PHP and MySQL 24-Hour Trainer E-Book

Andrea Tarr

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 559

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Step-by-step lessons for using PHP and MySQL in a unique book-and-video combination Assuming no previous experience with PHP or MySQL, this book-and-video package is ideal reading for anyone who wants to go beyond HTML/CSS in order to provide clients with the most dynamic web sites possible. The approachable tone breaks down the basics of programming and PHP and MySQL in individual lessons starting with the installation of the programs necessary to run PHP. You begin with a static web site and then watch and learn as PHP functionality is added as you work through the lessons. When working with databases, the MySQL database is introduced with demonstrations that show how to interact with it. The accompanying videos enhance your learning experience, as each lesson in the book is portrayed in the video exercises. Lessons include: * Getting started with PHP * Setting up your workspace * Adding PHP to a web page * Learning PHP syntax * Working with variables * Debugging code * Working with complex data * Making decisions * Repeating program steps * Learning about scope * Reusing code with functions * Creating forms * Introducing object-oriented programming * Defining classes * Using classes * Using advanced techniques * Handling errors * Writing secure code * Introducing databases * Introducing MySQL * Creating and connecting to the * Creating tables * Entering data * Selecting data * Using multiple tables * Changing data * Deleting data * Preventing database security issues * Creating user logins * Turn the case study into a content management system Note: As part of the print version of this title, video lessons are included on DVD. For e-book versions, video lessons can be accessed at wrox.com using a link provided in the interior of the e-book.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Section I: Getting Started with PHP

Lesson 1: Setting Up Your Workspace

Installing XAMPP

Installing Your Editor

Configuring Your Workspace

Lesson 2: Adding PHP to a Web Page

Writing Your First PHP Page

Introducing the Case Study

Using echo and include

Lesson 3: Learning PHP Syntax

Picking a Formatting Style

Learning PHP Syntax

Entering Comments

Using Best Practices

Lesson 4: Working with Variables

Introduction to Variables

Working with Text

Understanding Different Types of Numbers

Working with Numbers

Changing between Text and Numbers

Lesson 5: Debugging Code

Troubleshooting Techniques

Using Xdebug

Lesson 6: Working with Complex Data

Working with Arrays

Working with Logical Variables

Working with Constants

Working with Dates

Working with Built-in Functions

Working with Objects

Section II: Working with PHP Controls, Functions, and Forms

Lesson 7: Making Decisions

If/Else

Logical Operators

Switch Statements

Alternative Syntax

Lesson 8: Repeating Program Steps

While Loops

Do/While Loops

For Loops

Foreach Loops

Continue/Break

Lesson 9: Learning about Scope

Learning about Local Variables

Learning about Global Variables

Lesson 10: Reusing Code with Functions

Defining Functions

Passing Parameters

Getting Values from Functions

Using Functions

Including Other Files

Lesson 11: Creating Forms

Setting Up Forms

Processing Forms

Redirecting with Headers

Section III: Objects and Classes

Lesson 12: Introducing Object-Oriented Programming

Understanding the Reasons for Using OOP

Introducing OOP Concepts

Learning Variations in Different PHP Releases

Lesson 13: Defining Classes

Defining Class Variables (Properties)

Defining Class Functions (Methods)

Lesson 14: Using Classes

Instantiating the Class

Using Objects

Lesson 15: Using Advanced Techniques

Initializing the Class

Understanding Scope

Understanding Inheritance

Understanding Static Methods and Properties

Section IV: Preventing Problems

Lesson 16: Handling Errors

Testing for Errors

Using Try/Catch

Lesson 17: Writing Secure Code

Understanding Common Threats

Using Proper Coding Techniques

Section V: Using a Database

Lesson 18: Introducing Databases

What Is a Database?

