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Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
Sprache: Englisch

Beschreibung

75-80 recipes for learning Rust programming

About This Book

Learn to build high-performance Rust units and integrate them into your existing application
Work through recipes on performance, robustness, security, memory management, and scalability
Work through recipes to build foreign function interface with C, JS, and Python

Who This Book Is For

If you want to write Rust programs, then this book is for you. This book is for those who have a basic knowledge of Rust or any programming language. If you are a C/C developer who is migrating to Rust for various reasons, this book is ideal for you.

What You Will Learn

Understand system programming language problems and see how Rust provides unique solutions
Get to know the core concepts of Rust to develop fast and safe applications
Explore the possibility of integrating Rust units into existing applications to make them more efficient
Achieve better parallelism, security, and performance
Explore ways to package your Rust application and ship it for deployment in a production environment
Discover how to build web applications and services using Rust to provide high-performance to the end user

In Detail

If you are building concurrent applications, server-side programs, or high-performance applications, you will benefit from this language. This book comes with a lot of application-specific recipes to kick-start your development of real-world high-performance applications with the Rust programming language and integrating Rust units into your existing applications. In this book, you will find some 80 practical recipes written in Rust that will allow you to use the code samples right away in your existing applications. These recipes have been tested with stable rust compiler versions of 1.14.0 and above.

We'll delve into advanced-level concepts such as error handling, macros, crates, and parallelism in Rust. Toward the end of the book, you will learn how to create HTTP servers and web services, building a strong foundational knowledge in server-side programming and enabling you to deliver solutions to build high-performance and safer production-level web applications and services using Rust.

Style and approach

This book helps you learn the core concepts of Rust faster by taking a recipe-based approach, where you can try out different code snippets to understand a concept.

Details

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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

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Leseprobe

Rust Cookbook

Learn to build blazingly fast and safe real-world applications using the Rust programming language

Vigneshwer Dhinakaran

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

< html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">

Rust Cookbook

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: July 2017

Production reference: 1260717

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place

35 Livery Street

Birmingham

B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78588-025-4

www.packtpub.com

Credits

Author

Vigneshwer Dhinakaran

Copy Editor

Muktikant Garimella

Gladson Monteiro

Reviewer

Pradeep R

Project Coordinator

Ulhas Kambali

Commissioning Editor

Aaron Lazar

Proofreader

Safis Editing

Acquisition Editor

Denim Pinto

Indexer

Rekha Nair

Content Development Editor

Vikas Tiwari

Graphics

Abhinash Sahu

Technical Editor

Diwakar Shukla

Production Coordinator

Melwyn Dsa

About the Author

Vigneshwer Dhinakaran is an innovative data scientist with an artistic perception of technology and business, having over 3 years of experience in various domains, such as IOT, DevOps, computer vision, and deep learning, and is currently engaged as a research analyst crunching real-time data and implementing state-of-the-art AI algorithms in the innovation and development lab of the world's largest decision science company in Bengaluru, India.

He is an official Mozilla representative and Techspeaker in India and has been associated with Mozilla communities and technologies for more than 5 years. He has delivered various sessions on Rust language at many meetups and conferences; some of the highlighted events are Hong Kong Open Source Conference, FOSSMeet 17, and RainOfRust Campaign. He has played a key role in the formation and growth of the Rust community in India and was part of the Mozilla Reps mobilizer experiment, where he researched about the roadblocks and solutions to drive developers to adopt the Rust language in India.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the entire Packt team for providing me with all their support and guidance throughout publishing my first book. I would like to call out Mr.Vikas Tiwari, who is the content development editor of the book, for patiently handling all my queries and planning the entire project; it has been a great experience working with you.

Thanks to my college, Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology, Kochi, from where I got my bachelor's degree. This place provided me with a great platform to learn, explore, and practice various engineering and leadership skills. I would like to express my sincere thanks to my professor, Dr. Deepti Das Krishna, who has always guided me in the right direction and supported all my activities. Thanks to all my teachers who have taught me so many important lessons throughout my life.

Thanks to Mr. Pradeep Ramalingam, the technical reviewer of the book and my mentor for providing support, offering comments, and assisting me during the entire editing, proofreading, and design of the book.

Thanks to Mr. Nitish Bhardwaj, who has always offered me a lot of mentorship and guidance to develop as an engineering professional in the early days of my career.

Being part of the Mozilla community is one the best things that has happened to me. I wouldn't have been here without the amazing exposure and learning experience from the network. I would like to express my gratitude to the many people who have helped me grow as a contributor in the ecosystem, and special thanks to the Mozilla Reps, Mozilla Tech Speakers, and Mozilla India community volunteers. Thanks also to the Rust community team and members for their amazing work and contribution in providing developers with great documentation, and inclusive practices and programs; it has truly been a great learning experience being part of the community.

