LPIC-1 Linux Professional Institute Certification Practice Tests E-Book

Steve Suehring

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 397

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2019

Beschreibung

1,000 practice questions with answers and explanations, organized into 10 full-length tests, PLUS 2 practice exams; complements the LPIC-1 Study Guide Linux Servers currently have a 20% market share which continues to grow. The Linux OS market saw a 75% increase from last year and is the third leading OS, behind Windows and MacOS. There has never been a better time to expand your skills, broaden your knowledge, and earn certification from the Linux Professional Institute. LPIC-1: Linux Professional Institute Certification Practice Tests is the must-have complement to the bestselling LPIC-1 Study Guide. Practice tests help you gain confidence and identify the areas in need of more attention. Ten full-length tests, covering the ten objective domains, and two additional 60-question practice exams contain 1000 practice questions, complete with answers and full explanations! Divided into two parts, this volume of practice tests covers Exams 101-500 and 102-500. Part I covers system architecture, Linux installation and Package management, GNU and Unix Commands, and devices, and Linux filesystems and filesystem hierarchy. Part II focuses on shells and shell scripting, user interfaces and desktops, administrative tasks, essential system services, networking, and security. This book: * Covers all objective domains of the LPIC-1 exam * Provides additional practice questions to supplement the LPIC-1 Study Guide * Helps reinforce vital skills and knowledge * Includes one year of FREE access to the online test bank LPIC-1: Linux Professional Institute Certification Practice Tests is a must-have resource for network and system administrators studying for the LPIC-1 exams and Linux administrators or IT professionals looking to update their skillset.

Leseprobe

LPIC-1®Linux Professional Institute Certification

Practice Tests

Second Edition

Steven Suehring

Copyright © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-1-119-61109-7

ISBN: 978-1-119-61114-1 (ebk.)

ISBN: 978-1-119-61113-4 (ebk.)

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Acknowledgments

Book writing tends to take attention away from other things in life. As I write this and look at the overgrown jungle that is my backyard, it's time to reflect and to find another project so I don't have to deal with whatever type of vine has taken over my shed and is creeping towards the house.

Thank you first to Kenyon Brown and Carole Jelen for this (and other) projects. Thank you also to the editors for this book, Kezia Endsley and David Clinton. Their expertise and diligence is essential in order to make the book the best it can be. Thank you to my family for their continued support. My colleagues at University of Wisconsin- Stevens Point help provide guidance and comic relief at times too.

As is the case for many books now, thank you to Jim, Patti, Tim, and Rob at Partners Pub. Thank you also to Kent Laabs for his generosity and continued help.

About the Author

Steve Suehring is an assistant professor of computing and new media technologies at University of Wisconsin—Stevens Point. Prior to joining the faculty in 2015, Steve gained 20 years of field experience in a variety of technical engineering, system and network administration, and system architectural roles. Steve has written several books and has served as an editor for LinuxWorld magazine.

CONTENTS

Cover

Acknowledgments

About the Author

Introduction

Part I Exam 101-500

Chapter 1 Topic 101: System Architecture

Chapter 2 Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management

Chapter 3 Topic 103: GNU and UNIX Commands

Chapter 4 Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Part II Exam 102-500

Chapter 5 Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting

Chapter 6 Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

Chapter 7 Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

Chapter 8 Topic 108: Essential System Services

Chapter 9 Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

Chapter 10 Topic 110: Security

Part III Practice Exams

Chapter 11 Practice Exam 1

Chapter 12 Practice Exam 2

Appendix Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 1: Topic 101: System Architecture

Chapter 2: Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management

Chapter 3: Topic 103: GNU and UNIX Commands

Chapter 4: Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Chapter 5: Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting

Chapter 6: Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

Chapter 7: Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

Chapter 8: Topic 108: Essential System Services

Chapter 9: Topic 109: Persistent Network Configuration

Chapter 10: Topic 110: Security

Chapter 11: Practice Exam 1

Chapter 12: Practice Exam 2

Index

Advert

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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Introduction

This book provides practice questions for the Linux Professional Institute LPIC-1 certification. Specifically, the book has been updated to reflect the objectives for exams 101-500 and 102-500. The book includes numerous multiple-choice questions related to the exam objectives found on the LPI website.

What Does This Book Cover?

Each chapter of the book connects directly to one of the objectives, and each objective is covered throughout the book. In addition, two practice exams are included in the book that you should find helpful in preparing for the exams.

