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We are currently witnessing an increase in telecommunications norms and standards given the recent advances in this field. The increasing number of normalized standards paves the way for an increase in the range of services available for each consumer. Moreover, the majority of available radio frequencies have already been allocated. This explains the emergence of cognitive radio (CR) - the sharing of the spectrum between a primary user and a secondary user. In this book, we will present the state of the art of the different techniques for spectrum access using cooperation and competition to solve the problem of spectrum allocation and ensure better management of radio resources in a radio cognitive context. The different aspects of research explored up until now on the applications of multi-agent systems (MAS) in the field of cognitive radio are analyzed in this book. The first chapter begins with an insight into wireless networks and mobiles, with special focus on the IEEE 802.22 norm, which is a norm dedicated to CR. Chapter 2 goes into detail about CR, which is a technical field at the boundary between telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence (AI). In Chapter 3, the concept of the "agent" from AI is expanded to MAS and associated applications. Finally, Chapter 4 establishes an overview of the use of AI techniques, in particular MAS, for its allocation of radio resources and dynamic access to the spectrum in CR. Contents 1. Wireless and Mobile Networks. 2. Cognitive Radio. 3. Multi-agent Systems. 4. Dynamic Spectrum Access. About the Authors Badr Benmammar has been Associate Professor at UABT (University Abou Bekr Belkaïd Tlemcen), Algeria since 2010 and was a research fellow at CNRS LaBRI Laboratory of the University of Bordeaux 1 until 2007. He is currently carrying out research at the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT), UABT, Algeria. His main research activities concern the cognitive radio network, Quality of Service on mobile and wireless networks, end-to-end signaling protocols and agent technology. His work on Quality of Service has led to many publications in journals and conference proceedings. Asma Amraoui is currently a PhD candidate; she is preparing a doctoral thesis on a topic of research that explores the use of artificial intelligence techniques in cognitive radio networks. She is attached to the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT) in Algeria.
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Contents
Acronyms
Introduction
1 Wireless and Mobile Networks
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Wireless networks
1.3. Mobile networks
1.4. WiMAX mobile and 4G
1.5. Conclusion
2 Cognitive Radio
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Software radio
2.3. Introduction to cognitive radio
2.4. Languages of cognitive radio
2.5. Domains of cognitive radio applications
2.6. Conclusion
3 Multi-Agent Systems
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Definition of an agent
3.3. Multi-agent systems
3.4. Application of MAS in telecommunications
3.5. Conclusion
4 Dynamic Spectrum Access
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Intelligent algorithms
4.3. Dynamic spectrum access
4.4. Conclusion
Bibliography
Further Reading
Index
First published 2013 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd
27-37 St George’s Road
London SW19 4EU
UK
www.iste.co.uk
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
USA
www.wiley.com
© ISTE Ltd 2013
The rights of Badr Benmammar and Asma Amraoui to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012949590
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISSN: 2051-2481(Print)
ISSN: 2051-249X (Online)
ISBN: 978-1-84821-445-3
Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd., Croydon, Surrey CR0 4YY
Acronyms
1G
first generation
2G
second generation
3G
third generation
4G
fourth generation
AI
artificial intelligence
AP
access point
BDI
belief, desire, intention (agents)
BPSK
binary phase shift keying
BS
base station
BSS
base service set
COBRA
common object request broker architecture
CR
cognitive radio
CTMC
continuous time Markov chains
DAI
distributed artificial intelligence
DECT
digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
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