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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Build and manage networks in OpenStack using Neutron
About This Book
- Deploy an all-in-one cloud based on OpenStack Liberty (2015.2) using RDO
- Learn the fundamentals of the Neutron API including networks, subnets, and ports, and how to manage these resources in the cloud
- Build simple virtual network infrastructures in the cloud
Who This Book Is For
The book is for those who are new to OpenStack and Neutron who want to learn the cloud networking fundamentals and get started with OpenStack networking. Prior networking experience along with a virtual or physical server is recommended to follow along with the concepts demonstrated in the book.
What You Will Learn
- Install the latest Liberty (2015.2) release of OpenStack using RDO in VirtualBox
- Discover the basics of the Neutron API, including networks, subnets, and ports
- Interact with Neutron using the CLI and Horizon dashboard
- Create networks and subnets that provide connectivity to instances
- Implement software routers that connect networks and provide network address translation
- Secure instances using Neutron's security group functionality
In Detail
The OpenStack Networking API offers users the ability to create and manage both basic and complex network architectures that blend the virtual and physical network infrastructure.
This book kicks off by describing various components of Openstack Neutron and installing Ubuntu OpenStack based on Canonical's process. Further on, you will use various methods to interface with Neutron to create and manage network resources. You will also get to grips with the relationship between ports, networks, and subnets through diagrams and explanations, and see how the logical components are implemented via plugins and agents.
Moving forward, you will learn how virtual switches are implemented and how to build Neutron routers. You will also configure networks, subnets, and routers to provide connectivity to instances using simple examples. At the end, you will configure and manage security groups, and will observe how these rules translate to iptables rules on the host machines.
By the end of the book, you will be able to build basic network architectures using Neutron networks and routers in no time.
Style and approach
An easy-to-follow guide that covers the networking features of OpenStack and the core Neutron API components providing a solid foundation to deploy networks and instances.
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Seitenzahl: 145
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
OpenStack Networking Essentials
OpenStack Networking Essentials
Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: April 2016
Production reference: 1130416
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78528-327-7
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Author
James Denton
Reviewer
Cody Bunch
Commissioning Editor
Kartikey Pandey
Acquisition Editor
Rreshma Raman
Content Development Editor
Mehvash Fatima
Technical Editor
Vishal Mewada
Copy Editor
Madhusudan Uchil
Project Coordinator
Shweta H Birwatkar
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Graphics
Kirk D'Penha
Production Coordinator
Shantanu N. Zagade
Cover Work
Shantanu N. Zagade
About the Author
James Denton has more than 15 years of experience in system administration and networking and has been deploying, operating, and maintaining OpenStack clouds since late 2012. He is a Principal Architect at Rackspace, and prior to joining the Rackspace Private Cloud team, he spent 5 years as an enterprise network security engineer. James has a bachelor's degree in business management, with a focus on computer information systems, from Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas. In his spare time, James enjoys spending time with his wife and son and camping in the Texas hill country.
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Preface
OpenStack is an open source cloud operating system designed to control pools of compute, storage, and networking resources. This powerful system fosters rapid innovation while decreasing operational and capital costs. OpenStack has exploded in popularity in recent years, thanks to its features, flexibility, and overall maturity.
In this book, we will explore the networking component of OpenStack, known as Neutron. Neutron provides an API for users to build virtual network resources such as switches, routers, load balancers, and firewalls. We will walk through the installation of OpenStack using RDO and will look at the core components of the API, made up of networks, subnets, and ports. By the end of the book, you will have harnessed the power of OpenStack and Neutron to create and access virtual network resources of your own.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, OpenStack Networking Components – an Overview, provides an introduction to OpenStack Networking features, components, and the basic physical architectures required to support an OpenStack cloud.
Chapter 2, Installing OpenStack Using RDO, provides instructions for installing the Liberty release of OpenStack using RDO on the CentOS 7.1 operating system.
Chapter 3, Neutron API Basics, looks at the core components of the Neutron API, made up of networks, subnets, and ports, and how they're used to construct virtual networks.
Chapter 4, Interfacing with Neutron, explores the use of the Horizon dashboard and the Neutron command-line client to interface with the Neutron API.