Gathering Information to Define Your Database

Designing Your Tables

Setting Up Relationships between Tables

Instituting the Business Rules

Normalizing the Tables

Lesson 19: Introducing MySQL

Using phpMyAdmin

Learning the Syntax

Lesson 20: Creating and Connecting to the Database

Connecting with mysql/mysqli

Connecting with PDO

Creating the Database

Lesson 21: Creating Tables

Understanding Data Types

Using AUTO_INCREMENT

Understanding Defaults

Creating Tables in phpMyAdmin

Using .sql Script Files

Adding MySQL Tables to PHP

Lesson 22: Entering Data

Understanding the INSERT Command

Executing MySQL Commands in PHP

Processing Data Entry Forms in PHP

Lesson 23: Selecting Data

Using the SELECT Command

Using WHERE

Selecting Data in PHP

Lesson 24: Using Multiple Tables

Using the JOIN Clause

Using Subqueries

Lesson 25: Changing Data

Using the UPDATE Command

Updating Data in PHP

Using Prepared Statements

Lesson 26: Deleting Data

Using the DELETE Command

Deleting Data in PHP

Lesson 27: Preventing Database Security Issues

Understanding Security Issues

Using Best Practices

Filtering Data

Section VI: Putting It All Together

Lesson 28: Creating User Logins

Understanding Access Control

Protecting Passwords

Using Cookies and Sessions

Putting Logins to Work

Lesson 29: Turn the Case Study into a Content Management System

Designing and Creating the Table

Creating the Class

Creating the Maintenance Pages

Creating the Display Page

Lesson 30: Creating a Dynamic Menu

Setting up the Menu Table

Adding the Menu to the Website

Lesson 31: Next Steps

Introduction

Advertisements

Download CD/DVD Content

Section I

Getting Started with PHP

Lesson 1: Setting Up Your WorkspaceLesson 2: Adding PHP to a Web PageLesson 3: Learning PHP SyntaxLesson 4: Working with VariablesLesson 5: Debugging CodeLesson 6: Working with Complex Data

In this section, you learn the basics of working with PHP. In the first lesson, you learn what PHP requires on your computer before PHP will run. If your computer does not have the necessary software, you can use the instructions provided to download the free software, install it, and configure it to work. In the next lesson, you learn how HTML and PHP work together as you add your first PHP code to a web page. You are also introduced to the Case Study website you use throughout the book.

You learn in the third lesson about the syntax of PHP and how to write PHP statements. In the fourth lesson, you learn what variables are and how to use them. At this point, you will have learned enough to start making mistakes, so in the next lesson you learn about how to find your errors and debug your code. You need to know about debugging as you work with more complex data in the final lesson of this section.

Lesson 2

Adding PHP to a Web Page

PHP is a programming scripting language that was first developed to generate HTML statements. Even programs written totally in PHP are ultimately displayed as ordinary HTML.

You can also write programs that are mostly HTML with just the occasional PHP statement. In this lesson you start with an HTML page and learn how to add PHP statements to it.

You are also introduced to the Case Study website. By the end of this book, you will have changed it from a static HTML/CSS site to a dynamic website. In this lesson you add the first bit of dynamic code.

Writing Your First PHP Page

You start with a simple HTML page that looks like Figure 2-1. The file is called lesson2a.html.

Figure 2-1

Here's the HTML for that page:

<html> <head> <title>Lesson 2a</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome</h1> <p>Today is Sep 27, 2011</p> </body> </html>

Now you turn this into a PHP page. All you do is change the file extension from .html to .php and it becomes a PHP file. When you call that in your browser it still looks just like Figure 2-1.

You can display standard HTML in your browser by entering the file path. An example of a file path isc:/xamppfiles/htdocs/lesson2a.html. With.phpfiles, you enter the address that starts with the web root. An example of an address ishttp://localhost/lesson2a.php.

The difference is that, because of the .php extension, the PHP processor reads through the file to see if there is any PHP to process. Any HTML that it finds it prints to the screen. Because all it found was HTML, the results were just the same as the .html file.

So the first rule of writing PHP code is to use the file extension .php.

Other extensions run PHP code, but for this book, .php is the only one you need.

Today isn't really Sep 27, 2011, so you can add PHP code to dynamically display today's date. Make a copy of the previous file, call it lesson2b.php, change the title to Lesson 2b and replace Sep 27, 2011 with the following code:

<?php echo date('M j, Y'); ?>

The file now looks like the following:

<html> <head> <title>Lesson 2b</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome</h1> <p>Today is <?php echo date('M j, Y'); ?></p> </body> </html>

When you run this code in your browser it looks similar to Figure 2-2. Of course your screen displays the current date.

