Microwaves in Catalysis E-Book

Satoshi Horikoshi

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 707

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

A comprehensive overview covering the principles and preparation of catalysts, as well as reactor technology and applications in the field of organic synthesis, energy production, and environmental catalysis.
Edited and authored by renowned and experienced scientists, this reference focuses on successful reaction procedures for applications in industry. Topics include catalyst preparation, the treatment of waste water and air, biomass and waste valorisation, hydrogen production, oil refining as well as organic synthesis in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts and continuous-flow reactions.
With its practical relevance and successful methodologies, this is a valuable guide for chemists at universities working in the field of catalysis, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical or green chemistry, as well as researchers and engineers in the chemical industry.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1: General Introduction to Microwave Chemistry

1.1 Electromagnetic Waves and Dielectric Materials

1.2 Microwave Heating

1.3 The Various Types of Microwave Heating Phenomena

1.4 Fields of Applications with Microwave Heating

1.5 Microwaves in Solid Material Processing

1.6 Microwaves in Organic Syntheses

1.7 Microwave Chemical Equipment

1.8 Chemical Reactions Using the Characteristics of Microwave Heating

1.9 Microwave Frequency Effect in Chemical Syntheses

1.10 Summary

References

Part I: Fundamentals

Chapter 2: Loss Mechanisms and Microwave-Specific Effects in Heterogeneous Catalysis

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Heterogeneous Catalyst Systems

2.3 Physics of Microwave Absorption

2.4 Microwave Loss Processes in Solids

2.5 Loss Processes and Microwave-Specific Catalysis: Lessons from Gas–Carbon Reactions

2.6 Final Comments on Microwave-Specific Effects in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3: Transport Phenomena and Thermal Property under Microwave Irradiation

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Bubble Formation

3.3 Convection

3.4 Surface Tension

3.5 Discussion of Nonthermal Effect for Nanobubble Formation

References

Chapter 4: Managing Microwave-Induced Hot Spots in Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems

4.1 What Are Hot Spots?

4.2 Microwaves in Heterogeneous Catalysis

4.3 Microwave-Induced Formation of Hot Spots in Heterogeneous Catalysis

References

Part II: Applications – Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts

Chapter 5: Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts by a Microwave Selective Heating Method

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Synthesis of Metal Catalysts on Carbonaceous Material Supports

5.3 Photocatalysts

5.4 Microwave-Assisted Syntheses of Catalytic Materials for Fuel Cell Applications

5.5 Other Catalysts Prepared by Microwave-Related Procedures

5.6 Concluding Remarks

References

Part III: Applications – Microwave Flow Systems and Microwave Methods Coupled to Other Techniques

Chapter 6: Microwaves in Cu-Catalyzed Organic Synthesis in Batch and Flow Mode

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Microwave-Assisted Copper Catalysis for Organic Syntheses in Batch Processes

6.3 Microwave-Assisted Copper Catalysis for Organic Syntheses in Flow Processes

6.4 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 7: Pilot Plant for Continuous Flow Microwave-Assisted Chemical Reactions

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Continuous Flow Microwave-Assisted Chemical Reactor

7.3 Pilot Plant

7.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 8: Efficient Catalysis by Combining Microwaves with Other Enabling Technologies

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Catalysis with Hyphenated and Tandem Techniques

8.3 Microwave and Mechanochemical Activation

8.4 Microwave and UV Irradiation

8.5 Microwave and Ultrasound

8.6 Conclusions

References

Part IV: Applications – Organic Reactions

Chapter 9: Applications of Microwave Chemistry in Various Catalyzed Organic Reactions

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Microwave-Assisted Reactions in Organic Solvents

9.3 Microwave-Assisted Reactions in Water-Coupling Reactions

9.4 Conclusions and Prospects

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 10: Microwave-Assisted Solid Acid Catalysis

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Microwave-Assisted Clay Catalysis

10.3 Zeolites in Microwave Catalysis

10.4 Microwave Application of Other Solid Acid Catalysts

10.5 Conclusions and Outlook

References

Chapter 11: Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Reactions

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Synthewave (ProLabo)

11.3 Discover Series (CEM)

11.4 Mechanism of the Microwave-Assisted Enzymatic Reaction

References

Part V: Applications – Hydrogenation and Fuel Formation

Chapter 12: Effects of Microwave Activation in Hydrogenation–Dehydrogenation Reactions

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Specific Features of Catalytic Reactions Involving Hydrogen

12.3 Hydrogenation Processes under MW Conditions

12.4 Dehydrogenation

12.5 Hydrogen Storage

12.6 Hydrogenation of Coal

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 13: Hydrogen Evolution from Organic Hydrides through Microwave Selective Heating in Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems

13.1 Situation of Hydrogen Energy and Feature of Stage Methods

13.2 Selection of Organic Hydrides as the Hydrogen Carriers

13.3 Dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons with Microwaves in Heterogeneous Catalytic Media

13.4 Dehydrogenation of Methane with Microwaves in a Heterogeneous Catalytic System

13.5 Problems and Improvements of Microwave-Assisted Heterogeneous Catalysis

Acknowledgments

References

Part VI: Applications – Oil Refining

Chapter 14: Microwave-Stimulated Oil and Gas Processing

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Early Publications

14.3 Use of Microwave Activation in Catalytic Processes of Gas and Oil Conversions

14.4 Prospects for the Use of Microwave Radiation in Oil and Gas Processing

Acknowledgment

References

Part VII: Applications – Biomass and Wastes

Chapter 15: Algal Biomass Conversion under Microwave Irradiation

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Microwave Effect on Hydrothermal Conversion – Analysis Using Biomass Model Compounds

15.3 Hydrolysis of Biomass Using Ionic Conduction of Catalysts

15.4 Dielectric Property of Algal Hydrocolloids in Water

15.5 Summary and Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 16: Microwave-Assisted Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion

16.3 Multi-mode Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor

16.4 Direct-Irradiation Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor

16.5 Pilot-Plant-Scale Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor

16.6 Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 17: Biomass and Waste Valorization under Microwave Activation

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Vegetable Oil and Glycerol Conversion

17.3 Conversion of Carbohydrates

17.4 Cellulose Conversion

17.5 Lignin Processing

17.6 Waste and Renewable Raw Material Processing

17.7 Carbon Gasification

17.8 Prospects for the Use of Microwave Irradiation in the Conversion of Biomass and Renewables

Acknowledgment

References

Part VIII: Applications – Environmental Catalysis

Chapter 18: Oxidative and Reductive Catalysts for Environmental Purification Using Microwaves

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Microwave Heating of Catalyst Oxides Used for Environmental Purification

18.3 Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Oxidation of VOCs, Odorants, and Soot

18.4 Microwave-Assisted Reduction of NO

x

and SO

2

18.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 19: Microwave-/Photo-Driven Photocatalytic Treatment of Wastewaters

19.1 Situation of Wastewater Treatment by Photocatalytic Classical Methods

19.2 Experimental Setup of an Integrated Microwave/Photoreactor System

19.3 Microwave-/Photo-Driven Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment

19.4 Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamps (MDELs)

19.5 Summary Remarks

References

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1: General Introduction to Microwave Chemistry

Figure 1.1 Resonance of dielectric to electromagnetic waves and positioning of the analytical equipment.

Figure 1.2 Image of dipole rotation for polar molecule in an electric field ( field).