Chapter 5, Switching, looks at how Neutron constructs and implements the virtual network infrastructure to enable the flow of traffic across the cloud.
Chapter 6, Routing, discusses how Neutron implements virtual routers that provide routing between Neutron networks and the outside world using source network address translation and floating IPs.
Chapter 7, Building Networks and Routers, covers basic virtual network architectures and showcases the traffic flow from client workstations to virtual machine instances via fixed and floating IPs.
Chapter 8, Security Group Fundamentals, examines the use of Neutron security groups to secure instance traffic at the virtual switch port and walks you through creating and managing security groups and associated rules.
Appendix, Configuring VirtualBox, is meant to assist with the setup of a virtual environment using VirtualBox so that many of the examples throughout the book can be followed.
What you need for this book
For this book, the following is required:
This book assumes a beginner-to-moderate level of networking experience and experience with Linux operating systems. While this book will walk you through a basic installation of OpenStack using RDO, little time will be spent on services other than Neutron as well as any configuration of OpenStack outside of what's available via the API. It will be helpful for you have a basic understanding of OpenStack and its components prior to reading this book.
Internet connectivity is required to install OpenStack packages. An all-in-one OpenStack deployment will be performed on a single virtual machine within VirtualBox. CentOS must be installed prior to installing RDO. Alternative virtualization platforms such as VMware, or physical hardware, are optional.
Major OpenStack releases occur every 6 months, and after the N or O release, Liberty repositories may no longer be available. In the event that the OpenStack installation procedure documented in this book no longer functions properly, refer to the installation guide at http://docs.openstack.org/ or https://www.rdoproject.org/ for instructions on installing the latest version of OpenStack.
Who this book is for
The book is for those who are new to OpenStack and Neutron and want to learn OpenStack networking fundamentals. It introduces the reader to OpenStack networking and related concepts and technologies. Some prior networking and systems administration experience is recommended. A virtual or physical server is recommended to follow along with the concepts demonstrated in the book.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "In a reference implementation, a Neutron DHCP agent runs on one or more infrastructure nodes and spawns a dnsmasq process for each network where DHCP is enabled."
A block of code is set as follows:
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "In addition, controller nodes run the database and messaging servers and are often the point of management of the cloud via the Horizon dashboard."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Chapter 1. OpenStack Networking Components – an Overview
OpenStack Networking, otherwise known as Neutron, is an API-driven system for managing virtual and physical network resources in an OpenStack cloud. The job of Neutron is simple: it is meant to provide Networking as a Service (NaaS) to cloud environments. Users can leverage the Neutron API to build network architectures in the cloud that define the availability of their applications. Neutron strips away from the user much of the complexity of building rich network architectures in the cloud. In this book, you will learn about some of the basic networking features offered by Neutron, and you will build a small environment that will expose you to various methods of interacting with the Neutron API to build simple network configurations.
Features of OpenStack Networking
Many cloud environments rely on virtual compute technologies made available by hypervisors such as Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), Xen, and Hyper-V, among many others. Neutron's core purpose is to connect virtual machine instances to a virtual network spanning the cloud and connect the virtual network to the physical network infrastructure. The containerization of applications made possible by Linux Containers (LXC), Docker, and other container technologies means that Neutron should also be responsible for providing network connectivity and features to containers in the future.
Neutron relies on the use of its pluggable and extensible architecture to construct and configure virtual and physical network resources. Many physical devices, such as switches, routers, firewalls, and load balancers, are implemented in software in reference implementations. A reference implementation is one that relies on the use of plugins, drivers, and agents made available for free by the Neutron community. A common reference plugin is the Modular Layer 2 (ML2) plugin, which is used to define a logical networking framework that agents can use to construct the virtual network. Common reference agents include the Open vSwitch (OVS) and Linux bridge agents, which are used to construct their respective virtual switching infrastructures based on networks that users have defined with the Neutron API.
Switching
In a reference implementation, Neutron relies on virtual bridges and switches to connect virtual instances, containers, and other network resources to the network. Neutron includes support for standard Linux bridges and virtual switches created with OVS. OVS is an open source virtual switch that supports dozens of technologies and protocols, including NetFlow, Switch port Analyzer (SPAN), Remote SPAN (RSPAN), Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP
