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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
The top-selling guide to Photoshop Elements--updated for Photoshop Elements 15 No matter if you're a photo-editing newbie or an old hat looking for new tricks, Photoshop Elements 15 For Dummies offers photographers of all skill levels the power to turn run-of-the-mill digital pictures into beautiful photographs. Covering the latest version of this popular software, this up-to-date guide quickly shows you how to organize images for editing, adjust color and focus, apply artsy filters, add text to an image--and beyond. There's a reason Photoshop Elements 15 For Dummies is the best place to start learning Elements--it gets you up and running with this image-editing software faster than you can say 'cheese!' Get ready to explore your inner artist and add pizzazz to even the most ordinary pics with the professional tools in Photoshop Elements 15! * Find simple explanations of how to handle basic image editing * Get steps for giving your photos a digital makeover * Create layers in your images * Discover one-click instant fixes when you hit roadblocks The power and simplicity of Photoshop Elements makes it easy to produce photos worth bragging about--and this no-nonsense guide will get you there in a flash.
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Photoshop® Elements 15 For Dummies®
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950173
ISBN 978-1-119-28149-8 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-28151-1 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-28150-4 (ebk)
Photoshop® Elements 15 For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Photoshop Elements 15 For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Introduction
About This Book
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1: Getting Started with Photoshop Elements 15
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Image Editing
Launching the Photo Editor
Making Basic Edits in Quick Mode
Sharing a Photo
Creating Images from Scratch
Retracing Your Steps
Getting a Helping Hand
Saving Files with Purpose
Chapter 2: Basic Image-Editing Concepts
Grappling with the Ubiquitous Pixels
The Art of Resampling
Choosing a Resolution for Print or Onscreen
Go Ahead — Make My Mode!
Understanding File Formats
Getting Familiar with Color
Getting Color Right
Chapter 3: Exploring the Photo Editor
Examining the Photo Editor
Using the Photo Bin
Finding Your Bearings in Guided Mode
Controlling the Editing Environment
Part 2: Managing Media
Chapter 4: Navigating the Organizer
Organizing Photos and Media on a Hard Drive
Adding Images to the Organizer
Navigating the Media Browser
Using a Scanner
Phoning in Your Images
Setting Organizer Preferences
Chapter 5: Organizing Your Pictures
Touring the Organizer
Organizing Groups of Images with Tags
Rating Images with Stars
Adding Images to an Album
Adding People in the Media Browser
Placing Pictures on Maps
Working with Events
Chapter 6: Viewing and Finding Your Images
Cataloging Files
Switching to a Different View
Viewing Photos in a Slideshow
Searching for Photos
Grouping Files That Get in the Way
Part 3: Selecting and Correcting Photos
Chapter 7: Making and Modifying Selections
Defining Selections
Creating Rectangular and Elliptical Selections
Making Freeform Selections with the Lasso Tools
Working Wizardry with the Magic Wand
Modifying Your Selections
Painting with the Selection Brush
Painting with the Quick Selection Tool
Fine-Tuning with the Refine Selection Brush
Working with the Cookie Cutter Tool
Eliminating with the Eraser Tools
Using the Select Menu
Chapter 8: Working with Layers
Getting to Know Layers
Working with Different Layer Types
Tackling Layer Basics
Moving a Layer’s Content
Transforming Layers
Adding Layer Masks
Flattening and Merging Layers
Chapter 9: Simple Image Makeovers
Cropping and Straightening Images
Recomposing Images
Employing One-Step Auto Fixes
Editing in Quick Mode
Fixing Small Imperfections with Tools
Chapter 10: Correcting Contrast, Color, and Clarity
Editing Your Photos Using a Logical Workflow
Adjusting Lighting
Adjusting Color
Adjusting Clarity
Working Intelligently with the Smart Brush Tools
Part 4: Exploring Your Inner Artist
Chapter 11: Playing with Filters, Effects, Styles, and More
Having Fun with Filters
Correcting Camera Distortion
Exploring Element’s Unique Filters
Dressing Up with Photo and Text Effects
Adding Shadows, Glows, and More
Mixing It Up with Blend Modes
Using Photomerge
Chapter 12: Drawing and Painting
Choosing Color
Getting Artsy with the Pencil and Brush Tools
Filling and Outlining Selections
Splashing on Color with the Paint Bucket Tool
Working with Multicolored Gradients
Working with Patterns
Creating Shapes of All Sorts
Chapter 13: Working with Type
Understanding Type Basics
Creating Point Type
Creating Paragraph Type
Creating Path Type
Specifying Type Options
Editing Text
Simplifying Type
Masking with Type
Stylizing and Warping Type
Part 5: Printing, Creating, and Sharing
Chapter 14: Getting It on Paper
Getting Pictures Ready for Printing
Working with Color Printer Profiles
Getting Familiar with the Print Dialog Box
Chapter 15: Sharing Your Work
Getting Familiar with the Elements Sharing Options
Using the Share Panel
Creating Facebook Cover Images
Chapter 16: Making Creations
Checking Out the Create Panel
Grasping Creation-Assembly Basics
Creating a Slideshow
Creating a PDF Slideshow
Making Additional Creations
Part 6: The Part of Tens
Chapter 17: Ten Tips for Composing Better Photos
Find a Focal Point
Use the Rule of Thirds
Cut the Clutter
Frame Your Shot
Employ Contrast
Experiment with Viewpoints
Use Leading Lines
Use Light
Give Direction
Consider Direction of Movement
Chapter 18: Ten (Or So) More Project Ideas
Screen Savers
Flyers, Ads, and Online Auctions
Clothes, Hats, and More
Posters
Household and Business Inventories
Project Documentation
School Reports and Projects
Blogs
Wait — There’s More
About the Authors
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
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Introduction
We live in a photo world. And Photoshop Elements has become a tool for both professional and amateur photographers who want to edit, improve, manage, manipulate, and organize photos and other media. Considering the power and impressive features of the program, Elements remains one of the best values for your money among computer software applications.
