Online documentation

Managing Your PC with Linux

Distribution media

Peripheral devices

File systems and sharing

Network

Getting Started

Step 1: Install

Step 2: Configure

Step 3: Explore

Step 4: Find out more

Chapter 2: Installing Linux

Following the Installation Steps

Checking Your PC’s Hardware

Setting Aside Space for Linux

Trying a Live CD

Installing Linux on a Flash Drive

Creating the bootable flash drive

Troubleshooting the workstation

Working daily with the new drive

Chapter 3: Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux

Using Text Mode Installation

Troubleshooting X

Resolving Other Installation Problems

Using Knoppix boot commands

The fatal signal 11 error

Getting around the PC reboot problem

Using Linux kernel boot options

Setting Up Printers

Managing DVDs, CD-ROMs, and Flash Drives

Installing Other Software

Installing software in Debian and Ubuntu

Installing software in Fedora

Installing software in SUSE

Installing software in Xandros

Chapter 4: Trying Out Linux

Starting Linux

Playing with the Shell

Starting the bash shell

Understanding shell commands

Trying a few Linux commands

Shutting Down

Book II: Linux Desktops

Chapter 1: GNOME, Unity, Cinnamon, and MATE

Getting to Know the GNOME Desktop

Understanding the GNOME Panels

The top panel

The desktop

The bottom panel

Looking at Unity

Looking at Cinnamon

Looking at MATE

Chapter 2: The KDE Desktop

Getting to Know the KDE Desktop

Desktop context menus

Icon context menus

Understanding the KDE Panel

The Main Menu button

Panel icons

Configuring the KDE Bottom Panel

Configuring the KDE Desktop

Chapter 3: Commanding the Shell

Opening Terminal Windows and Virtual Consoles

Using the bash Shell

Understanding the syntax of shell commands

Combining shell commands

Controlling command input and output

Typing less with automatic command completion

Going wild with asterisks and question marks

Repeating previously typed commands

Discovering and Using Linux Commands

Becoming root (superuser)

Managing processes

Working with date and time

Processing files

Writing Shell Scripts

Chapter 4: Navigating the Linux File System

Understanding the Linux File System

Navigating the File System with Linux Commands

Commands for directory navigation

Commands for directory listings and permissions

Commands for changing permissions and ownerships

Commands for working with files

Commands for working with directories

Commands for finding files

Commands for mounting and unmounting

Commands for checking disk-space usage

Chapter 5: Introducing Linux Applications

Taking Stock of Linux Applications

Introducing Office Applications and Tools

LibreOffice.org office suite

Calendars

Calculators

Checking out Multimedia Applications

Using a digital camera

Playing audio CDs

Playing sound files

Burning a CD or DVD

Using Graphics and Imaging Apps

The GIMP

GNOME Ghostview

Chapter 6: Using Text Editors

Using GUI Text Editors

Text Editing with ed and vi

Using ed

Using vi

Book III: Networking

Chapter 1: Connecting to the Internet

Understanding the Internet

Deciding How to Connect to the Internet

Connecting with DSL

How DSL works

DSL alphabet soup: ADSL, IDSL, SDSL

Typical DSL setup

Connecting with a Cable Modem

How a cable modem works

Typical cable modem setup

Chapter 2: Setting Up a Local Area Network

Understanding TCP/IP

IP addresses

Internet services and port numbers

Setting Up an Ethernet LAN

How Ethernet works

Ethernet cables

Configuring TCP/IP Networking

Connecting Your LAN to the Internet

Chapter 3: Going Wireless

Understanding Wireless Ethernet Networks

Understanding infrastructure and ad hoc modes

Understanding Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

Setting Up Wireless Hardware

Configuring the Wireless Access Point

Configuring Wireless Networking

Chapter 4: Managing the Network

Discovering the TCP/IP Configuration Files

/etc/hosts

/etc/networks

/etc/host.conf

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/hosts.allow

/etc/hosts.deny

/etc/nsswitch.conf

Checking Out TCP/IP Networks

Checking the network interfaces

Checking the IP routing table

Checking connectivity to a host

Checking network status

Sniffing network packets

Using GUI tools

Configuring Networks at Boot Time

Book IV: The Internet

Chapter 1: Browsing the Web

Discovering the Web

Like a giant spider’s web

Links and URLs

Web servers and web browsers

Web Browsing in Linux

Checking out web browsers for Linux

Introducing Firefox’s user interface

Changing your home page

Surfing the Internet with Firefox

Chapter 2: Reading Newsgroups and RSS Feeds

Understanding Newsgroups

Newsgroup hierarchy

Top-level newsgroup categories

Linux-related newsgroups

Reading Newsgroups from Your ISP

Taking stock of newsreaders

Reading newsgroups with Thunderbird

Newsgroup subscriptions

Posting news

Using KNode

Reading and Searching Newsgroups at Websites

Reading RSS Feeds

Examining an RSS Feed

Reading RSS Feeds

Chapter 3: Using FTP

Using Graphical FTP Clients

Using gFTP

Introducing FileZilla

Using a web browser as an FTP client

Using the Command-Line FTP Client

Chapter 4: Hosting Internet Services

Understanding Internet Services

TCP/IP and sockets

Internet services and port numbers

Using the Internet Super Server

Using inetd

Using xinetd

Running Standalone Servers

Starting and stopping servers manually

Starting servers automatically at boot time

Chapter 5: Managing Mail and News Servers

Installing the Mail Server

Using sendmail

A mail-delivery test

The mail-delivery mechanism

The sendmail configuration file

Syntax of the sendmail.cf file

Other sendmail files

The .forward file

The sendmail alias file

Installing the INN Server

Configuring and Starting the INN Server

InterNetNews components

The incoming.conf file

The readers.conf file

InterNetNews startup

Setting Up Local Newsgroups

Defining a newsgroup hierarchy

Updating configuration files

Adding the newsgroups

Testing your newsgroups

Chapter 6: Managing DNS

Understanding Domain Name System (DNS)

What is DNS?

