Molecular Neuroendocrinology E-Book

David Murphy

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley-INF Neuroendocrinology Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1196

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

Molecular Neuroendocrinology: From Genome to Physiology, provides researchers and students with a critical examination of the steps being taken to decipher genome complexity in the context of the expression, regulation and physiological functions of genes in neuroendocrine systems.

The 19 chapters are divided into four sectors: A) describes and explores the genome, its evolution, expression and the mechanisms that contribute to protein, and hence biological, diversity. B) discusses the mechanisms that enhance peptide and protein diversity beyond what is encoded in the genome through post-translational modification. C) considers the molecular tools that today’s neuroendocrinologists can use to study the regulation and function of neuroendocrine genes within the context of the intact organism. D) presents a range of case studies that exemplify the state-of-the-art application of genomic technologies in physiological and behavioural experiments that seek to better understand complex biological processes.

• Written by a team of internationally renowned researchers
• Both print and enhanced e-book versions are available
• Illustrated in full colour throughout

This is the third volume in a new Series  ‘Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology’ , a co- publication between Wiley and the INF (International Neuroendocrine Federation) that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.

Series Editors: John A. Russell, University of Edinburgh, UK and William E. Armstrong, The University of Tennessee, USA

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

List of Contributors

Series Preface

About the Companion Website

Introduction

Part A: Genome and Genome Expression

CHAPTER 1: Evolutionary Aspects of Physiological Function and Molecular Diversity of the Oxytocin/Vasopressin Signaling System

1.1 Evolution of peptidergic signaling

1.2 The discovery of neuropeptide signaling components in the era of genomics

1.3 Evolutionary aspects of OXT/AVP diversity

1.4 Physiology of OXT and AVP signaling: from worm to man

1.5 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 2: The Neuroendocrine Genome:

2.1 The discovery of neuropeptides

2.2 Characteristics of neuropeptides

2.3 Neuropeptide genes in the genome

2.4 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Further reading

CHAPTER 3: Transcriptome Dynamics

3.1 Approaching transcriptome dynamics

3.2 Transcriptome dynamics in neuroendocrine systems

3.3 Transcriptome dynamics in the pineal gland: lessons from different approaches

3.4 SN-NICHD transcriptome profiling web page

3.5 Perspectives

References

CHAPTER 4: New Players in the Neuroendocrine System:

4.1 Non-coding RNA contribution to gene regulation

4.2 Central role of the hypothalamus as a neuroendocrine organ

4.3 The pituitary gland and its central control of the peripheral endocrine system

4.4 The pineal gland – a connector between external environment and internal homeostasis

4.5 Perspectives

References

CHAPTER 5: Transcription Factors Regulating Neuroendocrine Development, Function, and Oncogenesis

5.1 The key players in transcriptional regulation

5.2 Classes of neuroendocrine-associated TFs

5.3 REST: a zinc finger TF with complex regulation and diverse function

5.4 Cooperation of TFs in neuroendocrine phenotype and function

5.5 Perspectives

References

CHAPTER 6: Epigenetics

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Early life adversity shapes the HPA axis

6.3 Epigenetic mechanisms: changes in the regulation of gene activity and expression that are not dependent on gene sequence

6.4 Methods of epigenetic analysis

6.5 Alterations in epigenetic processes

6.6 The epigenome and early life adversity

6.7 Perspectives

References

Further reading

Part B: Proteins, Posttranslational Mechanisms, and Receptors

CHAPTER 7: Proteome and Peptidome Dynamics

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Classic neuropeptides and proteins in the RSP

