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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Manage, fine-tune, secure and deploy your MongoDB solution with ease with the help of practical recipes
About This Book
- Configure and deploy your MongoDB instance securely, without any hassle
- Optimize your database's query performance, perform scale-out operations, and make your database highly available
- Practical guide with a recipe-based approach to help you tackle any problem in the application and database administration aspects of MongoDB
Who This Book Is For
Database administrators with a basic understanding of the features of MongoDB and who want to professionally configure, deploy, and administer a MongoDB database, will find this book essential. If you are a MongoDB developer and want to get into MongoDB administration, this book will also help you.
What You Will Learn
- Install and deploy MongoDB in production
- Manage and implement optimal indexes
- Optimize monitoring in MongoDB
- Fine-tune the performance of your queries
- Debug and diagnose your database's performance
- Optimize database backups and recovery and ensure high availability
- Make your MongoDB instance scalable
- Implement security and user authentication features in MongoDB
- Master optimal cloud deployment strategies
In Detail
MongoDB is a high-performance and feature-rich NoSQL database that forms the backbone of the systems that power many different organizations. Packed with many features that have become essential for many different types of software professional and incredibly easy to use, this cookbook contains more than 100 recipes to address the everyday challenges of working with MongoDB.
Starting with database configuration, you will understand the indexing aspects of MongoDB. The book also includes practical recipes on how you can optimize your database query performance, perform diagnostics, and query debugging. You will also learn how to implement the core administration tasks required for high-availability and scalability, achieved through replica sets and sharding, respectively. You will also implement server security concepts such as authentication, user management, role-based access models, and TLS configuration. You will also learn how to back up and recover your database efficiently and monitor server performance.
By the end of this book, you will have all the information you need—along with tips, tricks, and best practices—to implement a high-performance MongoDB solution.
Style and approach
This practical book follows a problem-solution approach to help you tackle any issues encountered while performing MongoDB administrative tasks. Each recipe is detailed, and explained in a very easy to understand manner
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Seitenzahl: 221
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
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MongoDB Administrator's Guide
Copyright © 2017 Packt Publishing
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First published: October 2017
Production reference: 1241017
ISBN 978-1-78712-648-0
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Credits
Author
Cyrus Dasadia
Copy Editor
Safis Editing
Reviewers
Nilap Shah
Ruben Oliva Ramos
Project Coordinator
Nidhi Joshi
Commissioning Editor
Amey Varangaonkar
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Acquisition Editor
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Indexer
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Content Development Editor
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Graphics
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Technical Editor
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Production Coordinator
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About the Author
Cyrus Dasadia has enjoyed tinkering with open source projects since 1996. He has been working as a Linux system administrator and part-time programmer for over a decade. He works at InMobi, where he loves designing tools and platforms. His love for MongoDB blossomed in 2013, when he was amazed by its ease of use and stability. Since then, almost all of his projects have been written with MongoDB as the primary backend. Cyrus is also the creator of an open source alert management system called CitoEngine. His spare time is devoted to trying to reverse-engineer software, playing computer games, or increasing his silliness quotient by watching reruns of Monty Python.
About the Reviewers
Nilap Shah is a lead software consultant with experience across various fields and technologies. He is expert in .NET, Uipath (Robotics) and MongoDB. He is certified MongoDB developer and DBA. He is technical writer as well as technical speaker. He is also providing MongoDB corporate training. Currently, he is working as lead MongoDB consultant and providing solutions with MongoDB technology (DBA and developer projects). His LinkedIn profile can be found at https://www.linkedin.com/in/nilap-shah-8b6780a/ and can be reachable +91-9537047334 on WhatsApp.
Ruben Oliva Ramos is a computer systems engineer from Tecnologico de Leon Institute, with a master's degree in computer and electronic systems engineering, teleinformatics, and networking specialization from the University of Salle Bajio in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. He has more than 5 years of experience in developing web applications to control and monitor devices connected with Arduino and Raspberry Pi using web frameworks and cloud services to build the Internet of Things applications.
He is a mechatronics teacher at the University of Salle Bajio and teaches students of the master's degree in design and engineering of mechatronics systems. Ruben also works at Centro de Bachillerato Tecnologico Industrial 225 in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, teaching subjects such as electronics, robotics and control, automation, and microcontrollers at Mechatronics Technician Career; he is a consultant and developer for projects in areas such as monitoring systems and datalogger data using technologies (such as Android, iOS, Windows Phone, HTML5, PHP, CSS, Ajax, JavaScript, Angular, and ASP.NET), databases (such as SQlite, MongoDB, and MySQL), web servers (such as Node.js and IIS), hardware programming (such as Arduino, Raspberry pi, Ethernet Shield, GPS, and GSM/GPRS, ESP8266), and control and monitor systems for data acquisition and programming.
He has authored the book Internet of Things Programming with JavaScript and Advanced Analytics with R and Tableau by Packt Publishing. He is also involved in monitoring, controlling, and the acquisition of data with Arduino and Visual Basic .NET for Alfaomega.
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Table of Contents
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Sections
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
See also
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
Installation and Configuration
Introduction
Installing and starting MongoDB on Linux
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Installing and starting MongoDB on macOS
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works…
Binding MongoDB process to a specific network interface and port
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Enabling SSL for MongodDB
Getting ready
How to do it..
How it works...
There's more…
Choosing the right MongoDB storage engine
WiredTiger
MMAPv1
The verdict
Changing storage engine
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Separating directories per database
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Customizing the MongoDB configuration file
Getting ready
How to do it..
How it works...
There's more...
Running MongoDB as a Docker container
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more..
Understanding and Managing Indexes
Introduction
Creating an index
Getting ready
How it works...
There's more...
Managing existing indexes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
How to use compound indexes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works…
There's more...
Creating background indexes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating TTL-based indexes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Creating a sparse index
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating a partial index
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating a unique index
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Performance Tuning
Introduction
Configuring disks for better I/O
Reading and writing from disks
Few considerations while selecting storage devices
Measuring disk I/O performance with mongoperf
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Finding slow running queries and operations
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Storage considerations when using Amazon EC2
Figuring out the size of a working set
There's more...
High Availability with Replication
Introduction
Initializing a new replica set
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Adding a node to the replica set
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Removing a node from the replica set
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Working with an arbiter
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Switching between primary and secondary nodes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Changing replica set configuration
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works..
Changing priority to replica set nodes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
High Scalability with Sharding
Understanding sharding and its components
Components of MongoDB sharding infrastructure
Config server
The mongos query router
The shard server
Choosing the shard key
Setting up and configuring a sharded cluster
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Managing chunks
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Moving non-sharded collection data from one shard to another
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Removing a shard from the cluster
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Understanding tag aware sharding – zones
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Managing MongoDB Backups
Introduction
Taking backup using mongodump tool
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Taking backup of a specific mongodb database or collection
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Taking backup of a small subset of documents in a collection
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Using bsondump tool to view mongodump output in human readable form
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating a point in time backup of replica sets
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Using the mongoexport tool
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating a backup of a sharded cluster
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Restoring MongoDB from Backups
Introduction
Restoring standalone MongoDB using the mongorestore tool
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Restoring specific database or specific collection
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Restoring data from one collection or database to another
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating a new MongoDB replica set node using backups
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Restoring a MongoDB sharded cluster from backup
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Monitoring MongoDB
Introduction
Monitoring MongoDB performance with mongostat
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Checking replication lag of nodes in a replica set
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Monitoring and killing long running operations on MongoDB
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Checking disk I/O usage
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Collecting MongoDB metrics using Diamond and Graphite
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Authentication and Security in MongoDB
Introduction
Setting up authentication in MongoDB and creating a superuser account
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating normal users and assigning built-in roles
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also...
Creating and assigning custom roles
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Restoring access if you are locked out
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Using key files to authenticate servers in a replica set
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Deploying MongoDB in Production
Introduction
Configuring MongoDB for a production deployment
Getting ready
How to do it...
Upgrading production MongoDB to a newer version
Getting ready
How to do it...
There's more...
Setting up and configuring TLS (SSL)
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Restricting network access using firewalls
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Preface
MongoDB is an extremely versatile NoSQL database that offers performance, scalability, and reliability of data. It has slowly become one of the leading NoSQL database systems used for storing extremely large datasets. In addition to this, the fact that it is open source makes it the perfect candidate for any project. From prototyping a minimal viable product to storing millions of complex documents, MongoDB is clearly emerging as the go-to database system.
This book aims to help the reader in operating and managing MongoDB systems. The contents of this book are divided into sections covering all the core aspects of administering MongoDB systems. The primary goal of this book is not to duplicate the MongoDB documentation, but to gently nudge the reader towards topics that are often overlooked when designing MongoDB systems.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Installation and Configuration, covers the basic details of how to install MongoDB, either from the bundled binaries or through the operating system's package managers. It also covers configuration details, as well as how to install MongoDB in a Docker container.
Chapter 2, Understanding and Managing Indexes, gives a quick overview of the benefits of indexes, their various types, and how to optimize database responses by choosing the correct indexes.
Chapter 3, Performance Tuning, covers various topics that can help optimize the infrastructure to deliver optimal database performance. We discuss disk I/O optimization, measuring slow queries, storage considerations in AWS, and managing working sets.
Chapter 4, High Availability with Replication, shows how to achieve high availability using MongoDB replica sets. Topics such as the configuration of replica sets, managing node subscriptions, arbiters, and so on are covered.
Chapter 5, High Scalability with Sharding, covers MongoDB's high scalability aspects using shards. The topics covered in this section include setting up a sharded cluster, managing chunks, managing non-sharded data, adding and removing nodes from the cluster, and creating a geographically distributed sharded cluster.
Chapter 6, Managing MongoDB Backups, helps the reader understand how to select an optimum backup strategy for their MongoDB setup. It covers how to take backups of standalone systems, replica sets, analyzing backup files, and so on.
Chapter 7, Restoring MongoDB from Backups, shows various techniques for restoring systems from previously generated backups. Topics covered include restoring standalone systems, specific databases, the backup of one database to another database, replica sets, and sharded clusters.
Chapter 8, Monitoring MongoDB, illustrates various aspects of monitoring the health of a MongoDB setup. This chapter includes recipes for using mongostat, monitoring replica set nodes, monitoring long-running operations, checking disk I/O, fetching database metrics, and storing them in a time-series database such as Graphite.
Chapter 9, Authentication and Security in MongoDB, looks into various aspects involved in securing a MongoDB infrastructure. Topics covered in this chapter include creating and managing users, implementing role-based access models, implementing SSL/TLS-based transport mechanisms, and so on.
Chapter 10, Deploying MongoDB in Production, provides insights into deploying MongoDB in a production environment, upgrading servers to newer versions, using configuration management tools to deploy MongoDB, and using Docker Swarm to set up MongoDB in containers.
What you need for this book
For the most part, this book requires only MongoDB 3.4 or higher. Although most of the operating system commands used throughout the book are for Linux, the semantics is generic and can be replayed on any operating system. It may be useful to have some knowledge of how MongoDB works, but for the most part, all chapters are verbose enough for beginners as well.
Who this book is for
This book is for database administrators or site reliability engineers who are keen on ensuring the stability and scalability of their MongoDB systems. Database administrators who have a basic understanding of the features of MongoDB and want to professionally configure, deploy, and administer a MongoDB database will find this book essential. If you are a MongoDB developer and want to get into MongoDB administration, this book will also help you.
Sections
In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to do it…, How it works…, There's more…, and See also). To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows.
Getting ready
This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.
How to do it…
This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.
How it works…
This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous section.
There's more…
This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader more knowledgeable about the recipe.
See also
This section provides helpful links to other useful information for the recipe.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning. Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "You can view the available command line parameters by using --help or -h."
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
ln -s data/mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1404-3.4.4/ data/mongodb
New terms and important words are shown in bold.