Figure 2-2

The PHP processor looks for blocks of code that start with <?php. It interprets everything after that as PHP code until it gets to a ?>. The echo date('M j, Y') tells the processor to find today's date; format it with a three-character month, the day without leading zeros followed by a comma, and a four-digit year; and then output it. The program continues to output the HTML that it finds, but also processes the new PHP code.

You learn more about echo later in this lesson and about processing dates in Lesson 6.

Introducing the Case Study

To give you a feel for how PHP code can make a website dynamic, you take a static HTML/CSS website and replace sections of it with PHP code as you work through the lessons. The site is for a fictitious company called Smithside Auctions. This company holds auctions of historic clothing throughout the year. Figure 2-3 shows the Home page.

Figure 2-3

The About Us page lists the employees, as shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4

Smithside Auctions assigns the clothing into lots for the auctions and then puts those lots into appropriate categories. The categories are shown in Figure 2-5 and a sample of the detail of one of the categories is shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-5

Figure 2-6

You can download the code for this site from the book's website at www.wrox.com. There is a version available for the start of each lesson in which you use the case study. Thus you can follow along, making the changes as you do the lessons, or you can simply download appropriate code at any point in the process if you want.

The photographs are from Augusta Auctions, an actual company that auctions consigned historic clothing and textiles. You can use the photographs for the exercises in this book. If you want to use them for any other purpose, contact Augusta Auctions through its website atwww.augusta-auction.com. While there, you can browse through the rest of the 30,000 photos on the site.

Using echo and include

The echo function tells the processor to output data. The PHP version

<?php echo '<p>Where is the dog?</p>'; ?>

is the same as the HTML version

<p>Where is the dog?</p>

You can use either a single quote (') or a double quote ("). If the text you are printing already has single or double quotes in it, use the other type of quote to surround it. For example:

<?php echo "<p>Where's my dog?</p>"; ?>

is the same as

<p>Where's my dog?</p>

You learn about some differences between the two quote types in Lesson 4.

The include function tells the processor to take the file that you specify and insert it in place of the include statement.

Create the file lesson02d.php with this code:

<h1>Welcome</h1> <p>Today is <?php echo date('M j, Y'); ?>.</p>

Some text editors automatically put a<?phpat the beginning of any PHP file you create. Just type over it if you are not starting the file with PHP code, as in this example.

Create the file lesson02e.php with the following code. Your output should look similar to Figure 2-7.

<html> <head> <title>Lesson 2e</title> </head> <body> <?php include('lesson02d.php'); ?> </body> </html>

Figure 2-7

This is what the processor sees:

<html> <head> <title>Lesson 2e</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome</h1> <p>Today is <?php echo date('M j, Y'); ?></p> </body> </html>

If you view the source in your browser, you see:

<html> <head> <title>Lesson 2e</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome</h1> <p>Today is Feb 15, 2011.</p> </body> </html>

The include makes it possible to create a single file that can be called multiple times or to create a single file where you can swap different parts in and out.

Try It

In this Try It, you take the content out of the Home page (index.html), put it in a separate file, and include it into the renamed index.php file. This content file goes in a new folder called content. Then you change about.html so that the content section is called as an include in index.php.

Like most websites, the header information and the footer information in the Case Study site stay the same while the content on the page changes. Using the include enables you to create several web pages that share a single file for the header and footer information, making changes easier.

You can download the code and resources for this Try It from the book's web page atwww.wrox.com. You can find them in the Lesson02 folder in the download. You will find code for both before and after completing the exercises.

Lesson Requirements

Your computer needs to be able to run as a web server with PHP and MySQL. XAMPP is a package of software that installs the web server, PHP, and MySQL for you. You can find instructions for downloading and installing XAMPP in Lesson 1.

You need a text editor that can produce plain-text files. You can find instructions for downloading and installing Eclipse PDT in Lesson 1. Other text editors that you can use are Adobe's Dreamweaver in code mode, Notepad, TextWrangler, or NetBeans.