About This Book
This book is an effort to provide as much of a comprehensive view of a wildly feature-rich program as we can. Additionally, this book is written for a cross-platform audience. If you’re a Mac user, you’ll find all you need to work in Elements 15 for the Mac, exactly the same as when we refer to using Elements on Windows.
Here we are now in version 15 of Photoshop Elements. Imagine, 15 versions of the program! You won’t find huge changes to an already refined user interface, nor will you find some extraordinary, out-of-this-world, new features. What’s new in this version of Elements are refinements of the feature-rich program and some helpful new features that permit you to express yourself artistically in just about any manner you choose.
In terms of the new features, this version of Elements brings you some nifty enhancements to facilitate ease in working with the program and some very nice tools and methods for editing your photos:
Touch Support:
Most of the new Windows laptop computers shipped today have touchscreens that permit you to use your fingers instead of a mouse for menu commands and actions. The Mac has been slow to adopt this technology. Elements 15 supports some features for using touchscreen technology when working on a Windows laptop. The Organizer and Quick Edit modes have migrated to more friendly touchscreen behavior.
Layers:
You can now group layers in Elements. You can also color-code layers.
Perspective Crop:
You can crop images using perspective control.
Content Aware Move Transform:
Content Aware lets you move pixels around an image while blending the edges with background content so the result appears much less artificial. Now you can use Content Aware when transforming selections such as scaling and rotating.
Enhanced Search:
Searching for people, places, and events has been revamped to help you quickly and efficiently add tags to images. Finding special moments becomes much easier and it’s all included in a single panel.
Auto Tagging:
If you’ve found tagging images with keywords or identifying people and events individually to be burdensome and take up too much of your time, this new Auto Tagging feature helps you breeze through managing your Organizer library.
Enhanced Auto Fix:
If you want to quickly make some fixes on images but you don’t want to launch the Photo Editor, you can now select multiple photos and apply fixes directly in the Organizer.
Import from Cloud Services:
Storing your pictures in the cloud has become commonplace for most users. If you use Dropbox, One Drive, iCloud, or one of many other cloud services, you can now directly import photos into the Organizer from your cloud service.
Face Aware Liquefy:
This new features enables you to detect an area on a face such as lips, nose, eyes, or chin; use sliders in a panel to make adjustments (something like changing frowns to smiles); and apply the edit to all images with the same face tags.
Filter Gallery:
Filters have always been a fun experience for users of both Photoshop and Photoshop Elements. The Filters panel has now become much easier to use.
Guided Edits: If you’re a long-time user of Photoshop Elements, you’re aware that with each new version, we find new Guided Edits. A Guided Edit walks you through a series of steps to produce an effect — like having a Photoshop Elements guru over your shoulder telling you step-by-step how to make an edit.
In Elements 15, we have some new Guided Edits:
Photo Text:
Helps you use text as a mask and embellish the text with embossing, drop shadows, strokes, and so on.
Speed Pan:
Enables you to add motion to images.
Painterly:
Enables you to turn a photo into an image appearing as an art painting.
Frame Creator:
Enables you to make custom photo frames that you can use in other creations. You can add the custom frame to a library and reuse it many times with other creations.
Optional Smart Layers:
Smart Layers have been around in Photoshop and Elements for some time. The idea behind a Smart Layer is that whatever you do to the layer can later be rejected and you can return to the original content unedited. This is known as
nondestructive editing.
When you drag a photo from the Photo Bin in Elements to an open image, the new photo appears as a Smart Layer. Some users don’t want the new layers in a document added as Smart Layers. Now in Elements 15 you have a Preference option to turn off Smart Layers when you drag a photo from the Photo Bin to an open image.
Throughout this book, especially in step lists, we point you to menus for keyboard commands. For accessing a menu command, you may see something like this:
Choose File ⇒ Get Photos ⇒ From Files and Folders.
You click the File menu to open its drop-down menu, click the menu command labeled Get Photos, and then choose the command From Files and Folders from the submenu that appears. It’s that simple.
We also refer to context menus, which jump up at your cursor position and show you a menu of options related to whatever you’re doing at the time. To open a context menu, just right-click the mouse, or Control-click on a Mac if you don’t have a two-button mouse.
When we mention that keys need to be pressed on your keyboard, the text looks like this:
Press Alt+Shift+Ctrl+S (Option+Shift++S on the Mac).
In this case, you hold down the Alt key on Windows/the Option key on the Mac, then the Shift key, then the Control key on Windows/the key on the Mac, and then press the S key. Then, release all the keys at the same time.
Icons Used in This Book
In the margins throughout this book, you see icons indicating that something is important.
This icon informs you that this item is a new feature in Photoshop Elements 15.
Pay particular attention when you see the Warning icon. This icon indicates possible side-effects or damage to your image that you might encounter when performing certain operations in Elements.
This icon is a heads-up for something you may want to commit to memory. Usually, it tells you about a shortcut for a repetitive task, where remembering a procedure can save you time.
A Tip tells you about an alternative method for a procedure, giving you a shortcut, a workaround, or some other type of helpful information.
Elements is a computer program, after all. No matter how hard we try to simplify our explanation of features, we can’t entirely avoid some technical information. If a topic is a little on the technical side, we use this icon to alert you that we’re moving into a complex subject. You won’t see many of these icons in the book because we try our best to give you the details in nontechnical terms.
Beyond the Book
In addition to what you’re reading right now, this product also comes with a free access-anywhere Cheat Sheet that includes a detailed look at the Elements photo editing workspace, Tool Panel shortcuts, tricks for selecting objects, and more. To get this Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and type Photoshop Elements 15 For Dummies Cheat Sheet in the Search box.
Where to Go from Here
Try to spend a little time reading through the three chapters in Part 1. After you know how to edit and save photos, feel free to jump around and pay special attention to the cross-referenced chapters, in case you get stuck on a concept. After exploring the Elements Photo Editor, look over Part 2, where we talk about organizing and searching photos. If you’re ready to jump into more advanced tasks, check out Parts 3 and 4, where you learn how to make selections; layer images and effects together; add filters and type; and much, much more.
We hope you have much success and enjoyment in using Adobe Photoshop Elements 15, and it’s our sincere wish that the pages ahead provide you with an informative and helpful view of the program.
Part 1
Getting Started with Photoshop Elements 15
IN THIS PART …
Open the Photo Editor and make quick and easy edits to one of your photos in Quick mode.
Choose the right resolution for your image.
Select the best file format when you save your image.
Tour the Photo Editor interface so that you know how to switch among images and navigate the many panels and options.
Chapter 1
Getting Started with Image Editing
IN THIS CHAPTER
Starting the Photo Editor
Opening, editing, sharing, and saving a photo
Creating a new document
Using Undo History
Finding help
Saving your files
Image editing is incredibly fun, especially with a tool like Photoshop Elements, which enables you to modify, combine, and even draw your own images to your imagination’s content. To get the most out of Elements, you need to understand some basic technical concepts, but like most people, you probably want to jump in, play around, and basically just get started right away.
You’re in luck: In Quick mode, Elements helps you make basic edits to your photos, like revealing your child’s face darkened by a baseball cap’s shadow or cropping out the gigantic trash can on the left edge of your otherwise perfect landscape shot. In this chapter, we help you jump-start your image-editing skills by guiding you through Quick mode and how to share photos online, retrace your steps, save your edits, and more.
Launching the Photo Editor
Photoshop Elements has two separate components:
The Organizer
is where you manage photos. It’s full of tools for tagging, rating, sorting, and finding your images.
Part 2
helps you start using the Organizer.
The Photo Editor
is where you correct photos for brightness and color, add effects, repair images, and so on.
In this chapter, you work in the Photo Editor to make basic edits to a photo.
Here’s how to start Elements and open the Photo Editor:
Double-click the Photoshop Elements shortcut on your desktop or in your Applications folder (Mac) to launch the Elements Welcome screen.
Click the Photo Editor button shown in the Welcome screen in Figure1-1.
The Photo Editor workspace loads and appears, as shown in Figure 1-2. By default, you see the Quick tab selected at the top of the Photo Editor workspace, which means you’re in Quick mode (or right where you want to be for the purposes of this chapter). Quick mode offers a limited number of tools for adjusting brightness, contrast, color, and sharpness.
FIGURE 1-1: The Photoshop Elements Welcome screen.
FIGURE 1-2: The default Photo Editor workspace with the Quick tab selected.
When you first launch Photoshop Elements, you may see the eLive tab open. Click the Quick tab to see the editing options for Quick mode. See the section “Getting a Helping Hand,” later in this chapter, for more about eLive.
On the right side of the workspace, you see the Adjustments panel docked in an area dubbed the Panel Bin. When in any one of the three editing modes (Quick, Guided, Expert), you find different panels. On the left side of the workspace, you see a Tools panel. Interacting with the items in the Panel Bin and using tools in the Tools panel provides you an enormous number of options for editing, improving, and stylizing your pictures.
Making Basic Edits in Quick Mode
For beginning users, the Quick mode in the Photo Editor is both powerful and easy to use. Follow these steps to make some simple changes to an image:
Open the Photo Editor and make sure the Quick tab is selected at the top.
Choose File ⇒ Open.
If Elements is your default editing application, you can also double-click your photo file in Windows Explorer or the Mac Finder, and the file opens in Elements.
In the Open dialog box that appears, navigate your hard drive to locate the file you want to open, select the file, and click Open.