The book does not require that you start at the beginning and read through in a linear, page-by-page manner. Rather, you may skip to objective areas that might be less familiar, and you can do so without losing any fidelity or missing something from a previous chapter.

Who Should Read This Book

It is assumed that you would have a companion text for this book in order to obtain deeper information on the given subjects for the exam. However, it is possible to use this book as a stand-alone means for preparation.

Here are some basic assumptions about the audience for this book:

You have used Linux or are using the book to learn Linux.

You have used a computer for basic operations.

You will use the book as a means for practicing for the certification exams.

How to Use This Book

This book is best used as a tool for testing your knowledge in the objective domains specified for the exam. The book provides explanations for each question, including, where applicable, explanations as to why the other options were incorrect. Ideally, the book is used in conjunction with the companion text in order to fully explain the concepts.

Certification Exam Policies

The Linux Professional Institute outlines various policies related to certification and other similar matters. In addition, other policies applicable may be through the testing facility or organization. More information on some of the LPI policies can be found at www.lpi.org/policies.

Exam Objectives

The following lists contain the topics and weights for Exams 101 and 102. This list follows the sequence in which they are covered in the book. You can find more information about what is covered in each topic, including key knowledge areas and files, terms, and utilities, at the start of the applicable chapter.

Exam 101-500

Topic 101: System Architecture

101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings (weight 2).

101.2 Boot the system (weight 3).

101.3 Change runlevels/boot targets and shutdown or reboot system (weight 3).

Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management

102.1 Design hard disk layout (weight 2).

102.2 Install a boot manager (weight 2).

102.3 Manage shared libraries (weight 1).

102.4 Use Debian package management (weight 3).

102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management (weight 3).

102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest (weight 1)

Topic 103: GNU and UNIX Commands

103.1 Work on the command line (weight 4).

103.2 Process text streams using filters (weight 2).

103.3 Perform basic file management (weight 4).

103.4 Use streams, pipes, and redirects (weight 4).

103.5 Create, monitor, and kill processes (weight 4).

103.6 Modify process execution priorities (weight 2).

103.7 Search text files using regular expressions (weight 3).

103.8 Basic file editing 3

Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

104.1 Create partitions and filesystems (weight 2).

104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems (weight 2).

104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems (weight 3).

104.4 Removed

104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership (weight 3).

104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links (weight 2).

104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location (weight 2).

Exam 102-500

Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting

105.1 Customize and use the shell environment (weight 4).

105.2 Customize or write simple scripts (weight 4).

Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

106.1 Install and configure X11 (weight 2).

106.2 Graphical desktops (weight 1)

106.3 Accessibility (weight 1)

Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files (weight 5).

107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs (weight 4).

107.3 Localization and internationalization (weight 3)

Topic 108: Essential System Services

108.1 Maintain system time (weight 3).

108.2 System logging (weight 4)

108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Basics (weight 3)

108.4 Manage printers and printing (weight 2).

Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

109.1 Fundamentals of Internet protocols (weight 4)

109.2 Persistent network configuration (weight 4)

109.3 Basic network troubleshooting (weight 4)

109.4 Configure client-side DNS (weight 2).

Topic 110: Security

110.1 Perform security administration tasks (weight 3).

110.2 Set up host security (weight 3).

110.3 Securing data with encryption (weight 4)

PART IExam 101-500

Chapter 1Topic 101: System Architecture

THE FOLLOWING EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER:

  101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings.

Key knowledge areas:

Enable and disable integrated peripherals.

Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices.

Determine hardware resources for devices.

Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g.

lsusb,

lspci

, etc.)

Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices

Conceptual understanding of

sysfs

,

udev

, and

dbus

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

/sys/

/proc/

/dev/

modprobe

lsmod

lspci

lsusb

  101.2 Boot the system.

Key knowledge areas:

Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.

Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS/UEFI to boot completion.

Understand

SysV init

and

systemd

.

Awareness of Upstart

Check book events in the log files.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

dmesg

journalctl

BIOS

UEFI

bootloader

kernel

initramfs

init

SysV init

systemd

  101.3 Change runlevels/boot targets and shut down or reboot system.

Key knowledge areas:

Set the default runlevel or boot target.

Change between runlevels/boot targets including single-user mode.

Shut down and reboot from the command line.

Alert users before switching runlevels/boot targets or other major system events.

Properly terminate processes.