If you are following along with the Case Study, you need your files from the end of the previous lesson. Alternatively, you can download the files from the book's website at www.wrox.com.

Hints

Remember to rename the files to .php.

Remember to use the localhost address to call the website locally.

Step-by-Step

1. Start with the HTML Case Study code. You can download it from the Lesson02/lesson02cs folder on the book's web page at www.wrox.com. This exercise could also be done on any simple HTML site.

2. Rename the index.html file to index.php.

3. Create a folder called content.

4. Create a blank file content/home.php.

5. Cut the following code from index.php and put it in contents/home.php:

<h1>Next Auction September 22nd</h1> <p>Join us for our next auction of historic clothing to be held at the St. Paul's Auditorium in NYC on September 22nd at 1 o'clock.</p> <p>Lots can be viewed the prior day from 4pm until 7pm and again on Thursday morning from 10am to noon.</p>

6. Replace that code in index.php with the following:

<?php include 'content/home.php';?>

7. Change the menu to look for the .php file instead of the .html file. The code should look like this:

<li><a href="index.php">Home</a></li>

8. Call up the Home page in your browser. It should still look like Figure 2-3.

9. Rename about.html to about.php.

10. Move about.php to the content folder.

11. Remove all the code except the code in the <div class="content"> div.

12. Check that the remaining code in content/about.php is

<h1>About Us</h1> <p>We are all happy to be a part of this. Please contact any of us with questions.</p> <ul class="ulfancy"> <li class="row0"> <h2>Martha Smith</h2> <p>Position: none<br /> Email: [email protected]<br /> Phone: <br /></p> </li> <li class="row1"> <h2>George Smith</h2> <p>Position: <br /> Email: [email protected]<br /> Phone: [phone]<br /></p> </li> <li class="row0"> <h2>Jeff Meyers</h2> <p>Position: hip hop expert for shure<br /> Email: [email protected]<br /> Phone: <br /></p> </li> <li class="row1"> <h2>Peter Meyers</h2> <p>Position: <br /> Email: [email protected]<br /> Phone: [phone]<br /></p> </li> <li class="row0"> <h2>Sally Smith</h2> <p>Position: <br /> Email: [email protected]<br /> Phone: [phone]<br /></p> </li> <li class="row1"> <h2>Sarah Finder</h2> <p>Position: Lost Soul<br /> Email: [email protected]<br /> Phone: [phone]<br /></p> </li> </ul>

13. Go to the index.php file and change the include statement from <?php include 'content/home.php';?> to <?php include 'content/about.php';?> .

14. Change the menu to look for the index.php file instead of the about.html file. The code should look like this:

<li><a href="index.php">About Us</a></li>

15. Call up the About Us page in your browser. It should still look like Figure 2-4.

Both the Home page and the About Us page are called by theindex.phpfile. At the moment, you need to change theincludestatement in theindex.phpfile to switch between the pages. In Lesson 7 you learn how to make them change automatically.

16. Go back to the index.php file and change the include statement from <?php include 'content/about.php';?> to <?php include 'content/home.php';?>.

Watch the video for Lesson 2 on the DVD or watch online atwww.wrox.com/go/24phpmysql.

Lesson 3

Learning PHP Syntax

You’ve seen how PHP can work on a web page. Now it's time to learn some basics of coding in PHP before you get into the detail of the language.

In this lesson you find out about formatting styles for PHP. You learn the general rules of PHP syntax and how to create comments. You learn the specific syntax of different PHP elements as you go over them in subsequent chapters.

Finally, you learn some best practices to make life easier and your code better.

Picking a Formatting Style

When you read a book or type a letter you are used to certain conventions. For instance, each paragraph might have the first line indented and a space before the next paragraph. Each chapter might start with the first letter enlarged.

Styling makes the text easier to understand because it organizes the information and tells you what to expect. If there are no paragraphs, if all the sentences continue one after the other without a break, you can read it but it is more difficult.

Programming uses formatting styles in the same way. The program runs fine without using any formatting but it is more difficult for a human being to read. It is harder to see what is happening and harder to find errors.