From the View drop-down list (in the upper left of the image window), choose Before & After – Horizontal, as shown in
Figure
1-3
.
Make edits to your photo.
Here’s an introduction to two simple edits you can make in Quick mode:
Apply a Smart Fix: Click Smart Fix in the Panel Bin to see the options. To begin with, click Auto at the bottom of the Smart Fix panel and select the After view to see whether you like the changes.
As shown in Figure 1-3, several items are listed in the Panel Bin below the Smart Fix option. Click an item to expand it and move the sliders, or click the thumbnail images to tweak the overall brightness, contrast, and color. In many cases there isn’t a right or wrong adjustment. Play with the options to bring it close to your overall vision for the picture. For a more in-depth look at correcting photos in Quick mode, flip to Chapter 10.
Crop the photo:
In the Tools panel on the left side of the window, click the Crop tool. You immediately see a rectangle on top of the photo. Move the sides to crop the image to your liking. When finished, click the green check mark, as shown in
Figure 1-4
, to accept your edit.
When making any one of a huge number of edits to your pictures, you often see icons on top of the image similar to what’s shown in Figure 1-4. The green check mark accepts the edit you’re making at the time the icons appear. The circle with a diagonal line is the Cancel button. Click this button when you don’t want to apply the recent edit.
Choose File ⇒ Save As and, in the Save As dialog box that opens, provide a new name for the photo. Click Save.
Note: When you use Save As and give your image a new name, you don’t destroy your original image. You save a copy of the original with the new edits applied. For more on saving files, see the section “Saving Files with Purpose” later in this chapter.
FIGURE 1-3: The before and after views in Quick mode.
FIGURE 1-4: The Crop tool sized on a photo.
Sharing a Photo
After you edit your photo, you can print the photo to share with family and friends or post the photo on a social network.
Because sharing photos on social networks is extremely popular, we introduce you to the Elements sharing features with the following steps, which explain how you can use Elements to share your photo on Facebook:
Prepare the photo you want to upload to Facebook.
Typically, digital cameras take photos sized very large — too large for an image that your friends and family will want to download quickly and view via Facebook on a computer screen or a mobile device. To adjust your image so it’s the right size and resolution for viewing online, follow these steps:
Choose Image ⇒ Resize ⇒ Image Size.
In the Image Size dialog box that appears, enter your desired width (or height).
Either Width or Height is fine because the image will maintain correct proportions by choosing either. A width between 720 pixels and 2,048 pixels works well.
Facebook recommends that supported sizes for regular photos are widths of 720 pixels, 960 pixels, and 2,048 pixels with file sizes no more than 100KB. When you save as JPEG, the files are compressed and you’ll find the larger size to be within Facebook recommendations.
Type 144 in the Resolution box.
For screen viewing only 72 ppi is fine. However, if you want your friends to print the image, 144 is a better choice. You can use either resolution. Be sure the file size is no larger than 100 ppi.
Select the Resample Image check box and then click OK (see Figure1-5).
The image is sized to a workable size for Facebook. In Chapter 2, you take a closer look at what these image-sizing options mean and how to choose the right settings for your prints or online images.
Choose File ⇒ Save As ⇒ JPEG to save the file as a JPEG.
Note the location where you save the file on your hard drive. Chapter 2 also explains how to choose the right file format for your images. (JPEG is one of many file formats that Elements supports.)
Click Share in the top-right corner of the workspace to open the Share panel and then choose Facebook from the drop-down list.
Elements enables you to upload to other services, like Twitter and Flickr, too. For details about the Share panel, flip to Chapter 15.
Authenticate your account.
A dialog box opens when you choose Facebook in the Share panel, prompting you to authenticate your account. To authenticate your account:
Click Authenticate in the dialog box.
Fill in the text boxes for your Facebook login and password.
Your authentication is complete.
Click the Upload button to upload the file.
When the file upload is complete, a dialog box opens and prompts you to view the uploaded file.
Click Visit Facebook.
Your photo is added to your Facebook account, as shown in Figure 1-6.
FIGURE 1-5: Resize an image in the Image Size dialog box.
FIGURE 1-6: An edited photo uploaded to Facebook.
Creating Images from Scratch
You may want to start from scratch by creating a new document in Elements. New, blank pages have a number of uses:
Mix and merge images in a new document, as we explain in
Chapter 8
.
Create a canvas where you can draw and paint, as we explain in
Chapter 12
.
Use the New dialog box to find out a file’s size, dimensions, and resolution. You find out why these details are important in
Chapter 2
.
Follow these steps to create a new document while working in any editing mode:
In the Elements Photo Editor, choose File ⇒ New ⇒ Blank File or press Ctrl+N (+N on the Mac).
Alternatively, you can choose Open ⇒ New Blank File in the Photo Editor.
The New dialog box opens, as shown in Figure 1-7.
Select the attributes for the new file.
When you select these attributes, among the things you need to consider is the output you want to use for the image: screen or paper. Files created for the web or for screen views are measured in pixels, and you don’t need to specify a resolution. For print, you want to use a measurement other than pixels and you need to specify resolution. We explain how all this works for the relevant settings in the following bulleted list.
You have several options from which to choose:
Name:
Type a name for your file.
Document Type:
Select from a number of different document types such as paper, photo, web, and so on.