7.3 Techniques used to study the rate of peptide biosynthesis

7.4 Dynamics of intracellular proteins and peptides

7.5 Perspectives

References

CHAPTER 8: Neuropeptidomics

8.1 Neuropeptides – one gene, multiple products

8.2 Mining the neuropeptidome 21st-century style using mass spectrometry-based ‘omics approaches

8.3 What do all these peptides do? Follow-up functional studies

8.4 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Further reading

CHAPTER 9: Posttranslational Processing of Secretory Proteins

9.1 Posttranslational modifications of secretory proteins

9.2 The family of proprotein convertases

9.3 The neural and endocrine functions of the proprotein convertases

9.4 Perspectives

References

CHAPTER 10: Neuropeptide Receptors

10.1 Neuropeptides as signaling molecules

10.2 Most neuropeptide receptors are G protein coupled

10.3 Neuropeptide receptor expression in the brain

10.4 Functional diversity of neuropeptide receptors

10.5 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Part C: The Tool Kit

CHAPTER 11: Germline Transgenesis

11.1 Introduction

11.2 A transgene tool kit primer

11.3 Programmable nucleases: ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/cas9 nuclease

11.4 Controlling transgenes with multicomponent systems

11.5 Validity of species and strain choices

11.6 Conclusion: perspectives and opportunities provided by the new toolbox

References

Further reading

CHAPTER 12: Somatic Transgenesis (Viral Vectors)

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Overview of viral vectors

12.3 Cell type-specific targeting of neuroendocrine neurons

12.4 Application of viral vectors

12.5 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 13: Optogenetics Enables Selective Control of Cellular Electrical Activity

13.1 Introduction: what is optogenetics?

13.2 Optogenetic actuators allow selective control of cellular activity

13.3 Using optogenetic actuators to study the function of neurons and circuits

13.4 Methods for delivery of optogenetic actuators

13.5 Light delivery strategies for optical control

13.6 Study of the neuroendocrine system via optogenetics

13.7 Future prospects for optogenetics

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 14: Non-Mammalian Models for Neurohypophysial Peptides

14.1 Historical overview

14.2 Evolutionary perspective on oxytocin and vasopressin peptides sequence and structure

14.3 Anatomy of neurohypophysial neurons in non-mammalian species

14.4 Function

14.5 Modes of communication

14.6 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Part D: Case Studies – Integration and Translation

CHAPTER 15: Osmoregulation

15.1 Body fluid homeostasis

15.2 Osmosensory mechanisms

15.3 Function-related plasticity in the HNS

15.4 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 16: Food Intake, Circuitry, and Energy Metabolism

16.1 Obesity is a problem … who can we blame?

16.2 Genetics as a tool

16.3 Body weight is homeostatically controlled

16.4 The brain (north of the neck)

16.5 Neuronal development and plasticity

16.6 Hedonic control of food intake

16.7 The natural response

References

CHAPTER 17: Stress Adaptation and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

17.1 Stress and stress response

17.2 Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action

17.3 Regulation of HPA axis activity during stress

17.4 Pituitary targets in HPA axis regulation

17.5 Cytokines and HPA axis responses to stress

17.6 Perspectives

References

CHAPTER 18: Neuroendocrine Control of Female Puberty

18.1 Introduction

18.2 The hormonal changes of puberty

18.3 The glial contribution

18.4 Gene networks controlling puberty

18.5 Transcriptional repression: a key regulatory mechanism of prepubertal development

18.6 Epigenetic information: an integrating mechanism of reproductive neuroendocrine development

18.7 Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 19: Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Diversity in Social Behavior

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Oxytocin, vasopressin, and social behavior

19.3 Oxytocin and vasopressin in the vertebrate brain

19.4 OXT and AVP receptors

19.5 Neuropeptide receptor expression contributes to individual differences in behavior

19.6 How diversity in receptor expression is achieved

19.7 Translational implications for OXTR and AVRP1A

19.8 Perspectives

References

Glossary

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 01

Table 1.1 Inferred evolutionary relationships between the different ancestral bilaterian peptidergic systems.

Table 1.2 OXT/AVP-like peptide sequences across the animal kingdom.

Table 1.3 Overview of OXT and AVP nonapeptide physiology.

Chapter 02

Table 2.1 Neuropeptide gene families and receptors. Neuropeptide genes are listed according to family relationships. For each gene, chromosomal localization, brain expression, encoded precursor structure, biologically active peptide products, and their established receptors are presented. Hyperlinks provide additional information to the locus in the human chromosome through http://genome.ucsc.edu/, to neuroanatomy of mouse brain expression through the Allen Brain Atlas, or GenePaint, structural comparison to related precursors and those of other species through the BLINK tool of NCBI, and to receptor properties through the IUPHAR database.