Thanks to my longtime friends, Harry Prince, Jairam Sankar, Srinivas Srikanth, Sriram Subramanian, Krishna Prasad, Firoz Jamal, and Ashique MN, and to all well wishers for their support and friendship.

Above all, I want to thank my parents, D.Dhinakaran and D.Selvi, for providing me with all the right resources and for being a great source of encouragement and positivity in my life, to my younger sister D.Abhinaya for showing great confidence in my works, and to the rest of my family for their unconditional love and support, inspite of all the time it took me away from them. It was a long and difficult journey for them.

Last but not least, I beg forgiveness of all those who have been with me over the course of the years and whose names I have failed to mention.

About the Reviewer

Pradeep R is an avid programmer who is passionate in working on network security. He is an experienced developer working on network security and network monitoring/visibility platforms devices for the past 5 years. He has worked on areas such as NAT, Firewall, VPN, Intrusion Detection Systems, network switching, and routing solutions.

He loves different programming languages and strongly believes that all programming languages are similar in essence and can be easily adapted. His area of interest spans over different programming languages and extensively works with C, C++, Python, JavaScript, Perl, and occasionally with Java, .NET, and Rust.

He is currently working as a lead engineer in Gigamon Inc. on network visibility devices. The Gigamon Inc. manufactures network visibility next generation devices that are used for analyzing the network traffic and monitors them to detect malicious activity or determine abnormal network usage pattern to detect security breach.

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Sections

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

Preface

Rust is a system programming language that runs blazingly fast, prevents segfaults, and guarantees thread safety. If you are building concurrent applications, server-side programs, or high-performance applications, you will benefit from this language. This book comes with a lot of application-specific recipes to kick-start your developing real-world, high-performance applications with the Rust programming language and integrating Rust units into your existing applications. In this book, you will find over 85 practical recipes written in Rust that will allow you to use the code samples in your existing applications right away.

This book will help you understand the core concepts of the Rust language, enabling you to develop efficient and high-performance applications by incorporating features such as zero cost abstraction and better memory management. We'll delve into advanced-level concepts such as error handling, macros, crates, and parallelism in Rust. Toward the end of the book, you will learn how to create HTTP servers and web services, building a strong foundational knowledge in server-side programming and enabling you to deliver solutions to build high-performance and safer production-level web applications and services using Rust.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Let us Make System Programming Great Again, provides a brief overview of how to get started with Rust programming by setting up the compiler and learning about various assignment operations and data types in Rust.

Chapter 2, Advanced Programming with Rust, covers recipes that help in implementing expressions that will represent the state of the code, build logic using decision-making statements, and declare custom complex data type to represent a real-world scenario.

Chapter 3, Deep Diving into Cargo, demonstrates the powerful features of the Cargo tool that is the Rust's package manager. This chapter contains recipes that help in creating, developing, packaging, maintaining, testing, and deploying Rust applications using the Cargo tool.

Chapter 4, Creating Crates and Modules, shows you how to develop a highly modular production-grade Rust application. This chapter contains recipes that help in building libraries in Rust and also define control and access for features through external programs.

Chapter 5, Deep Dive into Parallelism, contains recipes that will help you perform parallel operations to build a high-performance Rust application by learning the concurrency and parallelism features in Rust.

Chapter 6, Efficient Error Handling, explores various recipes by which the developer can prepare to efficiently manage and handle errors in the Rust application.

Chapter 7, Hacking Macros, teaches you how to create a Macro in the Rust programming language for creating powerful operations to execute specific tasks.

Chapter 8, Integrating Rust with Other Languages, covers the techniques that will help us to create Rust units in our existing applications written in other languages, such as C, Node.js, and Python.

Chapter 9, Web Development with Rust, outlines recipes that will help the developer to learn and use the existing web framework libraries in Rust to set up a web server, handle web requests, and more.

Chapter 10, Advanced Web Development in Rust, teaches you to build an end-to-end RESTful API solution using the Nickel crate in Rust language, which connects to MongoDB service and performs the GET, POST, and DELETE requests on user data from an endpoint.

Chapter 11, Advanced Rust Tools and libraries, lists recipes that help us to set up various advanced Rust tools that help the developer to write production-level Rust code, catch errors, and deep dive into ground-level libraries in Rust, which performs common operations and functionalities out of the box.