Awareness of

acpid

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

/etc/inittab

shutdown

init

/etc/init.d/

telinit

systemd

systemctl

/etc/systemd/

/usr/lib/systemd/

wall

Which of the following commands is used to view kernel-related udev events in real time?

udevls alllsudev -fudevmon -audevadm monitor

Which command enables you to view the current interrupt request (IRQ) assignments?

view /proc/irqcat /proc/interruptscat /dev/irqless /dev/irq

Configuration of udev devices is done by working with files in which directory?

/udev/devices/devices//udev/config/etc/udev

Which command is used to automatically load a module and its dependencies?

modprobelsmodinsmodrmmod

Which command is used to obtain a list of USB devices?

usb-listlsusbls-usbls --usb

When working with hotplug devices, you need to gather more information about them through udevadm. Which udevadm command enables you to query the udev database for information on a device?

queryinfogetinfodevinfo

Which command can be used to view the kernel ring buffer in order to troubleshoot the boot process?

lsbootboot-logkrblogdmesg

During the initialization process for a Linux system using SysV init, which runlevel corresponds to single-user mode?

Runlevel 5Runlevel SURunlevel 1Runlevel 6

On a system using SysV init, in which directory are the startup and shutdown scripts for services stored?

/etc/init-d/etc/init/etc/sysV/etc/init.d

Which command can be used to reboot a system?

init 6shutdown -h -t nowinit 1refresh-system

When using an SysV init-based system, which command would you use if you make changes to the /etc/inittab file and want those changes to be reloaded without a reboot?

init-refreshinit 6telinitreload-inittab

Which command displays the current runlevel for a system?

show-levelinit --levelsudo initrunlevel

Within which folder are systemd unit configuration files stored?

/etc/system.conf.d/lib/system.conf.d/lib/systemd/system/etc/sysconfd

Which command is used with systemd in order to list the available service units?

systemd list-unitssystemctl list-unitssystemd unit-listsystemctl show-units

Which option to lspci is used to display both numeric codes and device names?

-numdev-n-nn-devnum

Which command can be used to obtain a list of currently loaded kernel modules?

insmodmodlistls --moduleslsmod

Which option to the modprobe command shows the dependencies for a given module?

--show-options--list-deps--show-depends--list-all

Which command can you use to send a message to all users who are currently logged into a system?

catwallteessh

Which of the following is a good first troubleshooting step when a hard disk is not detected by the Linux kernel?

Unplug the disk.Check the system BIOS.Restart the web server service.Run the disk-detect command.

Within which directory is information about USB devices stored?

/etc/usbdevices/var/usb/lib/sys/usb/sys/bus/usb/devices

If the kernel ring buffer has been overwritten, within which file can you look to find boot messages?

/var/log/bootmessages/var/log/mail.info/var/adm/log/boot.info/var/log/dmesg

Which command and option can be used to determine whether a given service is currently loaded?

systemctl --lstelinitsystemctl statussysctl -a

Which command on a systemd-controlled system would place the system into single-user mode?

systemctl onesystemctl isolate rescue.targetsystemctl single-usersystemctl runlevel one

Which command on a system controlled by Upstart will reload the configuration files?

initctl reloadsystemd reloadupstart --reloadups -reload

When working with a SysV system, which option to chkconfig will display all services and their runlevels?

--reload--list--all--ls

A drive connected to USB is considered which type of device?

MediumColdplugHotplugSideplug

The system is using a temporary flash USB disk for data mounted at /dev/sda1. You need to remove the disk. Which of the following commands will enable the disk to be safely removed from the system?

usbstop /dev/sdaumount /dev/sda1unmount /dev/sda1dev-eject /dev/sda1

You have connected a USB disk to the system and need to find out its connection point within the system. Which of the following is the best method for accomplishing this task?

Rebooting the systemViewing the contents of /var/log/usb.logConnecting the drive to a USB port that you know the number ofRunning dmesg and looking for the disk

Which of the following commands will initiate an immediate shutdown of the system?

shutdown -chaltsystemd stopstop-system

Which option within a systemd service file indicates the program to execute?

StartProgramShortCutExecStartStartup

Which command will display the default target on a computer running systemd?

systemctl defaultsupdate-rc.d defaultssystemctl runlevelsystemctl get-default

Which option to the systemctl command will change a service so that it runs on the next boot of the system?

enablestartonbootloadonbootstart

Which of the following best describes the /proc filesystem?

/proc contains information about files to be processed./proc contains configuration files for processes./proc contains information on currently running processes, including the kernel./proc contains variable data such as mail and web files.

Which command will retrieve information about the USB connections on a computer in a tree-like format?

lsusb -treelsusb --treelsusb -tusblist --tree

What is one reason why a device driver does not appear in the output of lsmod, even though the device is loaded and working properly?

