Mammal Societies E-Book

Tim Clutton-Brock

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 2120

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

The book aims to integrate our understanding of mammalian societies into a novel synthesis that is relevant to behavioural ecologists, ecologists, and anthropologists. It adopts a coherent structure that deals initially with the characteristics and strategies of females, before covering those of males, cooperative societies and hominid societies. It reviews our current understanding both of the structure of societies and of the strategies of individuals; it combines coverage of relevant areas of theory with coverage of interspecific comparisons, intraspecific comparisons and experiments; it explores both evolutionary causes of different traits and their ecological consequences; and it integrates research on different groups of mammals with research on primates and humans and attempts to put research on human societies into a broader perspective.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Social Evolution

1.1 Origins

1.2 Sociality and Mating Systems

1.3 Reproductive Competition

1.4 Mate Choice

1.5 Parental Care

1.6 Cooperation

1.7 Loaded Labels

References

Chapter 2: Female Sociality

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Contrasts in Female Sociality

2.3 Benefits of Grouping

2.4 Costs of Grouping

2.5 Sociality and Fitness

2.6 Comparative Sociality

2.7 The Distribution of Female Sociality

2.8 Group Coordination

2.9 Consequences of Female Sociality

References

Chapter 3: Female Dispersal and Philopatry

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Variation in Female Philopatry and Dispersal

3.3 Benefits of Philopatry

3.4 Benefits of Dispersing

3.5 Species Differences in Female Philopatry

3.6 Social and Ecological Consequences of Female Philopatry

References

Chapter 4: Female Mating Decisions

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Direct Benefits of Mate Choice to Females

4.3 Genetic Benefits of Mate Choice to Females

4.4 Female Mating Preferences

4.5 Mate Choice Copying

4.6 Partner Number and Post-Copulatory Mate Choice

4.7 Variation in Mate Choice and Partner Number

4.8 Consequences of Female Mating Preferences

References

Chapter 5: Maternal care

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The evolution of Maternal Care

5.3 Prenatal Investment

5.4 Maternal Effects

5.5 Lactation and Infant Care

5.6 Post-Weaning Investment

5.7 Investment Strategies

5.8 Relationships between Siblings

5.9 Parent–Offspring Conflict

5.10 Consequences of Maternal care

References

Chapter 6: Social development

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Social Learning

6.3 Social Development

6.4 Play

6.5 Social Knowledge

6.6 Individual Differences and Personality

6.7 Traditions

References

Chapter 7: Communication

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Types of Signal

7.3 Signalling in Theory and Practice

References

Chapter 8: Competition Between Females

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Competitive Tactics

8.3 Social Structure and Competition

8.4 Conflict Proliferation and Limitation

8.5 Consequences of Female Competition

References

Chapter 9: Cooperation Between Females

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Cooperation in Different Contexts

9.3 Cheating in Theory and Practice

9.4 The Evolution of Cooperation

9.5 Consequences of Cooperation

References

Chapter 10: Mating Systems

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Social Monogamy

10.3 Polygynous Systems

10.4 Genetic Mating Systems

10.5 Consequences of Polygyny

References

Chapter 11: Association between Males

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Contrasts in the Formation and Structure of Male Groups

11.3 Costs of Association to Males

11.4 Benefits of Association to Males

11.5 Kinship, Familiarity, Cooperation and Hostility

11.6 The Size of Male Associations

11.7 Contrasts in Reproductive Skew

11.8 Consequences of Male Association

References

Chapter 12: Male Dispersal and its Consequences

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Variation in Dispersal Rates by Males

12.3 The Costs and Benefits of Dispersal to Males

12.4 Secondary Dispersal by Males

12.5 Sex Differences in Philopatry

12.6 Dispersal Distance

12.7 The Social and Ecological Consequences of Male Dispersal

References

Chapter 13: Reproductive Competition Among Males

13.1 Introduction

13.2 The Benefits and Costs of Fighting

13.3 Assessment and the Evolution of Male Displays

13.4 Adaptive Fighting Tactics

13.5 Benefits and Costs of Mate Guarding

13.6 Adaptive Guarding Tactics

13.7 Alternative Tactics

13.8 Sperm Competition

13.9 Consequences of Reproductive Competition between Males

References

Chapter 14: Relationships between Males in Multi-Male Groups

14.1 Introduction

14.2 The Development of Dominance

14.3 Dominance and Breeding Success

14.4 Reproductive Skew in Multi-Male Groups

14.5 Dominance, Condition and Survival

14.6 Coalitions and Alliances

14.7 Market Models and the Dynamics of Supportive Relationships

14.8 Punishment, Retaliation and Reconciliation

14.9 The Consequences of Male Hierarchies

References

Chapter 15: Males and females

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Male Mate Choice

15.3 Manipulation

15.4 Coercion

15.5 Female Counter-Strategies to Male Coercion

15.6 Male Infanticide

15.7 Female Counter-Strategies to Male Infanticide

15.8 Post-Copulatory Sexual Conflict

15.9 Demographic Consequences of Sexual Conflict

References

Chapter 16: Paternal Care

16.1 Introduction

16.2 The Distribution of Paternal Care

16.3 Control Mechanisms

16.4 Benefits and Costs of Paternal Care

16.5 Tactical Investment

16.6 Conflicts between Parents

16.7 Male Care and the Evolution of Mating Systems

References

Chapter 17: Cooperative Breeding

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Delayed Dispersal

17.3 Reproductive Suppression

17.4 Reproductive Skew

17.5 Benefits and Costs of Helping

17.6 Division of Labour

17.7 Regulation of Workload

17.8 The Evolution of Cooperative Breeding

17.9 Consequences of Cooperative Breeding

References

Chapter 18: Sex differences

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Body Size

18.3 Weaponry

18.4 Ornaments

18.5 Growth

18.6 Nursing

18.7 Social Development

18.8 Feeding Ecology

18.9 Mortality

18.10 Sex Ratios at Birth

18.11 Adult Sex Ratios

References

Chapter 19: Hominins and Humans

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Human Evolution

19.3 Life Histories

19.4 Sex Differences

19.5 Hominin and Human Societies

19.6 Why us?

References

Chapter 20: Human behaviour

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Mate Choice

20.3 Parental Care

20.4 Allo-Parental Care

20.5 Cooperation

20.6 The Human Condition

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 7.1

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

List of Illustrations

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