What you need for this book

You will need the following software to complete all the recipes in this book:

System running either Windows or Linux OS distribution with the minimum following resources:

Hard disk capacity: 2 GB

Processor: 1 GHz or higher (must support hyper-threading, multi-core CPUs)

Memory capacity: 2 GB or more recommended

These recipes have been tested with stable Rust compiler versions of 1.14.0 and above

We will need decent internet connection for downloading open source Rust libraries and other dependencies throughout the different recipes of the book

Who this book is for

The book is for developers, students, consultants, architects, and enthusiastic programmers across any vertical to learn about the state-of-the-art system programming language Rust and its unique features, which helps in delivering safe and high-performance production-level applications. The book comes with a lot of application specific recipes, which will help the developers get kick started with developing web applications and high-performance Rust modules into their existing applications.

Sections

In this book, you will find several headings that appear frequently (Getting ready, How to do it…, How it works…, There's more…, and See also). To give clear instructions on how to complete a recipe, we use these sections as follows:

Getting ready

This section tells you what to expect in the recipe, and describes how to set up any software or any preliminary settings required for the recipe.

How to do it…

This section contains the steps required to follow the recipe.

How it works…

This section usually consists of a detailed explanation of what happened in the previous section.

There's more…

This section consists of additional information about the recipe in order to make the reader more knowledgeable about the recipe.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning. Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "A few other commands with the rustup.sh script are as follows."

A block of code is set as follows:

fn main() { println!("Welcome to Rust Cookbook"); }

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

New terms and important words are shown in bold.

In macOS, you can open the Terminal by pressing the F4 key, which opens the launchpad and searches for the Terminal. Then, you can select the Terminal option in the display. This is just one possible way of doing it; there are other ways too. In Linux distributions, we can jointly press Ctrl + Alt + T to open the Terminal or search for it in the application search window.

It's considered good style to put the opening curly brace on the same line as the function declaration, with one space in between.

Reader feedback

Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this book-what you liked or disliked. Reader feedback is important for us as it helps us develop titles that you will really get the most out of. To send us general feedback, simply e-mail [email protected], and mention the book's title in the subject of your message. If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book, see our author guide at www.packtpub.com/authors.

Customer support

Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help you to get the most from your purchase.

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code files for this book from your account at http://www.packtpub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you. You can download the code files by following these steps:

Hover the mouse pointer on the

SUPPORT

tab at the top.

Click on

Code Downloads & Errata

Enter the name of the book in the

box.

Select the book for which you're looking to download the code files.

Choose from the drop-down menu where you purchased this book from.

Click on

Code Download

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Downloading the color images of this book

We also provide you with a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots/diagrams used in this book. The color images will help you better understand the changes in the output. You can download this file from https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/RustCookbook_ColorImages.pdf.

Errata

Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books-maybe a mistake in the text or the code-we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing so, you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book. If you find any errata, please report them by visiting http://www.packtpub.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details of your errata. Once your errata are verified, your submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded to our website or added to any list of existing errata under the Errata section of that title. To view the previously submitted errata, go to https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/support and enter the name of the book in the search field. The required information will appear under the Errata section.

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Piracy of copyrighted material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all media. At Packt, we take the protection of our copyright and licenses very seriously. If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the Internet, please provide us with the location address or website name immediately so that we can pursue a remedy. Please contact us at [email protected] with a link to the suspected pirated material. We appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you valuable content.

Questions

If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at [email protected], and we will do our best to address the problem.

Let us Make System Programming Great Again

In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:

Setting up Rust in Linux and macOS

Setting up Rust in Windows

Creating your first Rust program

Defining a variable assignment

Setting up Boolean and the character types

Controlling decimal points, number formats, and named arguments

Performing arithmetic operations

Defining mutable variables

Declaring and performing string operations

Declaring arrays and using slices in Rust

Declaring vectors in Rust

Declaring tuples in Rust

Performing calculations on two numbers

Introduction

This chapter is focused on bringing about a behavioral change in you in regard to setting up Rust and programming with it. The objective of this chapter is to make you realize why one should use Rust when there are so many other programming languages out there solving various problems in different verticals--why is there a need for yet another programming language?

These are the fundamental questions that would come to one's mind when they are learning a new language, well Rust is a systems programming language that runs blazingly fast, prevents segfaults, and guarantees thread safety. As the definition mentions Rust is focused towards eliminating a various class of system programming bugs and errors which at the end of the day helps in making secure, faster, and out-of-the-box production grade applications.

This chapter dives deeper into various assignment operations and their features, data types, and data structures in Rust.

Setting up Rust in Linux and macOS

We will explore ways in which we can install Rust components in Linux and macOS operating systems and also cover the different problems faced during the installation.

Getting ready

In order to run Rust code in your workstations, we have to install the Rust compiler. We require Unix-based operating systems such as Linux distributions and macOS.

How to do it...

Follow these steps to set up Rust on your system:

Open the Terminal.

Type the following command to install the Rust compiler and Cargo in your system:

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

You can also try using the following command:

curl -sf https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh | sudo sh

The preceding commands will start the installation, and as it proceeds, the script will require user input. Enter for the default installation, which is the standard way. After this step, different components will be downloaded. If the installation happens without any error, you should be able to see the following screenshot:

Rust is installed now. Great!

Uninstalling Rust

Uninstalling Rust is as easy as installing it. Open the Terminal and type the following command:

rustup self uninstall

Rust's compiler version

If you have reached here, you have got Rust installed on your system, and you can go ahead and verify it. Open up the Terminal and enter the following command, which will give you the version of Rust installed:

rustc --version

Take a look at the following screenshot:

Here, rustc stands for the Rust compiler and --version displays the Rust version we have downloaded. By default, the rustup.sh script downloads the latest stable build. In this book, we are working with the 1.14.0 version.

Congrats, if you have reached this step without any error! Rust has been installed successfully.

Advanced installation options

A few other commands with the rustup.sh script are as follows. These commands are not necessary for common usage. The following commands are advanced commands that are not usually used by developers at an early stage of Rust development.

Install to a particular location:

rustup.sh prefix=my/install/dir

Save the download for faster reinstallation:

rustup.sh save

Install nightly:

rustup.sh channel=nightly

Install nightly archives:

rustup.sh --channel=nightly date=2015-04-09

Install the explicit versions:

rustup.sh --revision=1.0.0-beta

These commands help with the installation of a particular build, unstable releases, and version-controlled component installation.

Troubleshooting

If you try to reinstall Rust after its uninstallation, you'll often get an error saying that rustup.sh already exists. Please refer the following screenshot:

To solve the error, just delete the .rustup executable file from the user space:

rm -rf /home/viki/.rustup

If the version command doesn't work for you, then you probably have the PATH environment variable wrong and have not included Cargo's binary directory, which is ~/.cargo/bin on Unix and %USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin on Windows.

This is the directory where Rust development tools are present, and most Rust developers keep it in their PATH environment variable, which makes it possible for them to run rustc on the command line.

Due to the differences between operating systems, command shells, and bugs in the installation, you may need to restart your shell, log out of the system, or configure PATH manually as appropriate to your operating environment.

Rust does not do its own linking, so you'll need to have a linker installed. Doing so will depend on your specific system. For Linux-based systems, Rust will attempt to call cc for linking. On Rust built on Windows with Microsoft Visual Studio, this depends on having Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools installed. These do not need to be in %PATH%, as rustc will find them automatically. In general, if you have your linker in a non-traditional location, you can call rustc linker=/path/to/cc, where /path/to/cc should point to your linker path.

If you are still stuck, there are a number of places where you can get help. The easiest is the #rust--beginners IRC channel for general discussion, and the #rust IRC channel, which we can access through Mibbit. Other great resources include the Rust user's forum and Stack Overflow.

How it works...

The shell script rustup.sh is a great way to install Rust and has been used by many developers to not only install Rust, but also Cargo on their machines.

The working of this script is pretty straightforward, where the code of the bash script hosted on the rustup server is downloaded on the host system and run automatically by passing the script code to the pipe symbol. The script offers you various installation options through which you can choose the version and type of Rust compiler you want to install. We have the nightly version, which is not the stable one, in Rust's nightly version. This version is used by developers and contributors to test and develop features for their existing projects.

Setting up Rust in Windows

This recipe covers how to set up Rust on a Windows system.

Getting ready

We will require a Windows machine for this purpose.

How to do it...

It is very easy to install it on Windows:

Download and run the

.exe

file from

https://win.rustup.rs

Click on the downloaded executable; this will start the installation in a Command Prompt.

Select option 1 in the Command Prompt for regular installation, which is recommended.

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Rust Cookbook E-Book

Vigneshwer Dhinakaran

About This Book

Who This Book Is For

What You Will Learn

In Detail

Style and approach

Rust Cookbook

Credits

About the Author

Acknowledgments

About the Reviewer

www.PacktPub.com

Why subscribe?

Customer Feedback

Table of Contents

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Sections

Getting ready

How to do it…

How it works…

There's more…

See also

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

Let us Make System Programming Great Again

Introduction

Setting up Rust in Linux and macOS

Getting ready

How to do it...

Uninstalling Rust

Rust's compiler version

Advanced installation options

Troubleshooting

How it works...

Setting up Rust in Windows

Getting ready

How to do it...