The use of systemd means that drivers are not required for most devices.The use of initramfs means that support is enabled by default.The system does not need a driver for the device.Support for the device has been compiled directly into the kernel.

Which option to rmmod will cause the module to wait until it’s no longer in use to unload the module?

-test-f-w-unload

You are using a storage area network (SAN) that keeps causing errors on your Linux system due to an improper kernel module created by the SAN vendor. When the SAN sends updates, it causes the filesystem to be mounted as read-only. Which command and option can you use to change the behavior of the filesystem to account for the SAN bug?

mount --continuetune2fs -e continuemkfs --no-remountmount -o remount

Within which directory are rules related to udev stored?

/etc/udev.conf/etc/udev.conf.d/etc/udev/rules.d/etc/udev.d

Which option to lspci displays the kernel driver in use for the given Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) device?

-t-k-n-a

Within which of the following directories will you find blacklist information for modules loaded with modprobe?

/etc/blacklist/etc/modprobe.d/etc/blacklist.mod/etc/modprobe

When working with a CentOS 6 system, which command is used to create the initial RAM disk?

mkinitdracutmkraminitmkinitfs

Within which file will you find a list of the currently available kernel symbols?

/proc/kernelsyms/etc/kernel.conf/etc/lsyms/proc/kallsyms

Which of the following commands can be used to show the various information related to a currently loaded module, including core size and settings for options?

systool -v -m <module>modinfo -r <module>lsmod <module>infmod <module>

Which directory contains various elements and configuration information about the kernel such as the release number, domain name, location of modprobe, and other settings?

/proc/sys/kmod/proc/sys/kernel/proc/kernel/proc/kernel/sys

Within which directory should systemd unit files that you create be stored?

/etc/system/etc/systemd/system/usr/share/systemd/usr/share/system

Which of the following commands should you execute after making changes to systemd service configurations in order for those changes to take effect?

systemd reloadrebootsystemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl reboot

Which of the following files contains the runlevels for the system along with a reference to the corresponding rc file?

/etc/runlevels/etc/inittab/etc/rc/etc/runlevel

Which boot loader can be used for File Allocation Table (FAT) filesystems and might be used for a rescue disk?

SYSBOOTSYSLINUXTIELINUXFATLINUX

Which of the following is used to provide an early filesystem-based loading process for key drivers needed to continue the boot process?

bootrddriverloadinitrdinitdrv

When booting a system you receive an error similar to "No init found" and are then placed at an initramfs prompt. You need to check the hard drive for errors. Which of the following commands performs an error check on a hard drive partition in Linux?

defragfsckcheckfschkfs

Which of the following commands places the system in single-user mode?

tellinit 1chginit 1telinet 1telinit 1

Which of the following commands changes the boot order for the next boot?

efibootmgr -cefibootmgr -b -Befibootmgr -oefibootmgr -n

Which boot loader can be used with ISO9660 CD-ROMS?

ISOLINUXEFIBOOTISOFSBOOTISO

Within which directory are systemd user unit files placed by installed packages?

/usr/lib/systemd/user/usr/lib/systemd/system/usr/systemd/usr/system

When using Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), which of the following files can be used as a boot loader?

shim.uefishim.efishim.fxefi.shim

Which directory on a SysV init-based system contains scripts that are used for starting and stopping services?

/etc/rc.int/etc/boot/etc/bootscripts/etc/init.d

Which of the following commands is used to find overriding configuration files on a systemd-based system?

diffsystemctl -diffsystemd-deltasystemctl configoverride

Which of the following commands on a Red Hat system lists all of the SysV services set to be executed on boot along with their setting for each runlevel?

rlevelchkconfig --listbootldr --listinit --bootlist

Which of the following commands, executed from within the UEFI shell, controls the boot configuration?

bootcfgbcfggrub-installgrcfg

Which file must exist within /tftpboot on the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server for a system that will use PXELINUX for its boot loader?

pxelinux.tftppxelinux.bootpxelinux.confpxelinux.0

Which utility can you use on a Debian or Ubuntu system to manage SysV init scripts, such as setting them to run on boot?

bootorderbootloaderconfigchkupdate-rc.d

Which key, pressed during the operating system selection menu, is used to enable editing of the parameters related to boot with GRUB?

very

Which systemctl subcommand is used to switch runlevels?

switchmoverunlevelisolate

When examining the /etc/inittab file, which option signifies the default runlevel to which the system will boot?

defaultdefaultbootinitdefaultdefaultlvl

Which of the following is used instead of initrd to provide an early filesystem for essential drivers?

initnextinitramfsinitializeinitfs

Which of the following commands sets the default systemd target to multi-user?

systemctl set-default multi-user.targetsystemd set-default multi-user.targetsystemctl set-def muser.targetsystemd set-def muser.target

When using a shim for booting a UEFI-based system, which of the following files is loaded after shim.efi?

grubx64.cfggrub.confgrubx64.efiefi.boot

Within which hierarchy are files from /etc/init.d linked so that the files are executed during the various runlevels of a SysV system?

