Modern Standardization E-Book

Ron Schneiderman

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 491

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

This book includes a collection of standards-specific case studies. The case studies offer an opportunity to combine the teaching preferences of educators with the goals of the SEC (Standards Education Committee); providing students with “real-world” insight into the technical, political, and economic arenas of engineering.

• Encourages students to think critically about standards development and technology solutions
• Reinforces the usage of standards as an impetus for innovation
• Will help understand the dynamics and impacts of standards

A curriculum guide is available to instructors who have adopted the book for a course.  To obtain the guide, please send a request to: [email protected].

Leseprobe

IEEE Press445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial BoardTariq Samad, Editor in Chief

George W. Arnold

Vladimir Lumelsky

Linda Shafer

Dmitry Goldgof

Pui-In Mak

Zidong Wang

Ekram Hossain

Jeffrey Nanzer

MengChu Zhou

Mary Lanzerotti

Ray Perez

George Zobrist

Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

Technical Reviewer

Yatin Trivedi Director of Standards, Synopsys Inc.2013 Chair, Standards Education Committee, IEEE

Modern Standardization

Case Studies at the Crossroads of Technology, Economics, and Politics

Ron Schneiderman

IEEE Standards designations are trademarks of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (www.ieee.org/).

Non-IEEE trademarks are the respective property of their owners.

Copyright © 2015 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Schneiderman, Ron.     Modern standardization : case studies at the crossroads of technology, economics, and politics /     Ron Schneiderman.           pages    cm     ISBN 978-1-118-67859-6 (cloth)   1. Standardization–Economic aspects–Case studies.   I. Title.     HD62.S36 2015     389'.6–dc23

2014037177

Contents

Introduction Making a Difference by Doing Much of the Same

ABOUT THIS BOOK

THE PUSH FOR OPEN STANDARDS

ENTER OPENSTAND

THE INTERNET AND ITS IMPACT ON STANDARDS

WHERE DOES ALL THIS LEAVE SDOs?

ROLLING OUT IPv6

STANDARDS AND TRADE

CONSORTIA—CHAOS AND COMPROMISE

CASE STUDY TOPICS IN THIS BOOK

CHAPTER 1 Smart Grid Takes on Critical Standards Challenges

A SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS

JUMP STARTING THE SMART GRID

THE STANDARDS PRIORITY

STRICTLY BUSINESS

UNITED STATES HAS A RUNNING START

SMART METER CONCERNS

IEEE AND THE SMART GRID

CATALOG OF STANDARDS

TIMING IS EVERYTHING

EUROPE'S INTERCONNECTED GRID

CHINA GOES SMART

THE SMART GRID IN CITIES

WIRELESS EVERYWHERE

ADVANTAGE, CONSUMER

LEVERAGING HOME NETWORKS

CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT

CYBERSECURITY BECOMES A MAJOR ISSUE

SOLAR FLARE THREATS

MORE TO COME

CHAPTER 2 Bluetooth and ZigBee—Fast-Paced Standards Development Boosts Growth

JUMP STARTING THE TECHNOLOGY

INTEROPERABILITY–THE (ALMOST) KILLER ISSUE

WHY “BLUETOOTH?”

BLUETOOTH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT: A TIMELINE

BLUETOOTH TODAY

THE ZIGBEE STORY

THE BLUETOOTH AND WI-FI GAP

FITS AND STARTS

ZIGBEE PRODUCTS

CHANGING OF THE GUARD

RECENT ZIGBEE SMART GRID DEVELOPMENTS

CHAPTER 3 Developing a Standard for Electrical Trace Heating

WHY A NEW STANDARD WAS NEEDED

ESTABLISHING A NEW STANDARD

PUTTING ASIDE DIFFERENCES

FORMING A WORKING GROUP

CONFIDENCE SURGES

MANUFACTURERS EXPERIENCE GROWTH

GOING GLOBAL

HISTORY AND TIMELINE OF IEEE 515

WHAT'S NEXT? A JOINTLY DEVELOPED INTERNATIONAL STANDARD: IEC/IEEE 60079-30

CHAPTER 4 TV “White Space” Standards Open New Markets

MAKING IT HAPPEN

PROTECTING THE SYSTEM

SETTING A STANDARD

SUPER WI-FI?

PLUGGING DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS

DSA AND THE MILITARY

FINDING COMMON GROUND

ECONOMICS OF TV WHITE SPACES

ABOUT THOSE BROADCASTERS

WIRELESS MICS BECOME AN ISSUE

NEVER MIND

THE GLOBAL IMPACT

FUTURE CHALLENGES

JAPAN ADOPTS WHITE SPACE

ANOTHER MAJOR MARKET

WHAT'S NEXT?

SPECTRUM SENSING

CHAPTER 5 New and Emerging Standards Help Promote Medical Device Development

MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS

TOO MANY RADIOS?

A WORK IN PROGRESS

GOING TO MARKET

PLENTY OF STANDARDS, MORE COMING

FDA RECOGNIZES IEEE STANDARDS

A DEVICE, NOT A DEVICE

FDA DEFINES ITS “STANDARDS”

NFC STANDARDS AND DEVICES

MEDICAL DEVICE DESIGN CHALLENGES

MORE MARKET RESEARCH

MAJOR MARKETS, PLAYERS

M2M IN TELECARE

INTERNET OF (MEDICAL) THINGS

THE IP WARS

PRIVACY ISSUES

CHAPTER 6 Wireless Chargers Become A Standards Battle Zone

GOING GLOBAL

CHARGED UP

HOW IT WORKS

THE RESONANCE APPROACH

PMA AND A4WP UNITE

FOR PMA: AN OPEN SPEC

THE TEST MARKET: STARBUCKS AND MCDONALD'S

GETTING THE WORD OUT

INTEL INSIDE

MILITARY NEEDS WIRELESS CHARGING

APPLE GETS A BITE

INNOVATIVE, ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO WIRELESS POWER

CHAPTER 7 Vehicle “Black Box” Gets Its Own Standard

SOME BACKGROUND …

JUMP STARTING EDRs

COST BECOMES AN ISSUE

MORE STUDIES, MORE DATA

A MAJOR STANDARD REVISION

PRIVACY A DRIVING ISSUE

UPDATING DRIVER PRIVACY

HACKING YOUR CAR CODE

EUROPE TEST DRIVES EDRs

MORE GM RECALLS

MORE TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 8 EDA Sets the Standard for Complexity

WHERE DO EDA STANDARDS COME FROM?

SEMICONDUCTORS AND EDA

WORKS IN PROGRESS

IT'S A BUSINESS

KEY STANDARDS

EDA CONSOLIDATIONS—CONSORTIA AND COMPANIES

EDA AND THE INTERNET

BACK TO SCHOOL

CHAPTER 9 Internet of Things/M2M—A (Standards) Work in Progress

FROM RFID TO IoT

DEFINING THINGS

IoT AND THE ITU

ACCELERATING STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT OF IoT

M2M CONSORTIA NOT FAR BEHIND

MULTI-MODE WIRELESS SENSORS

BIG NUMBERS, BIG DREAMS

OPERATORS SEE OPPORTUNITY IN M2M

IN THE CHIPS

CONNECTED CAR STANDARDS

REGULATORY ISSUES

HACK MY FRIDGE?

POLITICS, BUT NOT AS USUAL

Epilogue Standard Essential Patents Make Business (and Political) Headlines

SDO PATENT POLICIES

PATENT HOLD-UPS

NEW IEEE-SA PATENT POLICY

PATENTS ARE A BIG BUSINESS

US STUDY DEFINES GLOBAL IP CHALLENGES

THE R&D FACTOR

PATENT TROLLS' IMPACT ON STANDARDS

PATENT POOLING

International Standards Development Organizations Defined

Index

EULA

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1

Distribution automation will be a major market driver globally according to a study of the global smart grid market by GTM Research. GTM has examined the expected growth rate of individual regions as well as the cumulative global growth rates of discrete smart grid technologies. From: GTM Research.

Figure 1.2

The NAN is defined as a utility's last mile, outdoor access network that connects smart meters and distribution automation devices to WAN gateways such as RF collectors or data concentrators and field devices.

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1

From: Timo Elliott.

Figure 9.2

Evans Data's survey of more than 1400 developers worldwide showed that the strongest development of IoT was occurring in the Asia-Pacific region where 20% said they were working on IoT project. North American developers lagged slightly behind the Asians with 16% working on IoT projects. From: Evans Data.

Guide

Cover

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IntroductionMaking a Difference by Doing Much of the Same

“What's a technical standard?” Whenever I was asked that question, I usually offered 35 mm film as an example. And just about everyone got it, although time has pretty much run out on that explanation. (I could have said the plug in the wall, but that would have been too easy.) Of course, it's much more complicated. Developing a technical standard or family of standards is usually critical to a product's success. But it's not always the technology that wins the day. VHS and Betamax looked, functioned, and performed similarly, and each of these systems were introduced with a long list of viable technical standards. Even though just about everyone agreed that Betamax performed better than VHS, it got out priced, out vendored, out marketed, and outsold.

Only in recent decades have technology standards had any significant impact on global innovation. “A century ago, there were some national electric power standards [the 60 Hz, 110 V, power receptacle, for example], but there were none that I can recollect at the international level,” notes Yatin Trivedi, past chair of the IEEE Standards Education Committee, a member of the IEEE Standards Association's Standard Board, and director of standards and interoperability programs at Synopsys, Inc. “Fifty years ago, NTSC, PAL, and SECAM standards wreaked havoc among content creators to achieve any interoperability among TV and video recorders.” Today, Trivedi says, “we all deal with the one of the most frequently faced technology problems of this decade—not being able to use your friend's incompatible phone charger when your phone battery dies, because you forgot your charger at home.” Trivedi believes these and other examples of interoperability problems were created largely by product proliferation, not necessarily created by standards development organizations (SDOs) themselves. “In the present paradigm,” he says, “standards become critically important to the innovation equation.”