Size:
You can choose a preset size from a long drop-down list. This setting is optional because you can change the file attributes in the other text boxes and drop-down lists.
Dimensions (Width/Height):
Values in the Width and Height text boxes are independent; either box can be edited without affecting the other. Adjacent to the values in the Width and Height text boxes, you find drop-down lists that offer many options for units of measure, such as the default units of pixels followed by inches, centimeters (cm), millimeters (mm), points, picas, and columns.
Resolution:
Generally speaking, if your image will be printed, choose 300 dpi (dots per inch). If you plan to display your image only on a computer screen or mobile device, choose 72 ppi (pixels per inch).
Chapter 2
explains the details about how resolution works.
Color Mode:
You most likely want to leave this at the default of RGB Color.
Chapter 2
explains when you might want to use the other available color modes.
Background Contents:
You have three choices: White, Background Color, and Transparent. The selection you make results in the color of the blank image. If you choose Background Color, the current background color assigned on the Tools panel is applied to the background. See
Chapter 12
for information on changing background color. If you choose Transparent, the blank image is the digital version of a sheet of acetate, and the image is created as a layer.
Chapter 8
explains how you work with layers.
Image Size:
This value (displayed in the lower-right corner of the dialog box) dynamically changes when you change the Width, Height, and Resolution values. The Image Size value tells you how much file space is required to save the uncompressed file.
Click OK after setting the file attributes to create the new document.
FIGURE 1-7: When you create a new, blank file, the New dialog box opens.
Sometimes you may want to copy a selection to the Clipboard and convert the Clipboard information to an image. Be sure you have copied some image data to the Clipboard. In Elements, choose File ⇒ New ⇒ Image from Clipboard. The data on the Clipboard appears in a new document window.
After you create a new image, try playing with the different brushes and painting tools, just to experiment and get a feel for how they work. For example, click a brush on the Tools panel and then click and drag to paint in the image window. Or jump to Chapter 12, where we help you start using the drawing and painting tools.
Retracing Your Steps
In Elements, Undo is a favorite command for both beginners and experienced users alike. If you don’t like a change to your image, you simply choose Edit ⇒ Undo or press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Z (+Z on the Mac).
Because trial and error (and thus undoing your work) is so important to making your image look just right, Elements also offers ways to undo that are much more sophisticated than simply reverting to the last view. In the following sections, we introduce you to these more sophisticated tools.
Using the History panel
On the History panel, you see a record of your changes in an editing session. And from this record, you can undo your changes from any step in an editing sequence. To work with the History panel, you must be in Expert mode. After you click Expert at the top of the Photo Editor, here’s how undoing with the History panel works:
To open the panel, choose Window ⇒ History.
The History panel displays a record of each step you made in the current editing session, as shown in Figure 1-8.
To undo one or more edits, click any item on the History panel.
Elements reverts your image to that last edit. All edits that follow the selected item are grayed out.
If you want to bring back the edits, click any grayed-out step on the panel.
Elements reinstates your edits up to that level.
FIGURE 1-8: The History panel.
All your steps are listed on the History panel as long as you remain in Elements and don’t close the file. When the file is closed, all history information is lost.
Storing all this editing history can affect Elements’ performance. If your computer slows to a snail’s pace when you’re using Elements, check out the following options:
Choose Edit ⇒ Clear History.
Elements flushes all the recorded history and frees up some precious memory, which often enables you to work faster. Just be sure you’re okay with losing all the history in the History panel thus far.
Eliminate Clipboard data from memory.
To do so, choose Edit ⇒ Clear Clipboard Contents or Edit ⇒ Clear ⇒ All.
Restore the number of history states stored to the default of 50.
In
Chapter 3
, we show you how to increase the number of history states via Elements preferences. You can ratchet this number up to 1,000 if you like. But realize that the more history states you record, the more memory Elements requires.
Reverting to the last save
While you edit photos in Elements, plan on saving your work regularly. Each time you save in an editing session, the History panel preserves the list of edits you make until you hit the maximum number or close the file.
If you save, then perform more edits, and then want to return to the last saved version of your document, Elements provides you with a quick, efficient way to do so. If you choose Edit ⇒ Revert, Elements eliminates your new edits and takes you back to the last time you saved your file.
When you choose Revert, Revert appears in the History panel. You can eliminate the Revert command from the History panel by right-clicking (Windows) or Ctrl-clicking (on a Mac with a one-button mouse) the Revert item and choosing Delete from the contextual menu that appears.
Getting a Helping Hand
You probably bought this book because you’re not a fan of sifting through help files and want an expert guide to image editing. We share everything a beginner needs to get started in Elements, but Elements is too sophisticated a program to cover completely in the pages we have here. You may also need some quick help if you don’t have this book nearby.
Whenever you need a hand, know that you can find valuable help information quickly and easily within Elements itself. If you’re stuck on understanding a feature, ample help documents are only a mouse click away and can help you overcome some frustrating moments.
Your first stop is the Help menu, where you can find several commands that offer information:
Photoshop Elements Help:
Choose Help ⇒ Photoshop Elements Help or press the F1 key (Windows) or the Help key (on a Mac with an extended keyboard) to open the Elements Help file. You can type a search topic and press Enter to display a list of search results.