Reader feedback
Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this book-what you liked or disliked. Reader feedback is important for us as it helps us develop titles that you will really get the most out of. To send us general feedback, simply e-mail [email protected], and mention the book's title in the subject of your message. If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book, see our author guide at www.packtpub.com/authors .
Customer support
Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help you to get the most from your purchase.
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for this book from your account at http://www.packtpub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files emailed directly to you. You can download the code files by following these steps:
Log in or register to our website using your e-mail address and password.
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7-Zip / PeaZip for Linux
The code bundle for the book is also hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/MongoDB-Administrators-Guide. We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and videos available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books-maybe a mistake in the text or the code-we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing so, you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book. If you find any errata, please report them by visiting http://www.packtpub.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details of your errata. Once your errata are verified, your submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded to our website or added to any list of existing errata under the Errata section of that title. To view the previously submitted errata, go to https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/support and enter the name of the book in the search field. The required information will appear under the Errata section.
Piracy
Piracy of copyrighted material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all media. At Packt, we take the protection of our copyright and licenses very seriously. If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the Internet, please provide us with the location address or website name immediately so that we can pursue a remedy. Please contact us at [email protected] with a link to the suspected pirated material. We appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you valuable content.
Questions
If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at [email protected], and we will do our best to address the problem.
Installation and Configuration
In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:
Installing and starting MongoDB on Linux
Installing and starting MongoDB on macOS
Binding MongoDB process to a specific network interface and port
Enabling SSL for MongoDB
Choosing the right MongoDB storage engine
Changing storage engine
Separating directories per database
Customizing the MongoDB configuration file
Running MongoDB as a Docker container
Introduction
In this chapter, we will look at how to install a standalone MongoDB server. We will also look at how to perform some useful customization to the default configuration of a MongoDB server. Lastly, we will run a MongoDB server inside a Docker container.
Installing and starting MongoDB on Linux
Getting ready
You will need a machine running Ubuntu 14.04 or higher, although in theory any Red Hat or Debian-based Linux distribution should be fine. You will also need to download the latest stable binary tarball from https://www.mongodb.com/download-center
How to do it…
Create a directory
/data
and untar your downloaded file into this directory so that you now have a
/data/mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1404-3.4.4
directory. All of MongoDB's core binaries are available in the
/data/mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1404-3.4.4/bin
directory.
Create a symbolic link to the versioned file directory for a simpler naming convention and also allowing us to use a generic directory name (for example, in scripts):
ln -s /data/mongodb-linux-x86_64-ubuntu1404-3.4.4/ /data/mongodb
Create a directory for the database:
mkdir /data/db
Start the MongoDB server:
/data/mongodb/bin/mongod --dbpath /data/db
You should see output like this:
2017-05-14T10:07:15.247+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=3298 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64
2017-05-14T10:07:15.247+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.4.4
2017-05-14T10:07:15.248+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 888390515874a9debd1b6c5d36559ca86b44babd
2017-05-14T10:07:15.248+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014
2017-05-14T10:07:15.248+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2017-05-14T10:07:15.249+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2017-05-14T10:07:15.249+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2017-05-14T10:07:15.249+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distmod: ubuntu1404
2017-05-14T10:07:15.249+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2017-05-14T10:07:15.250+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2017-05-14T10:07:15.250+0000 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/db" } }
< -- snip -- >
2017-05-14T10:07:15.313+0000 I COMMAND [initandlisten] setting featureCompatibilityVersion to 3.4
2017-05-14T10:07:15.313+0000 I NETWORK [thread1] waiting for connections on port 27017
You can stop the server by pressing
Ctrl
+
C
.
Additionally, for convenience, we can edit the system's PATH variable to include the mongodb binaries directory. This allows us to invoke the mongodb binaries without having to type the entire path. For example, to execute the mongo client, instead of having to type /data/mongodb/bin/mongo every time, we can simply type mongo. This can be done by appending your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc files for bash and zsh respectively, with the following lines:
PATH=/data/mongodb/bin:${PATH}
export PATH