/etc/rc.S/etc/rc/etc/boot/rc/etc/rc.d

What is the name of the unit to which a systemd system is booted in order to start other levels?

default.targetinit.targetinitial.targetload.target

When viewing information in /dev/disk/by-path using the command ls -l, which of the following filenames represents a logical unit number (LUN) from Fibre Channel?

/dev/fc0pci-0000:1a:00.0-fc-0x500601653ee0025f:0x0000000000000000pci-0000:1a:00.0-scsi-0x500601653ee0025f:0x0000000000000000/dev/fibre0

You have purchased new solid-state drive (SSD) hardware that uses the NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) protocol but cannot find the disks in the normal /dev/sd* location in which you have traditionally found such storage. In which location should you look for these drives?

/dev/nd*/dev/nvme*/dev/nv*/dev/nvme/*

Which file contains information about the current md Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) configuration such as the personalities?

/proc/raidinfo/proc/rhyinfo/proc/mdraid/proc/mdstat

Which of the following directory hierarchies contains information such as the World Wide Name (WWN) for Fibre Channel?

/sys/class/wwn/sys/class/fc_host/sys/class/fclist/sys/class/fc/wwn

Information about logical volumes can be found in which of the following directories?

/dev/lvinfo/dev/map/dev/mapper/dev/lvmap

Which of the following commands will examine the PCI subsystem for NVMe-based devices?

psnvmelsnvmelspci | grep scsilspci | grep -i nvme

Which of the following devices is the location of the first Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) tape device detected at boot?

/dev/st1/dev/sd0/dev/sd1/dev/st0

Which of the following files should be used to display a message to users prior to logging in locally?

/etc/loginmesg/etc/logmessage.txt/etc/issue/etc/banner

Which file contains a message that is displayed after a successful login?

/etc/loginbanner/etc/issue/etc/motd/etc/message

Which of the following files can be used to provide a message to users logging in remotely with a protocol such as telnet?

/etc/telnet.msg/etc/issue.net/etc/login.msg/etc/telnet.login

Which of the following commands turns off the computer, including removing power, if possible?

systemctl haltsystemctl rebootsystemctl stopsystemctl poweroff

Which of the following shutdown commands reboots the system in 15 minutes?

shutdown -r +15shutdown +15shutdown -15shutdown -r 00:15

When terminating a process on a SysV init-based system, which command can be used to stop the process?

servicesysvsysclservc

Which of the following commands show the boot messages captured by systemd?

journalctl -bsystemctl -bjournalctl -bmjournalctl -l

Which option to the shutdown command halts or stops the system?

-h-s-f-t

Which signal number is used as SIGKILL when used with the kill command?

14911

Which directory contains rc-related startup scripts on a legacy Debian system?

/etc/init/etc/inittab/etc/init.d/etc/rc.init

When attempting to enable an integrated peripheral on a basic input/output system (BIOS) system, what should be done to determine whether the peripheral has been enabled within the BIOS?

Examine boot messages to determine if the kernel has detected the peripheral.Examine /var/log/auth.log for detection of the peripheral.Reboot the system to determine if the device works.Enable the peripheral by removing it from the blacklisted modules.

Which option to the wall command suppresses the "Broadcast message" banner that normally displays?

-b-a-n-d

Chapter 2Topic 102: Linux Installation and Package Management

THE FOLLOWING EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER:

  102.1 Design hard disk layout.

Key knowledge areas:

Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.

Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.

Ensure the

/boot

partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.

Knowledge of basic features of LVM

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

/(root) filesystem

/var

filesystem

/home

filesystem

/boot

filesystem

EFI System Partition (ESP)

swap space

mount points

partitions

  102.2 Install a boot manager.

Key knowledge areas:

Provide alternative boot locations and backup boot options.

Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy.

Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB2.

Interact with the boot loader.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

menu.lst

,

grub.cfg

, and

grub.conf

grub-install

grub-mkconfig

MBR

  102.3 Manage shared libraries.

Key knowledge areas:

Identify shared libraries.

Identify the typical locations of system libraries.

Load shared libraries.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

ldd

ldconfig

/etc/ld.so.conf

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

  102.4 Use Debian package management.

Key knowledge areas:

Install, upgrade, and uninstall Debian binary packages.

Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.

Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity, and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).

Awareness of

apt

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

/etc/apt/sources.list

dpkg

dpkg-reconfigure

apt-get

apt-cache

  102.5 Use RPM and yum package management.

Key knowledge areas:

Install, re-install, upgrade, and remove packages using RPM, yum, and zypper.

Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity, and signatures.

Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from.

Awareness of

dnf

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

rpm

rpm2cpio

/etc/yum.conf

/etc/yum.repos.d/

yum

zypper

  102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest

Key knowledge areas:

Understand the general concept of virtual machines and containers.

Understand common elements of virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block storage, and networking.

Understand unique properties of a Linux system that have to change when a system is cloned or used as a template.

Understand how system images are used to deploy virtual machines, cloud instances, and containers.

Understand Linux extensions that integrate Linux with a virtualization product.

Awareness of

cloud-init

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms, and utilities:

Virtual machine

Linux container

Application container

Guest drivers

SSH host keys

D-Bus machine id

A Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) disk will use which of the following identifiers?

/dev/hdX/dev/sataX/dev/sdX/disk/sataX

Which option given at boot time within the GRUB configuration will boot the system into single-user mode?

single-usersusingleroot

During boot of a system with GRUB, which key can be pressed to display the GRUB menu?

ShiftEVH

When booting, which option can be added to a GRUB configuration line to set or change the root partition at boot time to /dev/sda2?

rootpartition={hd0,2}root=/dev/sda2root={hd0,3}rootpartition=/dev/sda2

Which key combination will enable you to edit the kernel options and then boot when using GRUB Legacy?

ESC for editing and then Return to bootv for editing and then Return to boote for editing and then b to bootv for editing and then b to boot

During the boot process for a virtual machine, what is the next step in the boot process after the kernel has taken over the initialization process and initializes devices?

The system BIOS initializes devices.The system is placed in multi-user mode.The boot loader initializes the kernel.The root partition is mounted.

Where in the filesystem will the EFI system partition (ESP) typically be mounted?

/etc/efi/efi/sys/efi/boot/efi

When partitioning a disk for a mail server running postfix, which partition/mounted directory should be the largest in order to allow for mail storage?

/etc/usr/bin/mail/var

Which option within GRUB Legacy is used to indicate that a root partition contains a non-Linux kernel?

initrdnon-linuxrootnoverifyroot-win

Which command will output a new GRUB2 configuration file and send the output to the correct location for booting?

update-grub > /boot/grub/grub.cfgupdate-grub boot > /boot/grub.cfggrub-rc.dgrub-boot

What is the maximum number of primary partitions available on an MBR partitioning system?

2415

Which command is used to update the links and cache for shared libraries on the system?

ldcachecache-updatelink-updateldconfig

Which command and option is used to update a Debian system to the latest software?

apt-updateapt-get upgradedpkg -Uapt-cache clean

Which option given to a yum command will install a given package?

updateconfigureinstallget

What is the location of the home directory for the root user?

/home/root/home/su/root/

When using rpm2cpio, by default the output is sent to which location?

STDOUTThe cpio.out fileThe a.out fileThe /tmp/cpi.out file

Which partition or directory structure typically holds most of the programs for a Linux system?

/etc/usr/home/var

Your GRUB Legacy configuration includes a dual-boot option with Linux listed first and another operating system listed second. Which of the following options will boot to the Linux partition by default?

default=linuxdefault=0default=1default=other

Which file should you edit when using GRUB2 in order to set things like the timeout?

/etc/default/grub/etc/grub/boot/etc/boot/grub.d/grub.d/boot

Which yum option displays the dependencies for the package specified?

listdeplistdependencieslistdeps

Which options for an rpm command will display verbose output for an installation along with progress of the installation?

-ivh-wvh--avh--ins-verbose

Which of the following commands adds /usr/local/lib to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using BASH shell?

set PATH=/usr/local/libexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/libLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/libconnectpath LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

Which command can be used to download an RPM package without installing it?

yumdlyumdownloadonlyyumdownyumdownloader

Which command will search for a package named zsh on a Debian system?

apt-cache search zshapt-get search zshapt-cache locate zshapt search zsh

Which option within /etc/default/grub is used to configure the default operating system for boot?