Getting Started:
Choose this item for tips and information on getting started in Elements.
Key Concepts:
While you read this book, if we use a term that you don’t completely understand, choose Help ⇒ Key Concepts. A web page opens in your default web browser and provides many web pages with definitions of terms and concepts.
Support:
This menu command launches your default web browser and takes you to the Adobe website (
www.adobe.com
), where you can find information about Elements, problems reported by users, and some workaround methods for getting a job done. You can find additional web-based help information by clicking Photoshop Elements Online and Online Learning Resources. The vast collection of web pages on Adobe’s website offers you assistance, tips and techniques, and solutions to many problems that come with editing images. Be sure to spend some time browsing these web pages.
Video Tutorials:
Choose Help ⇒ Video Tutorials to open a web page where videos for common tasks are hosted on Adobe’s website.
Forum:
Choose Help ⇒ Forum to explore user comments and questions with answers to many common problems.
Tooltips can be another helpful resource. While you move your cursor around tools and panels, pause a moment before clicking the mouse. A slight delay in your actions produces a tooltip, which is a small box that describes the item your mouse is pointing to. Elements provides this sort of dynamic help when you pause the cursor before moving to another location.
When you launch the Organizer or Photo Editor for the first time, you may see the eLive tab selected by default. eLive, shown in Figure 1-9, is a new feature in Elements that offers you help, tutorial assistance, and information related to updates. When you first begin to explore Elements, take a look at the various options you have for learning more about the program.
FIGURE 1-9: Find great help resources on the new eLive tab.
eLive has three separate categories and a View All category (called Everything) where all options are shown in the eLive window. You select a category by opening the drop-down menu from the left side of the window. Here you find:
Learn:
Click this item to learn various techniques in editing photos.
Inspire:
Click this item to view some inspirational creations.
News:
Click this tab to view Elements news items such as updates and announcements.
The eLive tab shows updated information as Adobe posts it. The interface is web-based and new updates to the individual items occur routinely. Be sure to explore eLive to keep updated with new ideas and announcements.
Saving Files with Purpose
When you save a file after editing it, you might save the file in the same file format, or change the format to suit your photo service center’s specifications or to ensure your image downloads quickly on a website.
When you save, Elements also enables you to take advantage of special features, such as saving different versions of a file or including your edited file in the Organizer as well as saving it to your hard drive.
This section is your guided tour of the Save/Save As dialog box (or Save As dialog box if you’re saving a file for the first time) and the Save for Web dialog box. In Chapter 2, you find a detailed explanation of how to choose a file format when you save.
Using the Save/Save As dialog box
In most any program, the Save (or Save As) dialog box is a familiar place where you make choices about the file to be saved. With Save As, you can save a duplicate copy of your image or save a modified copy and retain the original file. However, if you’re planning to upload your final image to the web, skip the familiar Save (or Save As) dialog box and see the next section, “Saving files for the web.”
To use the Save (or Save As) dialog box, choose File ⇒ Save for files to be saved the first time, or choose File ⇒ Save As when you want to make a copy of the open file, and a dialog box then opens.
As a matter of good practice, when you open an image, choose File ⇒ Save As for your first step in editing a photo. Save with a new filename to make a copy and then proceed to edit the photo. If you don’t like your editing results, you can return to the original, unedited photo and make another copy for editing.
The standard navigational tools you find in any Save dialog box appear in the Elements Save/Save As dialog box. Here are two standard options you find in the Elements Save/Save As dialog box:
Filename:
This item is common to all Save (Windows) or Save As (Mac) dialog boxes. Type a name for your file in the text box.
Format:
From the drop-down list, you choose file formats. We explain the formats that Elements supports in
Chapter 2
.
A few options make the Photoshop Elements Save/Save As dialog box different from other Save dialog boxes that you might be accustomed to using. The Save Options area in the Save As dialog box provides these choices:
Include in the Elements Organizer:
If you want the file added to the Organizer, select this check box. (For more information about using the Organizer, see
Part 2
.)
Save in Version Set with Original:
You can edit images and save a version of your image, but only in Quick mode. When you save the file from Quick mode, this check box is enabled. Select the box to save a version of the original, which appears in the Organizer.
Layers:
If your file has layers, selecting this check box preserves the layers.
As a Copy:
Use this option to save a copy without overwriting the original file.
Color:
Color profiles help you maintain accurate color, and this box controls your image’s color profile. Select the box for ICC (International Color Consortium) Profile. Depending on which profile you’re using, the option appears for sRGB or Adobe RGB (1998). When the check box is selected, the profile is embedded in the image.
Chapter 2
introduces color profiles in more detail, and
Chapter 14
explains how to use color profiles with your prints.
Thumbnail (Windows only):
If you save a file with a thumbnail, you can see a miniature representation of your image when viewing it in folders or on the desktop. If you select Ask When Saving in the Saving Files preferences, the check box can be enabled or disabled. If you select an option for Never Save or Always Save in the Preferences dialog box, this box is enabled or disabled (grayed out) for you. You need to return to the Preferences dialog box if you want to change the option.
Saving files for the web
The Save for Web command helps you prepare photos to show on the web or just onscreen. To use this command, make sure you’re in Expert mode. Then choose File ⇒ Save for Web. In the Save for Web dialog box that opens (see Figure 1-10), you see your original image on the left, and the result of making changes for file format and quality settings on the right.
FIGURE 1-10: The Save for Web dialog box.
The standard rule with web graphics is to find the smallest file size for an acceptable image appearance. In the Save for Web dialog box, you have many choices for reducing file size. Notice in Figure 1-10 that you see the original image with the file size reported below the image on the left. After choosing JPEG for the file type, you can see that the image size is reduced from the original 3.55MB to 55.52K. (See Chapter 2 for details about choosing a file type.)
You can also use the Quality item that appears to the right of the drop-down list to adjust the final quality of the saved file. Here, you need to find the right balance between quick download times and image appearance. Just keep an eye on the preview image as well as the download time information for your optimized file.
For the most accurate viewing, set the zoom size to 100 percent. In the lower-left corner of the dialog box, you can choose zoom levels from the drop-down list or just type a value in the field box. If your chosen settings noticeably degrade your image quality, you can easily discern the loss when viewing at a 100-percent view.
Working in the Save for Web dialog box is a matter of making choices and viewing the results. Toggle the different file type choices and make adjustments for quality. If you see image degradation, change to a different quality setting or file format. Always look at the file-size item reported below the image on the right and try to find the lowest file size that produces a good-looking image.
Chapter 2
Basic Image-Editing Concepts
IN THIS CHAPTER
Understanding and changing resolution
Resampling images
Understanding color modes
Working with file formats
Understanding color
When you open a picture in Photoshop Elements, you’re looking at a huge grid of pixels. These pixels are tiny, colored squares, and the number of pixels in a picture determines the picture’s resolution.
This relationship between pixels and resolution is important for you to understand in all your Elements work. You’ll find the concepts covered in this chapter especially helpful when creating selections (as we explain in Chapter 7), printing files (Chapter 14), and sharing files (Chapter 15).
Additionally, you need to understand color modes, which define how many colors an image contains. Color modes are important when you’re using tools in the Tools panel and Panel Bin and printing and sharing files. Basically, you want to choose a color mode for your image that is best suited for print or onscreen and the type of image you have (a photo with lots of colors versus a line drawing with only a few colors, for example).
Like resolution and color modes, the file format in which you save an image often depends on your desired output — print or screen — so this chapter concludes with an introduction to choosing a file format. This chapter helps you understand the basics of working with resolution, color modes, and file formats that are essential to great results in your final images. We talk about changing resolution by resizing images, converting color modes, and saving the results in different file formats.
Grappling with the Ubiquitous Pixels
Most digital images are composed of millions of tiny, square pixels. Each pixel has one, and only one, color value. The arrangement of the pixels of different shades and colors creates an optical illusion when you view an image onscreen. For example, black-and-white pixels might create the impression that you’re looking at something gray — not at tiny black-and-white squares.
Just about everything you do in Elements has to do with changing pixels:
Surrounding pixels with selection tools to select what appear to be objects in your image
Making pixels darker or lighter to change contrast and brightness
Changing shades and tints of pixels for color correction
Performing a variety of other editing tasks
An image made of pixels is a raster image. If you open a file in Elements that isn’t made of pixels, you can let Elements rasterize the data. In other words, Elements converts other data to pixels if the document wasn’t originally composed of pixels.
Images not made of pixels are typically vector images. You can also have vector content in an Elements file. Text added with the Type tool, for example, is a vector object. When you save an Elements file with the Text layer intact or save it as a Photoshop PDF file, the vector data is retained. We talk more about vector data in Chapter 13. For this chapter, you just need to focus on raster data.
To use most of the tools and commands in Elements, you must be working on a raster image file. If your data isn’t rasterized, many tools and commands are unavailable.
The pixels in an image determine an image’s resolution and dimensions, as we explain in the following sections.
Understanding resolution
The number of pixels in an image file determines the image’s resolution, which is measured in pixels per inch (ppi). For example:
If you have 300 pixels across a 1-inch horizontal line, your image resolution is 300 ppi.
If you have 72 pixels across 1 inch, your image resolution is 72 ppi.
Image resolution is critical to properly outputting files in the following instances:
Printing images:
The optimal resolution for print is 300 ppi. If the image resolution is too low, the image prints poorly. If the resolution is too high, you waste time processing all the data that needs to be sent to your printer.
Showing images onscreen: The best resolution for onscreen images is 72 ppi. Onscreen resolution is lower than print to match typical screen resolutions (also called display resolution). Just as images have resolution inherent in their files, your computer monitor displays everything you see in a fixed resolution. Computer monitors display images at 72 ppi (or 85 or 96 ppi or higher). That’s all you get. What’s important to know is that you can always best view photos on your computer monitor at a 72-ppi image size in a 100 percent view.
Newer devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have screens with higher resolutions. You can find device display resolutions from 150 ppi to more than 300 ppi on a variety of devices. When you design for a specific display, it’s important to know the device display-resolution capabilities before you start working in Elements.
To see how image resolution and screen resolution combine and impact what you see onscreen, look at Figure 2-1. You see an image reduced to 50 percent and then at different zoom sizes. When the size changes, the monitor displays your image at different resolutions. For example, if you view a photo with a resolution of 72 ppi and reduce the size to 50-percent view on your monitor, the resolution on the monitor appears as though the photo is at 144 ppi. When the size is 100 percent, the image resolution is the same as the monitor resolution. Table 2-1 provides a closer look at these differences in resolution.
FIGURE 2-1: The same image is viewed at different zoom levels.
TABLE 2-1 How Image and Display Resolutions Affect What You See Onscreen
Image Resolution
Display Resolution
Zoom Level
How Image Appears Onscreen
72 ppi
72 ppi
100%
Image appears onscreen at its actual resolution, so the onscreen display is the same as what you’d see if you printed the image. The print won’t be crisp, however, because the resolution is too low for print. A low resolution looks fine on a monitor but not on paper.
72 ppi
72 ppi
50%
Image appears smaller onscreen, as though it has a higher image resolution (144 ppi, or twice the resolution that it actually has).
72 ppi
72 ppi
200%
Image appears larger onscreen, as though it has a lower image resolution (36 ppi, or half of its actual resolution). The display needs to simulate “spreading out” the pixels to make the image appear bigger.
300 ppi
72 ppi
100%
Image appears larger onscreen than it will in print, because the monitor can display only 72 ppi. A print of this image will look clear and crisp, because 300 ppi is the ideal resolution for prints.
300 ppi
72 ppi
50%
Image appears smaller onscreen but will print larger than the monitor view.
300 ppi
72 ppi
200%
Image appears larger onscreen but will print smaller than the monitor view.
This relationship between the image resolution and viewing the image at different zoom levels is an important concept to grasp. If you grab an image off the web and zoom in on it, you may see a view like the 800-percent view shown in Figure 2-1. If you acquire a digital camera image, you may need to zoom out to a 16-percent view to fit the entire image in the image window.
The reason that these displays vary so much is because of image resolution. That image you grabbed off a web page might be a 2-inch-square image at 72 ppi, and that digital camera image might be a 10-x-12-inch image at 240 ppi. To fill the entire window with the web image, you need to zoom in on the file. When you zoom in, the image appears as though it’s reduced in resolution.
When you zoom into or out of an image, you change the resolution as it appears on your monitor. No resolution changes are made to the file. The image resolution remains the same until you use one of the Elements tools to reduce or increase the image resolution.
Understanding image dimensions
Image dimensions involve the physical size of your file. If the size is 4 x 5 inches, for example, the file can be any number of different resolution values. After the file is open in Elements, you can change the dimensions of the image, the resolution, or both.
When you change only the dimensions of an image (not the number of pixels it contains), an inverse relationship exists between the physical size of your image and the resolution. When image size is increased, resolution decreases. Conversely, when you raise resolution, you reduce image size.
The Art of Resampling
In some cases, images are too large, and you need to reduce their resolution and physical size. In other cases, you might need a higher resolution to output your images at larger sizes. This method of sizing — changing the size, as well as the number of pixels — is dubbed resampling an image. Specifically, reducing resolution is downsampling, and raising resolution is upsampling.
Here’s a quick example to clarify the benefit of resampling. Say you have a photo taken with a digital single-lens reflex (SLR) camera, which takes pretty high-resolution photos. The photo could easily have a resolution of 300 dpi and dimensions of 14 x 10 inches. If you just want to make a few color corrections in Elements and then make 7-x-5-inch prints for your family members, resampling the file keeps the file size manageable for both your computer’s memory and for uploading to a printing service. Because you decreased the photo’s dimensions, the photo still maintains the resolution you need for a high-quality photo print (that is, 300 dots per inch; dpi). If you just changed the photo’s dimensions without resampling, the photo’s resolution would almost double, making for an unnecessarily large file.
Use caution when you resample images; when you resample, you either toss away pixels or manufacture new pixels. To protect your images during resampling, work on a copy of your image, instead of the original file.
Changing image size and resolution
You can change an image’s size and resolution in a couple of different ways. One method is cropping images. You can use the Crop tool with or without resampling images. For more information on using the Crop tool, see Chapter 9. Another method is using the Image Size dialog box, which you use in many of your editing sessions in Elements.
To resample an image with the Image Size dialog box, follow these steps:
Choose Image ⇒ Resize ⇒ Image Size.
Alternatively, you can press Ctrl+Alt+I (+Option+I on the Mac). The Image Size dialog box opens, as shown in Figure 2-2.
The Pixel Dimensions area in the Image Size dialog box shows the file size (in this example, 12.1M). This number is the amount of space the image takes up on your hard drive. The width and height values are fixed unless you select the Resample Image check box at the bottom of the dialog box.
In the Document Size area, redefine dimensions and resolution.
The options are
Width:
Type a value in the text box to resize the image’s width. Then press Tab to move out of the field and implement the change. From the drop-down list to the right of the text box, you can choose a unit of measure: percent, inches, centimeters, millimeters, points, picas, or columns.
Height: The Height options are the same as the Width.
If you keep the sizing proportional, you typically edit either the Width or Height text box, but not both. When you alter either width or height, the resolution changes inversely.
Resolution:
