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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
In the last two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have provoked considerable interest due to their potential applications in different fields such as catalysis, gas storage and sensing. The most important advantages of MOFs over other porous materials is the ability of tailoring their pore size, functionality and even the topology of the framework by rational selection of the molecular building blocks. Therefore, many chemists have tried to engineer the structure of MOFs to achieve specific functions. Pillared metal organic frameworks are a class of MOFs composed of inorganic secondary building units (SBUs) and two sets of organic linkers, generally oxygen- and nitrogen-donor ligands. Typically, in the structure of pillared MOFs, the oxygen-donor struts link the metal clusters into a two-dimensional (2D) sheet and the N-donor struts pillar the sheets to generate a three-dimensional (3D) framework. Thus, the construction of MOFs by utilizing two sets of organic linkers could provide an extra possibility for further tuning of MOF's pore walls. A variety of functional groups including imine, amide and heterocycles were successfully incorporated into bidentate pillar ligand skeleton. Interestingly, by using pillaring linkers with different length, a wide diversity of metal-organic frameworks with tunable pore dimensions and topologies can be obtained. In this book, we introduce pillared metal organic frameworks with their properties and applications.
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Contents
Cover
Title page
Copyright page
Preface
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction to Metal-Organic Frameworks
1.1 What are the Metal-Organic Frameworks?
1.2 Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks
1.3 Structural Highlights of Metal-Organic Frameworks
1.4 Expansion of Metal-Organic Frameworks Structures
1.5 High Thermal and Chemical Stability
1.6 Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks
1.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Pillar-Layer Metal-Organic Frameworks
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Topology and Diversity in Pillar-Layered MOFs
2.3 Synthesis Methods in Pillar-Layered MOFs
2.4 Linkers in Pillar-Layered MOFs
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Rigid and Flexible Pillars
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Introduction to N-donor Pillars
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Bipyridine
4.3 Dabco
4.4 Imidazole and Pyrazole
4.5 Triazole and Tetrazole
4.6 Pyrazine and Pipyrazine
4.7 Amide, Imide, Amin and Azine/Azo Spacer
4.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Introduction to Aromatic and Aliphatic Pillars
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Non-Interpentrated Frameworks
5.3 Frameworks with Interpenetration
5.4 Control over Interpenetration
5.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Introduction to O-Donor Pillars
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Stability and Interpenetration in Pillar-Layer MOFs
7.1 Stability in Pillar-Layer MOFs
7.2 Interpenetration in Pillar-Layer MOFs
7.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Properties and Applications of Pillar-Layer MOFs
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Gas Storage and Separation in Pillar-Layer MOFs
8.3 Catalysis in Pillar-Layer MOFs
8.4 Adsorptive Removal and Separation of Chemicals in Pillar-Layer MOFs
8.5 Sensing in Pillar-Layer MOFs
8.6 Conclusion
References
Glossary
Subject Index
End User License Agreement
Guide
Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1
Some inorganic secondary building units (A) and organic linkers (B) [1].
Figure 1.2
Crystal structures of MOF-5 and MOF-2 with different MBB.
Figure 1.3
Crystal structures of Zn
4
O(BTB)
2
prepared in different sol...
Figure 1.4
CO
2
adsorption isotherms for Mg
2
(dobdc) collected over a t...
Figure 1.5
Basic schemes showing the types of CO
2
capture. The processes for pos...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1
Simple representation of pillar linker used for improving dimensionality.
Figure 2.2
Number of pillar MOFs reported each year.
Figure 2.3
(a) Representation of azine functional group only on pillar [3], (b) Representat...
Figure 2.4
The rational percentage of main reported RCSR topologies in pillar-layered MOFs...
Figure 2.5
The number of different synthetic methods in pillar-layered MOFs.
Figure 2.6
Schematic representation of pillared-layered exchange in a 3D MOF.
Figure 2.7
Comparison between reaction routes of EASY-MOFs and SALE/SMILE (blue and green r...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1
Showing several cases of guest accommodation (a) shrinking (b) expanding (c) sha...
Figure 3.2
Schematic demonstration of changing pillar length.
Figure 3.3
Library of fu-bdc linkers used in the preparation of (Zn
2
(fu-bdc)...
Figure 3.4
Structural representations of the different forms of (Zn
2
(2,5-BME-bdc...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1
View of the 3D framework (a) along the c-axis showing oval shaped channels decor...
Figure 4.2
Reaction Schemes toward (Ni(HBTC)(dabco)) via random ligand exchange and toward...
Figure 4.3
(a) Structures of TBAPy (left) and dabco (right); (b) Crystal Structure of NU-50...
Figure 4.4
The PL intensities of MOF toward selective aromatic molecules.
Figure 4.5
The structurally related ancillary ligands.
Figure 4.6
3D structure of (Co
8.5
(µ
4
-O)(bpdc)
3
(bpz)...
Figure 4.7
(a) Comparison of adsorption isotherms of H
2
O on (Cu
2
(pzdc...
Figure 4.8
The binding character of 2,6-diaminopurine in reported complexes.
Figure 4.9
Views of TMU-4. (a) Representation showing the pore channels and that the networ...
Figure 4.10
The interaction between the azine moiety of 4-bpdh and picric acid is highlighted (bottom). Color code: O: red; N: blue; C: black; and Zn: blue polyhedra.
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1
Design of pore space via the introduction of a rotational module as a molecular...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1
(a) The 6
3
layer formed by tipb ligands and nickel atoms. (b) The (3,...
Figure 6.2
((Zn
2
(TRZ)
2
)
8
(dicarboxylate)
4
) build...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1
Water adsorption isotherms as a function of relative humidity at 298 K in air fo...
Figure 7.2
Synthetic rout and structures of three MOFs.
Figure 7.3
Structures of (a) (Ni(bpea)(L1)(H
2
O))
n
, (b) (Ni(bpea)(L2))...
Figure 7.4
(a) Synthesis method of TMU-25 and TMU-26, (b) Chemical structure of the organic...
Figure 7.5
Coordination environments of Cd and ligands in (a) (Cd(
L
)(bpy)), (b) (Cd(...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1
Yield-versus-time profile of aldol-type condensation reaction of (a) 2-cyclopent...
Figure 8.2
Kinetic breakthrough curves of SO
2
(A) and NH
3
(B) contami...
Figure 8.3
(top) Luminescence of the powdered [Zn
2
(bdc)
2
(dpNDI)]...
Figure 8.4
(A) Crystal structure of highly hydrophobic [Ni
8
(OH)
4
(H...
Figure 8.5
The PL intensities of compound 3 introduced to various pure solvents (a) and dif...
Figure 8.6
The PL intensities of
3
toward selective aromatic molecules with concentr...
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1
CO
2
and N
2
uptake in selected metal-organic frameworks at...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1
N, O and S-donor-based ligands (Pillars) as building blocks for MOFs.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1
O-donor-based ligands as layers for MOFs.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1
Summary of the compositions and water stability characteristics for the some pi...
Chapter 8
Table 8.1
Coupling reaction of malononitrile and carbonyl compounds with the prepared MOF...
Table 8.2
Kinetic equation of CR removal.
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Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106
Publishers at ScrivenerMartin Scrivener ([email protected])Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Pillared Metal-Organic Frameworks
Properties and Applications
Lida Hashemi
Ali Morsali
Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
This edition first published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA© 2019 Scrivener Publishing LLCFor more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-46024-4
Preface
Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) are the class of promising materials which have attracted a tremendous amount of attention in the recent decades. MOFs are regarded as a subclass of coordination polymers (CP) which are constructed by self-assembly of metal ions or metal clusters linked together by organic ligands containing multiple binding sites oriented with specific angularity generating structures with permanent porosity, high specific surface area and tunable topology. Possessing the merits of alternative structural tailorability and functionality, make them appropriate for different potential applications such as gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, biomedical applications, sensing, host guest induced separation and etc.
Pillar-layered MOFs are among the most studied research area related to inorganic polymers. Investigating their properties and application as a multi donor 3-D porous frameworks is of interest. Modifying pillar moieties as a third building blocks of pillar-layered MOFs, together with metal nodes and oxygen donor linkers, can enhance controlling structure assembly and lead to specific properties into obtained structures. The structure of a pillar can be easily modified which causes better design of desired structural topology and pore environment. An overview on structural properties of this branch of MOFs is done in this book which can be useful for better understanding their properties and fabrication of new advanced structures.
Lida Hashemi and Ali MorsaliDepartment of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Islamic Republic of IranJanuary 2019
Abbreviations
1,2-H
2
BDC
1,2- benzenedicarboxylic acid
1,3-bib
1,3-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene
1,4-bdc-NH
2,
NH
2
-BDC, H
2
atpa
2-minoterephthalic acid, 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
1,4-bib (1,4-bbi) (bimb)(biim-4)
1,4-bis(imidazol)butane or 1,1′(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole) or 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane or 1,4-bis(imidazol-1′-yl)butane or 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole)
1,4-bib (dib) (dip) (BIP)
1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene or 4,4′-bis(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl
1,4-ndc
1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate
1,4-pdaa
1,4-phenylenediacetic acid
1,6-bih (bimh)
1,6-bis(imidazol-1-yl)hexane
2,2/,3,3/-odpda
2,2
/
,3,3
/
-oxydiphthalic dianhydride
2,2
/
,3,3
/
-tdpda
2,2
/
,3,3
/
-thiodiphthalic dianhydride
2,2′-bipy
2,2′-bpyridine
2,5 -bptz (bpt)
2,5 -bis(pyrid-4-yl)1,3,4-thiadiazole
2,5-pydc
pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid
2,6-H
2
bptp
2,6-bis(3-(pyrid-4-yl)-1,2,4-triazolyl)pyridine
2,6-H
2
pydc
2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid
2F-4spy
2′-fluoro-4-styrylpyridine
2-PyBIm
2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole
3 -abpt (3-bpt)
4 -amino-3,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole
3 –bpcb
N,N′-bis(3-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,4-benzene
3 –PYTZ
3,6 -bis(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine
3,3′-bpt
3-(5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) pyridine
3,3′-dmbpy
3,3′- dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridine
3,3′-tmbpt
1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) methyl)-3,5- bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole
3,4′-bpdc
biphenyl-3,4′-dicarboxylate
3,4′-tmbpt
1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) methyl)-3-(3- pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole)
3,5-daba
3,5-diaminobenzoate
3,5-PDC
3,5-pyridinecarboxylate
3-bpah
N,N′-bis(3-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-cyclohexane
3-bpdb (3-bpmh) (3-bpd)
1,4-bis(3-pyridyl)-2,3- diaza-1,3-butadiene
3-bpdh
2,5-bis-(3-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene
3-bpmp
3-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine
3-dpba
N,N′-di(3-pyridyl)butanediamide
3-dpha
N,N′-bis(3-pyridyl)adipamide or N,N′-di(3-pyridyl) hexanedioicdiamide
3-dppa
N,N′-bis(3-pyridyl)malonamide or N,N′-di(3-pyridyl)propanediamide
3-dppia
N,N′-bis(3-pyridyl) heptandiamide or N,N′-di(3-pyridyl(pimelicdiamide
3-dpsea
N,N′-di(3-pyridyl)sebacicdiamide
3-dpyh
N,N′-di(3-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,6-hexane
3-pina
N-(3-pyridyl)-isonicotinamide
3-pna
N-(pyridin-3-yl)nicotinamide
3-ptz
3-pyridyltetrazoles
4,4′-ADB, AzDC
azobenzene- 4,4′-dicarboxylica acid, 4,4′-(diazene-1,2-diyl) dibenzoic acid
4,4′-bibp
4,4′-bis(benzimidazol)propane
4,4′-bipy
4,4′-bpyridine
4,4′-bpt (bpt)
4,4′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl) dipyridine or 1H-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole
4,4′-DIB (bibm) (bpim)(4,4′-bimbp) (bimb) (bibp)(dibp)
4,4′-di (1H-imidazole-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl
4,4′-tmbpt
1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole
4-bmbpd
N,N′-bis(4-methylenepyridin-4-yl)-1,4-benzenedicarboxamide
4-bpah
N,N′-bis(4-pyridinecarboxamide)-1,2-cyclohexane
4-bpdh
2,5-bis-(4-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene
4-bpmb
N
1
,N
4
-bis-((pyridin-4-yl)methylene) benzene-1,4-diamine or N,N′-bis-(4-pyridylmethylene)-1,4-benzenediamine
4-bpmh (4-bpdb) (bphz)(azpy)
trans 4,4′-azobispyridine or N,N-bis-pyridine-4-ylmethylene-hydrazin, 1,2-bis-(4-pyridylmethylene)hydrazine
4-Br-H
2
ip
4-bromobromoisophthalic acid
4-nbpy (4-bpmn)
Bis-pyridin-4-ylmethylene-naphtalene-1,5-diamine
4-pina
N-(4-pyridyl)-isonicotinamide
4-pna
N-(4-pyridyl)-nicotinamide
4-ptz (4-H-ptz)
4-pyridyltetrazole
5-Br-H
2
ip
5-bromoisophthalate
5-iipa
5-iodo-isophthalic acid
5-OH-H
2
bdc, H
2
hip
5-hydroxyisophthalic acid
9Meade
9-methyladenine
Abimb
2-amine-4,4′-bis(1-imidazolyl)-bibenzene
Adb
anthracene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
Apyr
2-amino-pyrazine
Asp
Aspartic acid
azpy (abpy) (azbpy) (azopy) (dpa) (pdp) (dpd)
4,4′-azopyridine or 4,4′-azobis (pyridine) or 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl) diazene or 4- ((E) - 4 - pyridinylazo) pyridine or dipyridine-4-yl-diazen
Atz
aminotetrazole or 5-amino-1H-tetrazole
Bbp
1,3-bis(benzimidazol)propane
Bdc
terephthalic acid, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
BDC-Br
2-bromo-1,4- benzenedicarboxylic acid
BDC-Cl
2
2,5 dichloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
BDC-OH
2-hydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
Beb
1,4-bis(2-ethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene
Betib
1,4-bis(2-ethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) butane
Bhep
1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine
bib (dmib)
1,4-bis(1-imidazol-yl)-2,5-dimethyl benzene
BIDPE
4,4
/
-bis(imidazol-1-yl)diphenyl ether
biim-2 (bie)
1,1′-(1,2-ethyl)bis(imidazole) or 1,2-bis(imidazol-1-yl)ethane
Bimx
1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene
Bip
1,5-bis(imidazole-1-yl)pentane
Bisopib
1,4-bis(2-isopropyl-1Himidazol-1-yl)butane
Bmb
1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene
BME-bdc
2,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-1,4-benzene-dicarboxylate
bmib (bib) (bmeib)
1,4-bis(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane or bis(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)butane
bmix (4,4′-bmib) (pbmeix)
1,4-bis(2-methylimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-benzene or 4,4′-bis (2-methylimidazol- 1-yl)benzene
BODC
Bicycle)2,2,2(octane-1,4-dicarboxylate
Bpa
N,N′-bis(picolinamide)azine
bpb (bpbenz) (pbyb) (dpb)
1,4 -bis(4-pyridyl)benzene or 1,4-di(pyridine-4-yl)benzene
bpbix (bimb) (bmb) (bpim)
4,4′-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl) biphenyl or 4,4′-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)bibenzene or 4,4′-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)biphenyl
Bpbp bpda (HBPPA) (bpta)
5,5′-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,2′-bithiophene N,N′-bis(4-pyridinyl)-1,4-benzenedicarboxamide or N,N′-bis-(4-pyridyl)phthalamide
Bpdab
1,2-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)diazene
Bpdc
4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid
Bpeb
1,4-bis)2-(4-pyridyl)etheny) benzene
Bpfb
N,N′-bis(4-pyridylformamide)-1,4-benzene or N,N′-(1,4-phenylene) diisonicotinamide
Bpfn
N,N -bis-(4-pyridylformamide)-1,5-naphthalenediamine
Bphy
1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)hydrazine
BPnDC
benzophenone 4,4
/
-dicarboxylic acid
bpt (dpta) (4-abpt)
4 -amino-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole or 3,5-di(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine
BPTC
3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylate
bpydbH
2
4,4′-(4,4′-bipyridine-2,6-diyl) dibenzoic acid
bpz (Me
4
bpz)
3,3′-5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-bipyrazole
Br-iptH2
5-(bromomethyl)-isophthalic acid
bta
3-
benzene-1,3,5-triacetate
Btb
benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoate
btb (btab)
1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane
btbp (btp) (btmb)
4,4′-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) biphenyl
Btec, H
4
pyro, H
4
pma
benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate, pyromellitic acid
Btmx
1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene
BTPA
bis(4-(1H- 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl) amine
btre (bte)
1,2-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)ethane
Btx
1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene
btx (bbtz) (btb) (btrb)
1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene
Ceta
Bicycle)2.2.2(oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylate
dabco (Ted) (DBO)
1,4- diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane
DA-H
2
P
5,15-di(4-pyridylacetyl)-10,20-diphyenyl) porphyrinato
datz (datrz)
3,5-damino-1,2,4-triazole
Dbds
4,4′-dipyridyldisulfide
DBrBDC
2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate
DFD
9,9-dipropylfluorene-2,7-dicarboxylate
Dia
9,10-bis (1H-imidazol-1-yl) anthracene
dipytz (bpt) (bpta) (DPT)(4-PYTZ)
di-3,6-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) or 3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine or 3,6-bis(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine
DMBDC
2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
DMBDC
2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate
dmbpy (2,2′-dmbpy)
2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyriine
Dmpz
N,N′-dimethylpiperazine
Dmpzb
1,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butane
Dmpzh
1,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)hexane
Dmtrz
3,5-dimethyl-1H, 1,2,4-triazolate
Dnpdc
2, 2′-dinitrobiphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate
Doa
1,4-dioxane
Dpa
di(pyridin-4-yl)amine or 4,4′-dipyridylamine
DPBT
4,7di(4-pyridyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
DPEA (bpe) (bpea) (bpa)
1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane or 1,2 bis(4-pyridyl)ethane
DPEE (bpe) (dpe) (bpee) (dipy)
1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethylene or 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene or 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, 1,2-trans-bis(4-pyridyl) ethane
DPG (dpyg)
1,2-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2-ethanediol or 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)-glycol
DPMNI (DPNDI) (DPNI)(PNMI)
N,N′-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide
DPP (bpp) (dpp) (tmdpy) (tbpy)
1,3-di (pyridine-4-yl) propane or 1,3-bis (4-pyridyl)-propane, 4,4′-trimethlyene dipyridine
dps (dpys)
4,4′-dipyridylsulfide
Dstc
3,3
/
,4,4
/
-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylate
Dtb
1,3-di-(1,2,4-triazole-4-yl)benzene
FDA
furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid
F-H
2
P
5,15-dipyridyl-10,20-bis-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin
FMA, H
2
fum
fumaric acid
fu-bdc
Functionalized bdc
H
2
ADA
1,3-adamantanediacetic acid
H
2
ADC
1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid
H
2
adc
anthrancene-9,10-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
adi, H
2
adip
adipic acid
H
2
AIP
5-aminoisophthalic acid
H
2
aza
azelaic acid
H
2
bcp
1,3-bis(4-carboxy-phenoxy) propane
H
2
bcpb
3,5-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)pyridine
H
2
BDA
(R)- 1,1
/
-binaphthyl-2,2
/
-dihydroxy-5,5
/
-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
BDC, 1,4-bdc,
terephthalic acid, 1,4-
H
2
tp, tpa
benzenedicarboxylic acid
H
2
bpdado
2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxylate-1,1′-dioxide
H
2
bpdc
biphenyl- 2,4-dicarboxylate
H
2
bpea
biphenylethene-4
/
,4-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
btca
benzotriazole-5-carboxylate acid
H
2
btdc
2,2
/
- -5,5
/
-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
camph
(+)-camphoric acid, D-camphor acid
H
2
cca, CNC
4-carboxycinnamic acid
H
2
cpds
nicotinate 6,6
/
-dithiodinicotinic acid
H
2
cpfa
(R)-4-(4-(1-carboxyethoxy) phenoxy)-3-fluorobenzoic acid
H
2
CPNA
5-(4
/
-carboxylphenyl) nicotinic acid
H
2
cpoa
4-carboxyphenoxy acetic acid
H
2
cpp
3-(4-carboxyphenyl)propionic acid
H
2
cys
L-cysteic acid
H
2
dcpy
3-(2′,5′-dicarboxylphenyl)pyridine acid
H
2
epda
5-ethyl-pyridine- 2,3-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
FDC
9-fluorenone-2,7-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
glu
glutaric acid
H
2
hfipbb
4,4′(hexa-fluoroisopropylidene) bis-(benzoicacid)
H
2
ipa-CH3, H
2
mip
5-methyl-isophthalic acid
H
2
ma
Malic acid
H
2
mbdc, H
2
ipa, 1,3-H
2
bdc, m-H
2
BDC
isophthalic acid, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, m-phthalic acid, benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
mal
Malonic acid
H
2
MBP
4,4′-methylene-bispyrazole
H
2
mbpdc
2-methyl-4,4
/
-biphenyldicarboxylicacid
H
2
MDP
methylene bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazole)
H
2
mta
2-(methoxycabonyl)terephthalic acid
H
2
-muco
muconic acid
H
2
nbpdc
2-nitrobiphenyl- 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
NDC
2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
H
2
oba
4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid)
H
2
ox
oxalic acid
H
2
PA
pamoic acid
H
2
pbda
3-pyridin-3-yloxy)benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
pdac, o-H
2
pda,
1,2-phenylenediacetic acid,
H
2
pda
o-phenylenediacetic acid
H
2
pim
pimelic acid
H
2
psa
phenylsuccinic acid
H
2
pyip
5-(pyridine-4-yl)- isophthalic acid
H
2
sba
suberic acid
H
2
sdba
4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid
H
2
SDBA
sulfone-4,4
/
-biphenyldicarboxylate
H
2
sea
sebacylic acid
H
2
suc, H
2
SA
succinic acid
H
2
tbip
5-tert-butylisophthalic acid
H
2
tdc
thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid
H
2
TDC
triptycenedicarboxylic acid
H
3
ATTCA
2-amino-(1,1:3,1-terphenyl)-4,4,5-tricarboxylic acid
H
3
BCPBA
3,5-bi(4-carboxyphenoxy)-benzoic acid
H
3
BCPBA
3,5-bi(4-carboxy-phenoxy)-benzoic acid
H
3
bcta
4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-benzenetriyltris (carbonylimino))trisbenzoate acid
H
3
bidc
1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid
H
3
bpta
3,4′,5-biphenyltricarboxylic acid
H
3
BTC
1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, trimesic acid
H
3
bta
1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid
H
3
CAM
4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
H
3
CmdcpBr
N-carboxymethyl-3,5-dicarboxylpyridinium bromide
H3cpia
5-(4-carboxyphenoxy)- isophthalic acid
H
3
CPIP
5-(4-carboxyphenoxy)isophthalic acid
H
3
cpop
4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)phthalate acid
H
3
CTC
cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid
H
3
dpob
3-(2′,3′-dicarboxylphenoxy)-benzonic acid
H
3
DPPA
3-(4-hydroxyl pyridinium-1-yl) phthalic acid
H
3
IDC, Himdc
imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylate
H
3
EIDC, H
3
eimda
2-ethyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid
H
3
mimda
1H-2-methyl-4,5-imidazole-Dicarboxylic acid
H
3
nbta
5-nitro-1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid
H
3
OAIP
5-oxyacetate isophthalic acid
H
3
PIA
5-(2-carboxypyrrolidine-1-carbonyl) isophthalic acid
H
3
ppat
phosphonoacetic acid
H
3
SIP, H
3
sipa
5-Sulfoisophthalic Acid
H
3
tca
tricarballylic acid
H
3
tci
tris(2-carboxyethyl)isocyanurate
H
3
TMTA
4,4′,4″-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tribenzoic cid
H
4
abtc
3,3′,5,5′-azobenzenetetracarboxylic acid
H
4
adip
5-aminodiacetic isophthalic acid
H4ata
2,3,6,7-anthracenetetracarboxylic acid
H4bpt
3,3′,5,5′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid
H
4
bpta
1,1
/
-biphenyl- 2,2
/
,6,6
/
-tetracarboxylic acid
H
4
bptc, H
4
odpa
3,3
/
,4,4
/
-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid
H
4
btca
1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid
H
4
dcpp
4,5-di(4′-carboxylphenyl)phthalic acid
H
4
dht
2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid
H
4
dpstc
3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride
H
4
DSBDC
2,5-disulfonylterephthalate acid
H
4
obda
1,4-bis(4- oxy-1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid)benzene
H
4
ODPT
4,4
/
-oxidiphthalic acid
H
4
pbta
5,5′-phenylenebis(methylene)-1,1′-3,3′-(benzene-tetracarboxylic acid)
H4tptc
terphenyl-3,2
//
,5
//
,3
/
-tetracarboxylic acid
H
5
bpbc
biphenyl-2,4,6,3′,5′-pentacarboxylic acid
H
6
BTP
1,3,5-Benzenetriphosphonic acid
H
6
dccpa
3,4-di(3,5-dicarboxyl phenyl) phthalic acid
H
6
TTHA
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hexaacetic acid
Hade (ad)
9H-purin-6-amine or adenine
Hatz (artz)(atz)
1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole
Hbimtz
2-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)-1H-benzoimidazole
HBTA (btz) (BTAH)
1,2,3-benzenetriazole or 1H-benzotriazole or benzotriazol
Hcnp-H
2
ipa
5-(4-carboxy-2- nitrophenoxy) isophthalic acid
Hdap
2,6-diaminopurine
Hdmpp
3,5-dimethyl-4-(4′-pyridyl)pyrazole
Hem
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)- morpholine
HET
1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo) 2.2.1(hept-5-ene-2,3- dicarboxylic acid
Hibpa
4-isobutyl-α-methylphenylacetic acid
Hin
isonicotinic acid
HIPT
5-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-tetrazolate
Hmt
hexamethylenetetramine (methenamine)
HPBA
4-(4-pyridyl) benzoic acid
Hpptp or Hpptpd
2-(3-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine
Hpypz
4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine
Hpyt
5 -(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol
HPyz
1H-pyrazole
Hti (TBZ)
4-(1H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-yl) thiazole or thiabendazole
Htrb
hexakis(1,2,4-triazol-ylmethy1) benzene
HTZ
1H-tetrazole
Impy
2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine
IP
1-H-imidazo(4,5-f) (1,10)-phenanthroline
ipO
2-hydroxyisophthalic acid
iso-nia
Isonicotinamide
Mbim
N,N′-(1,1-methyl)-bis(imidazole)
m-bimb (1,3-bimb) (mbix)
1,3-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-benzene or 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene
Mbtz
1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) benzene
Mfd
9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-dicarboxylate
m-H
4
bptc
biphenyl-2,3
/
,3,4
/
-tetracarboxylic acid
MMBDC
2-monomethyl 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
M
pbatb
4,4′,4″,4″′-(1,3-phenylenebis (azanetriyl)tetrabenzoate)
Mpda
1,3-phenylenediacetate
MTAZ
5-methyl-tetrazole
NBzG
N-benzoyl-Lglutamate
NCG
N-carbamyl-L-glutamate
nIm
2-nitroimidazole
Niox
1,2- cyclohexanedionedioxime
NO
2
-bdc
2-nitro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, 2- nitroterephthalic acid
NO
2
-bdc, H
2
nip
5-nitro-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate, 5-nitroisophthalic acid
Obix (1,2-Bimb)
1,2-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene
OH-iptH2
5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalic acid
OPY
4,4′-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene)) dipyridine
Ox
oxalic acid
p-bimb (bix) (BIYB) pbib (1,4-bimb) (bimx) (1,4-dimb)
1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-benzene or 4,4′-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene
Pbetix
1,4-bis((2-ethyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl)benzene
Pbisopix
1,4-bis((2-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene
Pbmb
1,1′-(1,3-propane)bis-(2-methylbenzimidazole)
p-bpmp (4-bpmp)
4- bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)piperazine or 1,4-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl) piperazine
p
-BrPhH
3
IDC
2-(
p
-bromophenyl)-1
H
-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid
p-cbiaH3
5-(4-carboxybenzyloxy)isophthalic acid
PCIH
4-pyridinecarbaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazine
Pcp
P,P
/
-diphenyl-diphosphinate
Pdoa
2,2
/
-(1,3-phenylenedioxy) bis(acetate)
Pdpy
piperazine-1,4-diylbis(pyridme-4-ylmethanone
Phen
1,10-phenanthroline
PPA (pi)
Piperazine
PTA
1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane
px
2
ampy
1,4-bis(2-pyridylaminomethyl) benzene
px
3
ampy
1,4-bis(3-pyridylaminomethyl) benzene
py
3
T (tpt) (4-ptz)
tris(4-pyridyl)-triazine or 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine
pydcH
2
pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid
Pyrdc, H
2
pydc
pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate
Pyz
Pyrazine
Pzdc
pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate
Pzta
5-(2-pyrazinyl) tetrazole
R-4-bpmb
N
1
,N
4
-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl) benzene-1,4-diamine
R-4-bpmn
N
1
,N
5
-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethyl) naphthalene-1,5-diamine
R-GLA-Me
R-2-methylglutarate
S-nia
Thionicotinamide
Stp
2-sulfoterephthalate
Tadp
4,4′-(2H-1,2,3-triazole-2,4-diyl) dipyridine
TCMBT
N,N′,N″-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide
TCPB
1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-benzene
TCPP
tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin
Tfbdc, tftpa
Tetrafluoroterephthalate, tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, 2,3,5,6- tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid
Tfipa
Tetrafluoroisophthalate
Tfsuc
Tetrafluorosuccinate
Tib
1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene
Tipa
tris(4-(1H-imidazol- 1-yl)phenyl) amine
Tipb
1,3,5-tris(p-imidazolylphenyl) benzene
Tmbdc
Tetramethylterephthalate, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid
TPB
1,2,4,5-tetra(4-pyridyl)benzene
Tpcb
tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane
trans-H
2
chdc, CDC
trans
-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid
Trz
1,2,4-triazole
Tt
tris(triazolyl)borate
TTPA
tris(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1- yl) phenyl)amine
TTPBDA
N
4
,N
4
,N
4
′,N
4
′-tetrakis(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine
Ubl
4,4’-(carbonylbis(azanediyl)) dibenzoic acid