GRUB_OSGRUB_ONGRUB_DEFAULTDEFAULT_OS

When found in a GRUB configuration file, what does the ro option indicate?

Initially mount the root partition as read-only.Mount the kernel as read-only.Start the init program as read-once.Mount the root partition in Raised Object mode.

Within which directory will you find the repositories used by yum?

/etc/yum.conf/etc/repos/etc/yum.conf.d/etc/yum.repos.d

Which rpm option can be used to verify that no files have been altered since installation?

-V-v--verbose--filesum

Which option for the grub-mkconfig command sends output to a file instead of STDOUT?

-stdout--fileout-o-f

The presence of menu.lst within the filesystem typically indicates which condition?

GRUB Legacy is in use on the system.GRUB2 is in use on the system.An error has occurred creating the output to menu.lst.The options for rescue boot have been changed.

Which command is used to determine the libraries on which a given command depends?

ldconfiglibrarylistlistdepsldd

Which of the following is true of Linux swap space?

Swap is used to hold temporary database tables.Swap is used as additional memory when there is insufficient RAM.Swap is used by the mail server for security.Swap is used to scrub data from the network temporarily.

Which of the following is not typically used to store libraries?

/lib/etc/lib/usr/lib/usr/local/lib

Which of the following commands updates the package cache for a Debian system?

apt-get cache-updateapt-cache updateapt-get updateapt-get upgrade

Within which file are details of the current package repositories stored on a Debian system?

/etc/apt.list/etc/sources.list/etc/apt/sources.list/etc/apt.d/sources.list

Of the following choices, which size would be most appropriate for the /boot partition of a Linux system?

Between 100MB and 500MBBetween 1GB and 10GB/boot should not be partitioned separately.Less than 5MB

Which of the following commands initializes a physical disk partition for use with Logical Volume Manager (LVM)?

lvmcreatepvcreatefvcreatelvinit

Which of the following commands installs GRUB into the MBR of the second SATA disk?

grub-install /dev/hdb2grub-install /dev/sda2grub-config /dev/sdagrub-install /dev/sdb

Which command should be used to make changes to the choices made when a Debian package was installed?

dpkg-reconfiguredpkg -rdpkg --reconfapt-get reinstall

Which command is used to create a logical volume with LVM?

pvcreatelvmcreatelvcreatevolcreate

What is the logical order for creation of an LVM logical volume?

Physical volume creation, volume group creation, logical volume creationPhysical volume creation, logical volume creation, volume group creationLogical volume creation, physical volume creation, volume group creationLVM creation, format, partition

Which of the Debian package management tools provides a terminal-based interface for management?

apt-getdpkgapt-cacheaptitude

Which option for yum performs a search of the package cache?

seekquery--searchsearch

Which command option for rpm can be used to show the version of the kernel?

rpm kernelrpm -qa kernelrpm search kernelrpm --list kern

Assuming a menu entry of Debian in your GRUB configuration, which option in /etc/default/grub would set that as the default operating system to boot?

GRUB_OSGRUB_OS_DEFGRUB_DEFAULTGRUB_CONF

Which option in /etc/yum.conf is used to ensure that the kernel is not updated when the system is updated?

exclude=kernel*exclude-kernelupdatekernel=falseinclude-except=kernel

Which command should be run after making a change to the /etc/default/grub file?

grubgrub-mkconfiggrub-instreboot

Which command searches for and provides information on a given package on a Debian system, including whether or not the package is currently installed?

dpkg -idpkg -sapt-cacheapt-info

Which command is used to search for physical volumes for use with LVM?

lvmcreatepvcreatelvmdiskscanlvmscan

Which option added to yumdownloader will also download dependencies?

--deps--resolve--resdeps-d

Which of the following installs a previously downloaded Debian package?

dpkg -i <package name>apt-install <package name>apt-slash <package name>dpkg -U <package name>

A hard drive is reported as hd(0,0) by the GRUB Legacy configuration file. To which of the following disks and partitions does this correspond?

/dev/hdb2/dev/hda0/dev/disk1/dev/sda1

Which filesystem format type is used for the EFI System Partition (ESP)?

FATEXT4NTFSEXT3

Which of the following commands installs extlinux into the /boot partition?

extlinux --install /bootextlinux --inst /bootextlinux -bootextlinux /boot install

Which of the following commands mounts /dev/sda1 in the /boot partition?

mount /dev/sda /bootmount /boot /dev/sda1mount /dev/sda1 /bootmount -dev sda1 /boot

Which of the following can be identified as an initial sector on a disk that stores information about the disk partitioning and operating system location?