Discovering hierarchical domain names

Exploring Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)

Configuring DNS

Configuring the resolver

Configuring a caching name server

Configuring a primary name server

Book V: Administration

Chapter 1: Introducing Basic System Administration

Taking Stock of System Administration Tasks

Introducing Some GUI Sysadmin Tools

How to Become root

Using the su - command

Becoming root for the GUI utilities

Recovering from a forgotten root password

Understanding How Linux Boots

Understanding the init process

Examining the /etc/inittab file

Trying a new run level with the init command

Understanding the Linux startup scripts

Manually starting and stopping servers

Automatically starting servers at system startup

Taking Stock of Linux System Configuration Files

Monitoring System Performance

Using the top utility

Using the uptime command

Using the vmstat utility

Checking disk performance and disk usage

Viewing System Information with the /proc File System

Understanding Linux Devices

Device files

Persistent device naming with udev

Managing Loadable Driver Modules

Loading and unloading modules

Using the /etc/modprobe.conf file

Scheduling Jobs in Linux

Scheduling one-time jobs

Scheduling recurring jobs

Chapter 2: Managing Users and Groups

Adding User Accounts

Managing user accounts by using a GUI user manager

Managing user accounts by using commands

Understanding the /etc/passwd File

Managing Groups

Other User and Group Administration Values

Exploring the User Environment

Changing User and Group Ownership of Files

Chapter 3: Managing File Systems

Exploring the Linux File System

Understanding the file-system hierarchy

Mounting a device on the file system

Examining the /etc/fstab file

Sharing Files with NFS

Exporting a file system with NFS

Mounting an NFS file system

Backing Up and Restoring Files

Selecting a backup strategy and media

Commercial backup utilities for Linux

Using the tape archiver — tar

Accessing a DOS or Windows File System

Mounting a DOS or Windows disk partition

Mounting those ancient DOS floppy disks

Mounting an NTFS partition

Chapter 4: Working with Samba and NFS

Sharing Files with NFS

Exporting a file system with NFS

Mounting an NFS file system

Setting Up a Windows Server Using Samba

Installing Samba

Configuring Samba

Trying out Samba

Book VI: Security

Chapter 1: Introducing Linux Security

Why Worry about Security?

Establishing a Security Framework

Determining business requirements for security

Performing risk analysis

Establishing a security policy

Implementing security solutions (mitigation)

Managing security

Securing Linux

Understanding the host-security issues

Understanding network-security issues

Delving into Computer Security Terminology and Tools

Keeping Up with Security News and Updates

Chapter 2: Securing Linux

Securing Passwords

Shadow passwords

Pluggable authentication modules (PAMs)

Protecting Files and Directories

Viewing ownerships and permissions

Changing file ownerships

Changing file permissions

Setting default permission

Checking for set user ID permission

Encrypting and Signing Files with GnuPG

Understanding public key encryption

Understanding digital signatures

Using GPG

Monitoring System Security

Securing Internet Services

Turning off standalone services

Configuring the Internet super server

Configuring TCP wrapper security

Using Secure Shell (SSH) for Remote Logins

Setting Up Simple Firewalls

Using NAT

Enabling packet filtering on your Linux system

Security Files to Be Aware Of

Chapter 3: Computer Security Audits and Vulnerability Testing Types

Understanding Security Audits

Nontechnical aspects of security audits

Technical aspects of security audits

Implementing a Security Test Methodology

Some common computer vulnerabilities

Host-security review

Network-security review

Vulnerability Testing Types

Exploring Security Testing Tools

nmap

Book VII: Scripting

Chapter 1: Introductory Shell Scripting

Trying Out Simple Shell Scripts

Exploring the Basics of Shell Scripting

Storing stuff

Calling shell functions

Controlling the flow

Exploring bash’s built-in commands

Chapter 2: Advanced Shell Scripting

Trying Out sed

Working with awk and sed

Step 1: Pull out the ISBN

Step 2: Calculate the 13th digit

Step 3: Add the 13th digit to the other 12

Step 4: Finish the process

Final Notes on Shell Scripting

Chapter 3: Programming in Linux

An Overview of Programming

Exploring the Software-Development Tools in Linux

GNU C and C++ compilers

The GNU make utility

The GNU debugger

Understanding the Implications of GNU Licenses

The GNU General Public License

The GNU Library General Public License

Book VIII: Linux Certification

Chapter 1: Studying for the Linux Essentials Certification Exam

Overview of Linux Essentials

The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source

Using the Command Line to Get Help

The Power of the Command Line

The Linux Operating System

Security and File Permissions

Chapter 2: Studying for the CompTIA Linux+ Powered by LPI Certification Exams

Overview of the CompTIA Linux+ Exams

System Architecture

Linux Installation and Package Management

GNU and Unix Commands

Devices, Linux File Systems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Shells, Scripting, and Data Management

User Interfaces and Desktops

Administrative Tasks

Essential System Services

Networking Fundamentals

Security

Chapter 3: Other Linux Certifications

Vendor-Neutral Certifications

Vendor-Specific Certifications

About the Author

Cheat Sheet

More Dummies Products

Guide

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

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Introduction

Linux is truly amazing when you consider how it originated and how it continues to evolve. From its modest beginning as the hobby of one person — Linus Torvalds of Finland — Linux has grown into a full-fledged operating system with features that rival those of any commercial Unix operating system. To top it off, Linux — with all of its source code — is available free to anyone. All you have to do is download it from an Internet site or get it on CDs or a DVD for a nominal fee from one of many Linux CD vendors.