Minimal boot record (MBR)Master boot record (MBR)Init sectorMaster partition table (MPT)

Which option to grub-install will place the GRUB images into an alternate directory?

--boot-dir-b-boot--boot-directory

Within which file is a list of the currently mounted filesystems stored?

/etc/fstab/etc/curmount/var/spool/files/etc/mtab

Which command is used to activate swap space on a system?

mkswapswaponswapactactswap

Which of the following commands displays information about a given physical volume in an LVM setup?

pvdisppvlistpvdisplaypvl

Which of the following commands creates a logical volume with LVM?

lvclvcreatelvlistlvmake

Which of the following commands looks for LVM physical volumes and volume groups involved in an LVM configuration?

vgscanlvmscanlvlistpvlist

Which of the following commands is used to display a list of physical volumes involved in LVM?

pvdisppvlistpvscanpvmm

Which option to lvchange sets whether the logical volume is available?

-a-b-c-d

When working with a script to create directories, the script is checking to see if srv/vhosts exists. When doing an ls of the root directory, /, you see that it does exist. However, the script does not. What might be the issue?

The script is not executable.The script does not have the setuid bit set.The script is using a relative path.The script is owned by root.

You are architecting an application and need to choose between application containerization and virtualization. Which of the following describes a difference between application containers and a virtual machine?

An application container can contain only one application whereas a virtual machine can contain many.An application container shares the host kernel whereas a virtual machine can have its own kernel.An application container is used for small applications whereas a virtual machine is used for large applications.The use of application containers is for testing only whereas a virtual machine is used for production.

In addition to including /lib and /usr/lib, where does ldconfig look to find additional directories to incorporate into the library path?

/etc/lib.conf/etc/ldconf/etc/lib.cfg/etc/ld.so.conf

You are working with a cloud instance virtual machine deployed with an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider. The virtual machine is running slowly. Which type of resource might you add to the cloud instance in order to improve performance?

ComputeBlock storageNetworkingDisk

When working with a system to determine if it is using GRUB or GRUB2, the presence of which file indicates that it is GRUB2?

grub.cfggrub.confmenu.lstgrub2.conf

You are working to create a system image or template from which other virtual machines will be deployed. Which of the following represents a unique item that will change with each deployed virtual host or image?

System directoriesMAC addressGuest driversPilot homing

Which program can be used to deploy an Ubuntu image to a remote cloud provider?

dep-imagecloud-initinit-cloudimage-dep

Which file is used as the primary configuration file for the yum package manager?

/etc/yum.cfg/etc/yum.d/etc/yum.conf/etc/yum.config

Which of the following commands and options lists all of the files included with a package on a Debian system?

apt -Ldpkg -Ldpkg -fapt-get show

When working with SSH (Secure Shell) keys for a virtual machine cloud deployment, which key is deployed to the virtual machine so that you can connect from the host?

The public keyThe signature fileThe private keyBoth the public and private keys

When using a GPT disk, which partition needs to be created for a Linux system to boot?

/boot/efi/boot/gpt/gpt/vmgpt

Which option to zypper installs a package?

installretrgetref

You are working with a Fedora 22 system and need to install a package. Which of the following is the default package manager on this system?

yumaptdpkgdnf

You need to list the files available on a package on CentOS. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?

repoquery -lpkgquery -ldpkg -Lpkglist

You need to create a backup of user home directories including root. Which directory or directories need to be included in the backup?

/home/home and /home/root/home and /root/home and /root/home

In which file can you find the unique D-Bus machine ID for a given system?

/etc/machine-id/etc/machineID/etc/mch.conf/etc/machine.id.conf

Which option to ldconfig can be used to process only those directories given on the command line rather than the directories found in /etc/ld.so.conf?

-n-i-v-r

When working with package caches on Debian, you need to determine if the package list is being updated. Which option to apt-cache shows the number of available packages on the system?

packagenumstatusstatsliststatus

Which option to grub-install specifies the directory in which the EFI partition is located?

--boot-dir--efi--efi-boot--efi-directory

Within which file are mount points for the system stored?

/etc/fstab/etc/mtab/etc/partitions.list/etc/disk.conf

Which of the following option sets for rpm lists the files within the package?

lfqlpqfeps

When working with a CentOS system, you need to determine the release of a certain package. Which command and option will accomplish this task?

dpkg -iyum infoyum searchapt search